NCI Thesaurus, a controlled vocabulary in support of NCI administrative and scientific activities. Produced by the Enterprise Vocabulary System (EVS), a collaborative project by the NCI Center for Bioinformatics and the NCI Office of Communications. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A. The OWL version of the NCI Thesaurus is produced by the EVS in collaboration with Jim Hendler and Jen Golbeck, Maryland Information and Network Dynamics Lab, Semantic Web Agents Project (Mindswap) University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A. 03.09d C2 2 NCI_Kind C13 13 Anatomy_Kind C4 4 Biological_Process_Kind C10 10 Chemicals_and_Drugs_Kind C21 21 Chemotherapy_Regimen_Kind C5 5 Clinical_or_Research_Activity_Kind C3 3 Diagnostic_and_Prognostic_Factors_Kind C9 9 Equipment_Kind C15 15 Findings_and_Disorders_Kind C6 6 Gene_Kind C12 12 Organism_Kind C16 16 Properties_or_Attributes_Kind C7 7 Protein_Kind C8 8 Technique_Kind C19 19 EO_Anatomy_Kind C20 20 EO_Findings_and_Disorders_Kind C22 22 Retired_Kind C74 74 C75 75 C73 73 C71 71 C70 70 C69 69 C76 76 C67 67 C77 77 C66 66 C72 72 C68 68 C79 79 C78 78 C80 80 C82 82 C81 81 C87 87 C83 83 C84 84 C88 88 C86 86 C85 85 C22 22 C4 5 C6 7 C8 9 C27 27 C24 24 C25 25 C23 23 C26 26 C32 32 C30 30 C33 33 C35 35 C34 34 C28 28 C31 31 C29 29 C41 41 C40 40 C37 37 C38 38 C36 36 C39 39 C45 45 C46 46 C50 50 C49 49 C52 52 C51 51 C44 44 C54 54 C43 43 C53 53 C42 42 C48 48 C47 47 C62 62 C65 65 C63 63 C64 64 C55 55 C59 59 C60 60 C56 56 C57 57 C58 58 C61 61 C108 108 C106 106 C104 104 C90 90 C97 97 C92 92 C93 93 C94 94 C95 95 C96 96 C98 98 C100 100 C101 101 C102 102 C107 107 C166 166 C167 167 C168 168 C169 169 C170 170 C171 171 C172 172 C173 173 C175 175 C176 176 C181 181 C201 201 C203 203 C200 200 C204 204 C202 202 C205 205 C206 206 C207 207 C208 208 C209 209 C191 191 primitive Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure Combination Chemotherapy C0013218 combination chemotherapy PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045650]]> Chemotherapy, Combination SY RAEB-2]]> Combination Drug Therapy SY NCI]]> Combination Chemotherapy PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Treatment using more than one anticancer drug.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drug therapy with two or more drugs given separately for a combined effect.]]> Chemotherapy, Combination Combination Drug Therapy Drug Therapy, Combination CSP2002 combination of drugs in therapy; use in addition to the specific kind of chemotherapy, the specific drugs being used and drug function.]]> RAEB-2 Drug therapy with two or more drugs given separately for a combined effect. (MSH98)]]> Drug Therapy, Combination SY NCI]]> Combination Chemotherapy C192 192 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Mesna C0000294 C198 113891 mesna PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045257]]> UCB 3983 CN NCI]]> Uromitexan FB NCI]]> Sodium 2-Mercaptoethanesulphonate SY NCI]]> Mexan FB NCI]]> Ziken FB NCI]]> Uromitexan SY DTP NSC0113891]]> Mistabron FB NCI]]> Mistabronco SY DTP NSC0113891]]> Mercaptoethane Sulfonate SY NCI]]> Filesna FB NCI]]> D-7093 CN NCI]]> Ausobronc FB NCI]]> Sodium 2-Mercaptoethane Sulfonate SY NCI]]> Mucolene FB NCI]]> Mucofluid SY DTP NSC0113891]]> Mucofluid FB NCI]]> Mitexan FB NCI]]> D-7093 Mistabronco Mucofluid Sodium 2-Mercaptoethane Sulfonate UCB 3983 Uromitexan Ziken MSH2002_06_01 A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.]]> CSP2002 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt; scavenges glutathione; used as a detoxifying agent for uroprotection (especially in cancer combination chemotherapy), as a prophlylactic for hemorrhagic cystitis, and as an expectorant in treating chronic bronchitis.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that helps protect the kidneys and bladder from the toxic effects of anticancer drugs such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide.]]> Therapeutic use in Ifosfamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis Mesnum SY NCI]]> Mesnil FB NCI]]> Mesnex BR NCI]]> Mesna SY DTP NSC0113891]]> Mesna PT NCI]]> Mercaptoethanesulfonate SY NCI]]> Sodium 2-Mercaptoethanesulphonate Mucolene Mitexan Ausobronc Mistabron Mexan Mesnum Mesnil Mesnex Mercaptoethanesulfonate Mercaptoethane Sulfonate Filesna Mistabronco FB NCI]]> Mesna C193 193 primitive C0000399 3-Deazauridine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Deazauridine SY NCI]]> 4-hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribopentofuranosyl)-2-pyridone SY NCI]]> 3-Deazauridine PT NCI]]> 2(1H)-pyridinone, 4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl SY NCI]]> 3-Deazauridine SY DTP NSC0126849]]> MSH2002_06_01 4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent.]]> 2(1H)-pyridinone, 4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 4-hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribopentofuranosyl)-2-pyridone 3-Deazauridine Deazauridine 3-Deazauridine C194 194 primitive Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide C0000511 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide PT NCI]]> 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide SY DTP NSC0019645]]> MSH2002_06_01 A potent mutagen and carcinogen. This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. It inactivates bacteria but not bacteriophage.]]> 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide C195 195 primitive 755 C0000618 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Mercaptopurine mercaptopurine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046639]]> Purinethol SY DTP NSC0000755]]> U-4748 CN NCI]]> Purinethol BR NCI]]> WR-2785 CN NCI]]> U-4748 SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mern SY DTP NSC0000755]]> NCI-C04886 CN NCI]]> NSC 755 CN NCI]]> Leukerin SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Leukerin FB NCI]]> Ismipur SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Ismipur FB NCI]]> Flocofil FB NCI]]> Purimethol SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Puri-Nethol SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Puri-Nethol FB NCI]]> NSC 755 SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6 MP SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 3H-Purine-6-thiol SY NCI]]> 3H-Purine-6-thiol SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 1,7-Dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione SY NCI]]> 6H-Purine-6-thione, 1,7-dihydro- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6-Thioxopurine SY NCI]]> 6-Thioxopurine SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6-Thiopurine SY NCI]]> 6-Thiopurine SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Alti-Mercaptopurine FB NCI]]> 7-Mercapto-1,3,4,6-tetrazaindene SY NCI]]> 7-Mercapto-1,3,4,6-tetrazaindene SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6H-Purine-6-thione, 1,7-dihydro- (9CI) SY NCI]]> 6-Mercaptopurine Monohydrate SY NCI]]> 6-MP SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6-MP AB NCI]]> 6 Thiopurine SY NCI]]> 6 Thiohypoxanthine SY NCI]]> 6-Purinethiol SY NCI]]> 6-Purinethiol SY DTP NSC0000755]]> 6-Mercaptopurine SY NCI]]> 6-Mercaptopurine SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mercaleukim SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mercaleukim FB NCI]]> Leupurin SY NCI]]> Leupurin SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mercaptopurine PT NCI]]> Mercapto-6-purine SY NCI]]> Mercaptina FB NCI]]> Mercaleukin SY NCI]]> Mercaleukin SY DTP NSC0000755]]> CAS 50442 CN NCI]]> Bw 57-323H SY DTP NSC0038887]]> BW 57-323H CN NCI]]> Azathiopurine SY NCI]]> Purine-6-thiol, Monohydrate Purinethiol WR-2785 MSH2002_06_01 An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NCI Azathiopurine is an immunosuppressive drug. It is a prodrug of 6-thiopurine, a hepatic metabolite.]]> Purinethiol FB NCI]]> Purine-6-thiol, monohydrate SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Purine-6-thiol, Monohydrate SY NCI]]> 6-Purinethiol 6-Mercaptopurine Monohydrate 6-Mercaptopurine 6-MP 6 Thiopurine NCI-C04886 Mern Mercapurin Mercaptopurinum U-4748 Purinethol Purine-6-thiol, monohydrate Purine-6-thiol Monohydrate Purine, 6-mercapto- Puri-Nethol Leukerin Ismipur Flocofil CAS 50442 Bw 57-323H BW 57-323H Azathiopurine Alti-Mercaptopurine 6 Thiohypoxanthine 6 MP 3H-Purine-6-thiol 1,7-Dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione 7-Mercapto-1,3,4,6-tetrazaindene 6H-Purine-6-thione, 1,7-dihydro- (9CI) 6-Thioxopurine 6-Thiopurine Mercapto-6-purine Mercaptina Mercaleukin Mercaleukim Leupurin NSC 755 Purimethol Purine-6-thiol (8CI) Purine-6-thiol Monohydrate SY NCI]]> Purine-6-thiol (8CI) SY NCI]]> Purine-6-thiol (8CI) SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Purine, 6-mercapto- SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Purimethol SY NCI]]> Mercapurin SY NCI]]> Mercapurin SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mercaptopurinum BR NCI]]> NCI-C04886 SY DTP NSC0000755]]> Mern SY NCI]]> Mercaptopurine C196 196 primitive Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-Epoxide Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0000641 Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-Epoxide PT NCI]]> BPDE AB NCI]]> BPDE MSH2002_06_01 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.]]> Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10-Epoxide C197 197 primitive C0000677 Dimethylbenzanthracene Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Dimethylbenzanthracene SY DTP NSC0408823]]> DMBA AB NCI]]> DMBA SY DTP NSC0408823]]> Dimethylbenzanthracene PT NCI]]> Dimethylbenzanthracene DMBA CSP2002 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is a potent carcinogen.]]> MSH2002_06_01 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.]]> NCI 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen. (MSH98)]]> Dimethylbenzanthracene C198 198 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Acetaminophen C0000970 acetaminophen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045165]]> Paracetamol SY NCI]]> Acetaminophen SY DTP NSC0003991]]> Paracetamol SY DTP NSC0003991]]> APAP AB NCI]]> Tylenol BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that reduces pain and fever (but not inflammation). It belongs to the family of drugs called analgesics.]]> Tylenol APAP Paracetamol MSH2002_06_01 Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.]]> Tylenol SY DTP NSC0003991]]> Acetaminophen PT NCI]]> Acetaminophen C199 199 primitive Organic Chemical Biologically Active Substance C0001026 Acetyl Coenzyme A Acetyl Coenzyme A PT NCI]]> NCI acetyl-CoA. Condensation product of coenzyme A and acetic acid; intermediate in transfer of two-carbon fragment, notably in its entrance into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in fatty acid synthesis.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.]]> Acetyl Coenzyme A C200 200 primitive C0001047 Acetylcysteine Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein acetylcysteine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045166]]> Parvolex FB NCI]]> Mucocedyl FB NCI]]> Muco Sanigen FB NCI]]> Mucolator FB NCI]]> Mucomyst BR NCI]]> Mucosolvin FB NCI]]> Mucret FB NCI]]> N-Acetylcysteine SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Airbron SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Airbron FB NCI]]> Acetylcysteine PT NCI]]> Neo-Fluimucil FB NCI]]> NAC AB NCI]]> N-acetylcysteine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045797]]> N-acetyl-L-cysteine SY NCI]]> N-acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine SY NCI]]> N-Acetylcysteine SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antioxidant drug that may keep cancer cells from developing or reduce the risk of growth of existing cancer.]]> Respaire SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Respaire FB NCI]]> Tixair FB NCI]]> Parvolex SY DTP NSC0111180]]> L-Alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic Acid SY NCI]]> Fluprowit FB NCI]]> Fluimucil SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Fluimucil FB NCI]]> Fluimucetin SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Fluimucetin FB NCI]]> Fluatox FB NCI]]> Fabrol FB NCI]]> Brunac FB NCI]]> Broncholysin SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Broncholysin FB NCI]]> Neo-Fluimucil N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-Acetylcysteine N-Acetyl Cysteine Mucosolvin Mucolyticum Mucolator Mucocedyl Muco Sanigen Respaire Parvolex L-Alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic Acid Fluprowit Fluimucil Fluimucetin Fluatox Fabrol Brunac Broncholysin Airbron Mucomyst Mucret N-Acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine NAC Tixair NCI-GLOSS A drug usually used to reduce the thickness of mucus and ease its removal. It is also used to reverse the toxicity of high doses of acetaminophen. Also called N-acetyl-L-cysteine.]]> N-Acetyl-L-cysteine SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Mucosolvin SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Mucomyst SY DTP NSC0111180]]> Mucolyticum FB NCI]]> Acetylcysteine C201 201 primitive C0001060 Pharmacologic Substance Immunologic Factor Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Muramyl Dipeptides Muramyl Dipeptides PT NCI]]> NCI a naturally occurring component of bacterial cell walls that has the capacity to activate macorphages.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.]]> Muramyl Dipeptides C202 202 primitive 208734 C0001143 Pharmacologic Substance Aclarubicin Organic Chemical Antibiotic [1R-(1alpha,2beta,4beta)]-2-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-4-[[2,3,6-trideoxy-4-O-[2,6-dideoxy-4-O-[(2R-trans)-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]-3-(dimethylamino-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1-naphthacenecarboxylic acid methyl ester SY NCI]]> Aclarubicin PT NCI]]> Aclacinomycin A SY DTP NSC0208734]]> Aclacinomycin A SY NCI]]> Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Aclacinomycin-A SY NCI]]> Aclacinomycine FB NCI]]> Aclaplastin FB NCI]]> 1-naphthacenecarboxylic acid, 2-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5, 7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-4-[[2,3,6-trideoxy-4-O-[2,6-dideoxy-4-O-((2R-trans)-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl) -.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]-3-(dimethylamino)-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-, methyl ester,(1R-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.))-(9CI) SY NCI]]> NSC 208734 SY DTP NSC0208734]]> CAS 57576440 CN NCI]]> Jaclacin FB NCI]]> MA144-A1 CN NCI]]> NSC-208734 CN NCI]]> Antibiotic MA144-A1 SY NCI]]> Aclacin FB NCI]]> ACLARUBICIN HCL PT NCI]]> ACLACINOMYCIN A SY DTP NSC0208734]]> Aclacinomycine Aclacinomycin-A Aclacinomycin A hydrochloride Aclacinomycin A ACLACINOMYCIN A [1R-(1alpha,2beta,4beta)]-2-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-4-[[2,3,6-trideoxy-4-O-[2,6-dideoxy-4-O-[(2R-trans)-tetrahydeo-6-methyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl]-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]-3-(dimethylamino-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-naphthacenecarboxylic acid methyl ester NSC-208734 NSC 208734 MA144-A1 1-naphthacenecarboxylic acid, 2-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5, 7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-4-[[2,3,6-trideoxy-4-O-[2,6-dideoxy-4-O-((2R-trans)-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl) -.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]-3-(dimethylamino)-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-, methyl ester,(1R-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.))-(9CI) Aclaplastin Aclacinon Jaclacin CAS 57576440 Antibiotic MA144-A1 Aclarubicin Hydrochloride ACLARUBICIN HCL Aclacin Aclacinomycin MSH2002_06_01 An anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity, especially in the treatment of leukemias, with reduced cardiac toxicity in comparison to daunorubicin or doxorubicin.]]> Aclarubicin Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Aclacinon FB NCI]]> Aclacinomycin SY NCI]]> Aclarubicin C203 203 primitive Organic Chemical Acridine C0001186 Acridine PT NCI]]> Acridine C204 204 primitive C0001259 Actinomycin Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic Actinomycins SY NCI]]> Actinomycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Actinomycins Actinomycin Antibiotic C205 205 primitive 335752 C0001367 C1504 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Acyclovir acyclovir PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045167]]> Poviral FB NCI]]> 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]guanine SY DTP NSC0645011]]> 2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purin-6-one SY NCI]]> 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine SY NCI]]> Acicloftal FB NCI]]> Acycloguanosine SY DTP NSC0645011]]> Acyclovir PT NCI]]> Cargosil FB NCI]]> Cargosil Virorax Zovirax CSP2002 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine; acts against herpesviruses by inhibiting the viral DNA polymerase.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antiviral agent used to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections that may occur when the body is immunosuppressed.]]> Wellcome 248U CN NCI]]> Zovirax BR NCI]]> Virorax FB NCI]]> Wellcome 248U Poviral BW-248U Aclovir 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine 2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purin-6-one 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]guanine Acicloftal Acycloguanosine BW-248U CN NCI]]> Acycloguanosine SY NCI]]> Aclovir FB NCI]]> ACYCLOVIR PT NCI]]> Acyclovir C206 206 primitive Organic Chemical Adenine C0001407 Adenine SY DTP NSC0014666]]> Adenine PT NCI]]> ADENINE SY DTP NSC0014666]]> CSP2002 6-aminopurine; one of the 5 major bases (with guanine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil) found in nucleic acids.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.]]> Adenine C207 207 primitive C0001443 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Adenosine Adenosine SY DTP NSC0627048]]> Adenosine PT NCI]]> ADENOSINE SY DTP NSC0007652]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.]]> ADENOSINE Adenosine Adenosine C208 208 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance C0001455 Cyclic AMP cAMP AB NCI]]> Cyclic AMP SY DTP NSC0094017]]> NCI cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate, 3'5'-cyclic ester of AMP. It was the first second-messenger hormone signaling system to be characterized. cAMP activates a specific protein kinase and is inactivated by phosphodiesterase action giving 5'AMP. (DCB-CB)]]> Cyclic AMP PT NCI]]> Cyclic AMP cAMP MSH2002_06_01 An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.]]> Cyclic AMP C209 209 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance ATP C0001480 adenosine triphosphate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045009]]> Adenosine Triphosphate SY NCI]]> ATP PT NCI]]> ATP PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044749]]> NCI-GLOSS Adenosine triphosphate. A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA. ATP made in the laboratory is being studied in patients with advanced solid tumors to see if it can decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength.]]> Adenosine Triphosphate MSH2002_06_01 An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.]]> NCI-GLOSS ATP. A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA. ATP made in the laboratory is being studied in patients with advanced solid tumors to see if it can decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength.]]> NCI Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. (MSH98)]]> ATP C210 210 primitive C0001551 Pharmacologic Substance Immunoadjuvant immunological adjuvant PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000043987]]> Immunoadjuvant PT NCI]]> Immunologic Adjuvants SY NCI]]> NCI Adjuvants are mostly pharmacological agents of drug or biological origin used to modify the antigenicity of immunization components, i.e., to stimulate, potentiate, or depress the immune response or to inhibit or enhance specific subclasses of immunocytes. Adjuvants augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. Classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum) contain bacterial antigens. Some adjuvants are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. Since adjuvants enhance the body's immune response, they can be considered a type of immune modulator.]]> Adjuvants, Immunologic SY NCI]]> immune adjuvant PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044883]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that stimulates the immune system to respond to disease.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.]]> Immunologic Adjuvants Adjuvants, Immunologic Immunologic Adjuvant NCI-GLOSS A substance used to help boost the immune response to a vaccine so that less vaccine is needed.]]> CSP2002 agents of both drug and biological origin often used in immunotherapy to stimulate, potentiate, or depress the immune response; also used to inhibit or enhance specific subclasses of immunocytes.]]> Immunoadjuvant C211 211 primitive Corticosteroid (Therapeutic) Steroid Hormone C0001617 Pharmacologic Substance corticosteroids PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045658]]> Corticosteroids SY NCI]]> Corticosteroid (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Hormones that have antitumor activity in lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias; in addition, corticosteroids (steroids) may be used for hormone replacement and for the management of some of the complications of cancer and its treatment.]]> Corticosteroids Corticosteroid (Therapeutic) C212 212 primitive Corticotropin (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0001655 Corticotropin SY NCI]]> Adrenocorticotropin SY NCI]]> Corticotropin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> ACTH (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Acthar SY DTP NSC0025934]]> Acthar BR NCI]]> Adrenocorticotropic Hormone SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Pituitary hormone that stimulates the secretion of adrenal cortical steroids and induces growth of the adrenal cortex. It is also present in human female urine and in the serum of pregnant mares. The substance is a single-chain polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, the first 24 of which are identical in all species. This 24-amino acid segment is said to be responsible for the biological activity of the peptide while the remaining 15-amino acid segment is said to be necessary for any immunological specificity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Adrenocorticotropin ACTH (therapeutic) Acthar Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Corticotropin Corticotropin (Therapeutic) C213 213 primitive C0001734 Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Aflatoxin aflatoxins PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046206]]> Aflatoxin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of closely related toxic metabolites that are designated mycotoxins. They are produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.]]> NCI-GLOSS (AF-la-TOK-sins) Harmful substances made by certain types of mold (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) that are often found on poorly stored grains and nuts. Consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins is a risk factor for primary liver cancer.]]> Aflatoxin C214 214 primitive C0001924 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Albumin Albumin PT NCI]]> ALB AB CADSR]]> NCI-GLOSS The main protein in blood plasma. Low levels of serum albumin occur in people with malnutrition, inflammation, and serious liver and kidney disease.]]> Albumin MQ CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.]]> ALB CSP2002 family of globular proteins found in many plant and animal tissues that tend to bind a wide variety of ligands.]]> Albumin C215 215 primitive C0001927 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Albuterol Ventolin BR NCI]]> Albuterol PT NCI]]> Proventil BR NCI]]> Proventil Ventolin MSH2002_06_01 A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in ASTHMA.]]> Albuterol C216 216 primitive Ethanol Pharmacologic Substance 4 Organic Chemical C0001962 C2442 Ethanol PT NCI]]> Absolute ethanol SY DTP NSC0085228]]> ABSOLUTE ETHANOL PT NCI]]> NCI A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.]]> ETHANOL SY DTP NSC0085228]]> MSH2002_06_01 A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.]]> ABSOLUTE ETHANOL Absolute ethanol ETHANOL Ethanol C217 217 primitive C0001963 Methanol Organic Chemical Methanol PT NCI]]> METHANOL SY DTP NSC0085232]]> NCI Methyl alcohol; wood alcohol. Used as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Component of deicing mixtures and preservatives. Toxic.]]> METHANOL MSH2002_06_01 A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.]]> Methanol C218 218 primitive Alcohol [Chemical Class] Pharmacologic Substance C0001975 Organic Chemical Alcohol [Chemical Class] PT NCI]]> NCI One of a series of organic chemical compounds of the formula ROH in which a hydrogen (H) attached to carbon is replaced by a hydroxyl (OH).]]> CSP2002 compounds of the type ROH; do not confuse with ETHANOL, the specific alcohol found in intoxicating beverages.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Alcohol [Chemical Class] C219 219 primitive C0002006 Aldosterone Steroid Hormone Pharmacologic Substance Aldosterone PT NCI]]> (+)-Aldosterone SY DTP NSC0073856]]> MSH2002_06_01 A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.]]> (+)-Aldosterone Aldosterone C220 220 primitive Alfentanil Hydrochloride Pharmacologic Substance C0002025 Organic Chemical Rapifen FB NCI]]> Alfentanil Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> NCI a narcotic analgesic]]> Alfenta BR NCI]]> Alfenta Rapifen Alfentanil Hydrochloride C221 221 primitive C0002062 Alkaloid Organic Chemical alkaloid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000043994]]> Alkaloid PT NCI]]> NCI Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (MSH99)]]> Alkaloids PT RAEB-2]]> NCI-GLOSS A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer.]]> Alkaloids MSH2002_06_01 Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> NCI Alkaloids are a group of nitrogen-containing bases. Most of them are drugs. Only a few (like caffeine) are derived from purines or pyrimidines, while the large majority is produced from amino acids.]]> Alkaloid C222 222 primitive Alkylsulfonate Compound Chemical Viewed Structurally C0002072 Sulfonates SY NCI]]> Alkylsulfonate Compound PT NCI]]> Alkyl Sulfonates SY NCI]]> Alkanesulfonates SY NCI]]> Alkyl Sulfonates Alkanesulfonates Sulfonates CSP2002 any compound of the type R-SO3-.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.]]> Alkylsulfonate Compound C223 223 primitive Alkylating Agent Pharmacologic Substance C0002073 alkylating agents PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045589]]> Alkylating Agent PT NCI]]> Alkylator SY NCI]]> NCI Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.]]> Alkylating Agents Alkylator MSH2002_06_01 Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.]]> NCI-GLOSS A family of anticancer drugs that interferes with the cell's DNA and inhibits cancer cell growth.]]> Alkylating Agent C224 224 primitive Allopurinol 1390 C0002144 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance allopurinol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045052]]> Zyloric SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Zyloric FB NCI]]> Xanturat SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Urosin SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Riball FB NCI]]> Suspendol FB NCI]]> Urbol FB NCI]]> Uricemil FB NCI]]> Ketanrift FB NCI]]> Hexanurat FB NCI]]> Hamarin FB NCI]]> HPP AB NCI]]> Gichtex FB NCI]]> Geapur SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Geapur FB NCI]]> Uripurinol FB NCI]]> Uricemil SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Nektrohan FB NCI]]> Monarch FB NCI]]> Miniplanor FB NCI]]> Lysuron FB NCI]]> Lopurin SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Lopurin BR NCI]]> Ledopur FB NCI]]> Ketobun-A SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Ketobun-A FB NCI]]> Apurol FB NCI]]> Apurin FB NCI]]> Apulonga FB NCI]]> Anzief SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Anzief FB NCI]]> Anoprolin SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Anoprolin FB NCI]]> Alositol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Remid FB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that lowers high levels of uric acid (a byproduct of metabolism) in the blood caused by some cancer treatments.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.]]> Urtias FB NCI]]> Urosin FB NCI]]> Foligan SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Foligan FB NCI]]> Epidropal SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Epidropal FB NCI]]> Embarin SY DTP NSC0001390]]> HPP Gichtex Geapur Foligan Epidropal Embarin Urtias Urosin Uripurinol 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pryimidin-4-one Zyloric Zyloprim Xanturat Remid Nektrohan Monarch Miniplanor Caplenal BW-56158 Bleminol Bloxanth Cellidrin BW 56158 Apurin Apulonga Anzief Anoprolin Alositol Aloral Allural Allozym Allo-Puren Adenock 4-Hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Lysuron Lopurin Ledopur Ketobun-A Dabroson Ketanrift Hexanurat Hamarin Uricemil Urbol Takanarumin Suspendol Sigapurol Riball Apurol Cosuric Embarin FB NCI]]> Dabroson FB NCI]]> Cosuric FB NCI]]> Cellidrin FB NCI]]> Caplenal FB NCI]]> Bloxanth SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Bloxanth FB NCI]]> Bleminol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Bleminol FB NCI]]> BW-56158 CN NCI]]> BW 56158 SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Alositol FB NCI]]> Aloral FB NCI]]> Allural FB NCI]]> Allozym FB NCI]]> Allopurinol PT NCI]]> Allo-Puren FB NCI]]> Adenock FB NCI]]> 4-Hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine SY NCI]]> 4-Hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine SY DTP NSC0001390]]> 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol SY NCI]]> 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pryimidin-4-one SY NCI]]> Apurol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Urbol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Takanarumin FB NCI]]> Sigapurol AQ NCI]]> Uripurinol SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Xanturat FB NCI]]> Zyloprim SY DTP NSC0001390]]> Zyloprim BR NCI]]> Allopurinol C225 225 primitive C0002199 Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Interferon Alfa (Therapeutic) Lymphoblastoid Interferon SY NCI]]> Leukocyte Interferon Lymphoblast Interferon Ginterferon Altemol Alpha Interferon Alferon N Alfa-N3 Interferon AFN G-Interferon Lymphoblastoid Interferon CSP2002 major interferon produced by virus-exposed leukocytes; has antiviral activity and activates NK cells; used in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and other neoplasms.]]> MSH2002_06_01 One of the type I interferons (INTERFERON TYPE I) produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells.]]> NCI One of the type I interferons (INTERFERON TYPE I) produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, causes activation of NK cells. It is used experimentally in the treatment of hairy-cell leukemia. (MSH98)]]> Alpha Interferon SY NCI]]> Alferon N BR NCI]]> AFN AB CADSR]]> Alfa-N3 Interferon SY NCI]]> G-Interferon SY NCI]]> Ginterferon SY NCI]]> Interferon Alfa (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Alpha Interferon OC CADSR]]> Altemol FB NCI]]> Leukocyte Interferon SY NCI]]> Lymphoblast Interferon SY NCI]]> Interferon Alfa (Therapeutic) C226 226 primitive 337250 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0002260 Eflornithine eflornithine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045255]]> NCI-GLOSS DFMO. An anticancer drug that has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer in animals.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antiprotozoal drug that is being studied for cancer prevention.]]> NCI-GLOSS Difluoromethylornithine. An anticancer drug that has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer in animals.]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Colorectal (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Cervix RMI 71782 SY NCI]]> RMI-71782 CN NCI]]> difluoromethylornithine SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045984]]> Eflornithine PT NCI]]> RMI 71782 Difluoromethylornithine DFMO Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine 2-(Difluoromethyl)-DL-ornithine EFLORNITHINE (DFMO ORNIDYL) RMI-71782 MSH2002_06_01 An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.]]> DFMO AB NCI]]> 2-(Difluoromethyl)-DL-ornithine SY NCI]]> Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine SY NCI]]> Difluoromethylornithine SY NCI]]> DFMO PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044390]]> DFMO PT NCI]]> EFLORNITHINE (DFMO ORNIDYL) PT NCI]]> Eflornithine C227 227 primitive Alprazolam Pharmacologic Substance C0002333 Organic Chemical Xanax BR NCI]]> Apo-Alpzar Nu-Alpraz FB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and in generalized anxiety disorder. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)]]> CSP2002 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-s-triazolobenzodiazepin e, has both antidepressant and anxiolytic properties; possible efficacy in alcohol withdrawal therapy; abuse can lead to habituation or addication.]]> Nu-Alpraz Xanax Apo-Alpzar FB NCI]]> Alprazolam PT NCI]]> Alprazolam C228 228 primitive Alum Adjuvant Pharmacologic Substance 664400 C2454 C0002371 Inorganic Chemical alum PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044886]]> Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide MSH2002_06_01 A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.]]> Aluminum hydroxide SY DTP NSC0664400]]> Aluminum Hydroxide PT NCI]]> Alum Adjuvant PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A type of immune adjuvant (a substance used to help boost the immune response to a vaccine). Also called aluminum sulfate.]]> Alum Adjuvant C229 229 primitive Americium Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0002467 Element, Ion, or Isotope Americium PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.]]> NCI A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy. (MSH2001)]]> Americium C230 230 primitive C0002499 Amikacin Antibiotic Carbohydrate amikacin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045174]]> Amikacin Sulfate Amikin MSH2002_06_01 A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and ototoxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called aminoglycoside antibiotics.]]> Amikacin Sulfate SY NCI]]> Amikacin PT NCI]]> Amikacin SY DTP NSC0177001]]> Amikin BR NCI]]> Amikacin C231 231 primitive Amino Acid C0002520 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Amino Acid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.]]> NCI Organic compounds containing amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. In biochemistry, used to refer to the twenty-plus L-alpha-amino acids found in proteins.]]> Amino Acid C232 232 primitive C0002526 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Classification Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.]]> Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C233 233 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0002555 Aminoglutethimide aminoglutethimide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045170]]> Mamomit FB NCI]]> Elipten SY DTP NSC0330915]]> Ba-16038 SY DTP NSC0330915]]> 3-Ethyl-3-(p-aminophenyl)-2,6-dioxopiperidine SY NCI]]> Aminoglutethimid SY NCI]]> BA-16038 CN NCI]]> Elipten SY NCI]]> Orimetene FB NCI]]> 2-(p-Aminophenyl)-2-ethylglutarimide Orimetene Rodazol MSH2002_06_01 An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of "medical" adrenalectomy by blocking the production of adrenal steroids. It also blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide has been used in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancer. It was formerly used for its weak anticonvulsant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p454)]]> CSP2002 USP lists as an antineoplastic and an "adrenocortical suppressant."]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. Aminoglutethimide is used to decrease the production of sex hormones (estrogen or testosterone) and suppress the growth of tumors that need sex hormones to grow.]]> Rodazol FB NCI]]> Orimenten SY NCI]]> Orimeten FB NCI]]> Mamomit Elipten Cytadren Ba-16038 BA-16038 Aminoglutethimid Aminoblastin 3-Ethyl-3-(p-aminophenyl)-2,6-dioxopiperidine 3-(4-Aminophenyl)-3-ethyl-2,6-piperidinedione Orimeten Orimenten NSC-330915 NSC-330915 CN NCI]]> Cytadren BR NCI]]> Aminoglutethimide SY DTP NSC0330915]]> Aminoblastin FB NCI]]> 3-(4-Aminophenyl)-3-ethyl-2,6-piperidinedione SY NCI]]> 2-(p-Aminophenyl)-2-ethylglutarimide SY NCI]]> 2-(p-Aminophenyl)-2-ethylglutarimide SY DTP NSC0330915]]> Aminoglutethimide C234 234 primitive Aminolevulinic Acid Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0002563 d-Amino-Levulinic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-Aminolevulinic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoic Acid 5-ALA Delta Aminolevulinic Acid d-Amino-Levulinic Acid MSH2002_06_01 A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used in photodynamic therapy that is absorbed by tumor cells; when exposed to light, it becomes active and kills the cancer cells.]]> aminolevulinic acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045532]]> Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid SY NCI]]> Aminolevulinic Acid PT NCI]]> Levulan Kerastick Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Amino-Levulinic Acid 5-Aminolevulinic Acid 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-ALA AB NCI]]> Levulan Kerastick BR NCI]]> Delta Aminolevulinic Acid SY NCI]]> Amino-Levulinic Acid SY NCI]]> Aminolevulinic Acid C235 235 primitive C0002583 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Aminopterin aminopterin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045171]]> Aminopterin SY DTP NSC0000739]]> Aminopterin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> Aminopterin Sodium SY NCI]]> APGA AB NCI]]> 4-Aminopteroylglutamic Acid SY NCI]]> 4-Aminofolic Acid SY NCI]]> 4-Aminofolic acid SY DTP NSC0000739]]> 4-Aminopteroylglutamic acid SY DTP NSC0000739]]> APGA SY DTP NSC0000739]]> Aminopteroylglutamic Acid Aminopterin Sodium APGA 4-Aminopteroylglutamic Acid 4-Aminofolic Acid NSC-739 NSC-739 CN NCI]]> Aminopteroylglutamic Acid SY NCI]]> Aminopterin C236 236 primitive Amiodarone C0002598 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Amiodarone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.]]> CSP2002 2-butyl-3-(3,5-diiodo-4-beta diethylaminoethoxybenzoyl) benzofuran; coronary vasodilator used as an antiarrhythmic; severe risk of pulmonary and hepatic toxicity via disruption of lysosomal function; also has amphiphilic phototoxin properties.]]> Amiodarone C237 237 primitive Organic Chemical C0002645 Amoxicillin Antibiotic amoxicillin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045451]]> Amoxil SY DTP NSC0277174]]> Trimox BR NCI]]> Amoxil Trimox Polymox Utimox Wymox MSH2002_06_01 A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called penicillins or penicillin derivatives.]]> NCI p-hydroxyampicillin; (2S-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta(S*)))-6-((Amino(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl) amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo (3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to ampicillin except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. (from MSH98)]]> Polymox BR NCI]]> Amoxicillin PT NCI]]> Wymox BR NCI]]> Utimox BR NCI]]> Amoxil BR NCI]]> Amoxicillin C238 238 primitive C0002679 Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate Antibiotic Amphotercin B amphotericin B PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045173]]> Amphotericin b SY DTP NSC0527017]]> Amphotercin B PT NCI]]> Fungizone MSH2002_06_01 Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antifungal drug used to treat infection.]]> Amphocil BR NCI]]> AmB AB NCI]]> AMPHOTERICIN B SY DTP NSC0527017]]> Amphotec BR NCI]]> Fungizone BR NCI]]> Amphotercin-B SY NCI]]> Amphotec Amphocil AmB Amphotercin B deoxycholate Amphotercin-B Amphotericin B Amphotercin B deoxycholate SY NCI]]> Fungizone SY DTP NSC0527017]]> Amphotercin B C239 239 primitive Organic Chemical C0002680 Ampicillin Antibiotic Ampicillin PT NCI]]> NCI 6-((Aminophenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.]]> Ampicillin C240 240 primitive C0002699 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Amsacrine m-AMSA SY DTP NSC0249992]]> NSC-249992 CN NCI]]> SN-11841 CN NCI]]> Amsa P-D Acridinyl Anisidide 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m-anisidide AMSA Amekrin Amsidine CI-880 Lamasine SN 11841 N-[4-(9-Acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide Cain's Acridine Amsidyl NSC-249992 SN-11841 m-AMSA NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects.]]> NCI m-AMSA, meta-AMSA. N-(4-(9-Acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide. DNA-intercalating aminoacridine derivative. Inhibits Topoisomerase II action and is used as an antineoplastic agent.]]> amsacrine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045172]]> m-AMSA AB NCI]]> Amsidine FB NCI]]> Amsacrine SY DTP NSC0249992]]> Amsacrine PT NCI]]> Amsa P-D BR NCI]]> Amekrin FB NCI]]> Acridinyl Anisidide SY NCI]]> AMSA AB NCI]]> 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m-anisidide SY NCI]]> SN 11841 SY DTP NSC0156303]]> N-[4-(9-Acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide SY NCI]]> Amsidyl FB NCI]]> CI-880 CN NCI]]> Lamasine FB NCI]]> Cain's Acridine SY NCI]]> Amsidine SY DTP NSC0249992]]> Amsacrine C241 241 primitive C0002771 Analgesic Agent Pharmacologic Substance analgesics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045590]]> Analgesics SY NCI]]> Analgesics OC CADSR]]> Analgesic Agent PT NCI]]> Anodynes SY NCI]]> ANALS AB CADSR]]> Analgesic Drugs SY NCI]]> Antinociceptive Agents SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anesthesia.]]> Analgesics ANALS Analgesic Drugs Anodynes Antinociceptive Agents NCI-GLOSS Drugs that reduce pain. These drugs include aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen.]]> Analgesic Agent C242 242 primitive Anti-Androgen Pharmacologic Substance C0002842 antiandrogens PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046052]]> Androgen Antagonists SY NCI]]> Anti-Androgen PT NCI]]> Antiandrogen Agents SY NCI]]> NCI Substances that inhibit or antagonize the biologic effects of androgens by either antagonizing the responsiveness of androgen sensitive tissues or competing with their binding sites.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.]]> Anti-Androgen Agents Androgen Antagonists Antiandrogen Agents Antiandrogens NCI-GLOSS (an-tee-AN-dro-jens) Drugs used to block the production or interfere with the action of male sex hormones.]]> Anti-Androgen Agents SY NCI]]> Antiandrogens SY NCI]]> Anti-Androgen C243 243 primitive C0002844 Androgen (Therapeutic) Steroid Hormone Pharmacologic Substance androgens PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045592]]> Androgen (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth. (MSH98)]]> Androgens SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (AN-dro-jens) A family of hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics.]]> Androgens MSH2002_06_01 A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of the secondary male sex characteristics, sperm induction, and sexual differentiation. In addition to increasing virility and libido, they also increase nitrogen and water retention and stimulate skeletal growth.]]> Androgen (Therapeutic) C244 244 primitive Androstenedione (Therapeutic) Steroid C0002860 Pharmacologic Substance Delta-4-Androstenedione SY NCI]]> Androstenedione (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> 4-Androstene-3,17-dione SY NCI]]> 4-Androstene-3,17-dione Delta-4-Androstenedione MSH2002_06_01 A steroid with androgenic properties that is produced in the TESTIS, OVARY, and ADRENAL CORTEX. It is a precursor to TESTOSTERONE and other androgenic hormones.]]> Androstenedione (Therapeutic) C245 245 primitive C0002932 Anesthetic Agent Pharmacologic Substance anesthetics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046051]]> Anesthetic Drugs SY NCI]]> Anesthestics SY NCI]]> Anesthetic Agent PT NCI]]> Anesthestics Anesthestic Drugs Anesthetics MSH2002_06_01 Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.]]> NCI-GLOSS (an-es-THET-iks) Substances that cause loss of feeling or awareness. Local anesthetics cause loss of feeling in a part of the body. General anesthetics put the person to sleep.]]> Anesthetic Agent C246 246 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Anethole Trithione C0002937 Organic Chemical anetholtrithione PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045559]]> Trithioanethol SY NCI]]> Trithio FB NCI]]> Trithio-p-methoxyphenylpropene SY NCI]]> 3-(p-Anisyl)-4,5-dithiacyclopent-2-ene-1-thione SY NCI]]> 3-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dithiacyclopent-2-ene-1-thione SY NCI]]> 5-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dithiacyclopent-4-ene-3-thione SY NCI]]> Anethole Trithione PT NCI]]> Felviten FB NCI]]> Tiotrifar Trithioanethol NCI-GLOSS A drug that may reduce the risk of development or progression of cancer.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.]]> NCI non-classical folate antagonist, is a synthetic inhibitor of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase]]> Tiotrifar FB NCI]]> Sufralem FB NCI]]> Mucinol FB NCI]]> Heporal FB NCI]]> Sialor (p-Methoxyphenyl)trithiopropene Heporal Felviten Anetholtrithione 5-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione 5-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dithiacyclopent-4-ene-3-thione 3-(p-Methoxyphenyl)trithione 3-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dithiacyclopent-2-ene-1-thione 3-(p-Anisyl)trithione 3-(p-Anisyl)-4,5-dithiacyclopent-2-ene-1-thione Mucinol Sufralem Trithio-p-methoxyphenylpropene Trithio Sulfarlem Anetholtrithione SY NCI]]> 5-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione SY NCI]]> 3-(p-Methoxyphenyl)trithione SY NCI]]> 3-(p-Anisyl)trithione SY NCI]]> (p-Methoxyphenyl)trithiopropene SY NCI]]> Sialor FB NCI]]> Sulfarlem FB NCI]]> Anethole Trithione C247 247 primitive ACE Inhibitor Pharmacologic Substance C0003015 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor SY NCI]]> Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor CSP2002 class of antihypertensive agents which act by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of angiotensin.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.]]> ACE Inhibitor PT NCI]]> ACE Inhibitor C248 248 primitive Angiotensin Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine C0003018 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Angiotensin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Oligopeptides ranging in size from angiotensin precursors with 14 amino acids to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II with 8 amino acids, or their analogs or derivatives. The amino acid content varies with the species and changes in that content produce antagonistic or inactive compounds.]]> CSP2002 angiotensin I, an inactive decapeptide, is cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme to form the octapeptide angiotensin II, a powerful vasopressor, which is then cleaved to the heptapeptide angiotensin III, an aldosterone stimulant.]]> Angiotensin C249 249 primitive Aniline Mustard C0003040 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance phenylbis[2-chloroethylamine] SY NCI]]> mesylerythrol SY NCI]]> TL 476 CN NCI]]> NSC-18429 SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Lymphocin SY NCI]]> A 14489 CN NCI]]> .beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethylaniline SY DTP NSC0018429]]> NSC-18429 CN NCI]]> N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzenamine SY NCI]]> N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline SY NCI]]> N, N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Mesylerythrol SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Lymphoquin SY NCI]]> Lymphoquin SY DTP NSC0018429]]> N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzenamine Phenylbis(2-chloroethylamine) phenylbis[2-chloroethylamine] MSH2002_06_01 Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.]]> NCI An antineoplastic alkylating agent]]> TL 476 SY DTP NSC0018429]]> SK 592 SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Phenylbis(2-chloroethylamine) SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Lymphochin SY NCI]]> Lymphochin SY DTP NSC0018429]]> CB 1074 SY DTP NSC0018429]]> CB 1074 CN NCI]]> Benzenamine, N, N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-(9CI) SY NCI]]> Benzenamine, N, N-bis(2-chloroethyl)- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Aniline mustard SY DTP NSC0018429]]> Aniline Mustard PT NCI]]> A 14489 SY DTP NSC0018429]]> beta, beta'-dichlorodiethylaniline TL 476 mesylerythrol SK 592 NSC-18429 N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline Mesylerythrol Lymphocin Lymphochin CB 1074 Benzenamine, N, N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-(9CI) Benzenamine, N, N-bis(2-chloroethyl)- (9CI) Aniline mustard A 14489 .beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethylaniline Lymphoquin N, N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline Lymphocin SY DTP NSC0018429]]> SK 592 CN NCI]]> beta, beta'-dichlorodiethylaniline SY NCI]]> Aniline Mustard C250 250 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0003158 Antihelminthic Agent Vermifuges SY NCI]]> Antihelminthic Agent PT NCI]]> Antihelminthics SY NCI]]> Vermifuges Antihelminthics Antihelminthic Drugs MSH2002_06_01 Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.]]> Antihelminthic Drugs SY NCI]]> Antihelminthic Agent C251 251 primitive Anthracene C0003163 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Anthracene PT NCI]]> ANTHRACENE SY DTP NSC0007958]]> NCI Anthracene. Hydrocarbon parent compound that consists of three ortho-fused benzene rings in a straight linear arrangement. (from IUPAC)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A family of aromatic hydrocarbons derived from coal tar distillation.]]> ANTHRACENE Anthracene C252 252 primitive Organic Chemical C0003167 Anthramycin Antibiotic Anthramycin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A broad-spectrum spectrum antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces refuineus var. thermotolerans. It has low toxicity, some activity against Trichomonas and Endamoeba, and inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis. It binds irreversibly to DNA.]]> Anthramycin C253 253 primitive C0003174 Anthraquinone Compound Antibiotic Organic Chemical anthraquinones PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045595]]> Anthracenediones Anthraquinone Anthracenedione Anthraquinones Anthracenedione SY NCI]]> ANTHRAQUINONE SY DTP NSC0007957]]> NCI-GLOSS A subgroup of the family of anticancer drugs called anticancer antibiotics.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anthracene ring which contains two ketone moieties in any position. Can be substituted in any position except on the ketone groups.]]> NCI-GLOSS A family of anticancer drugs.]]> Anthraquinone Compound PT NCI]]> anthracenediones SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045594]]> Anthraquinone Compound C254 254 primitive C0003204 Pharmacologic Substance Anti-Infective Agent AntiInfectives SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective Drugs Anti-Infective Agents Anti-Infectives AntiInfective Agents AntiInfective Drugs AntiInfectives MSH2002_06_01 Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.]]> AntiInfective Drugs SY NCI]]> AntiInfective Agents SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective Drugs SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective Agent PT NCI]]> Anti-Infectives SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective Agents SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective Agent C255 255 primitive C0003207 Pharmacologic Substance Urinary Anti-Infective Agent Urinary Anti-Infective Agent PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.]]> Urinary Anti-Infective Agent C256 256 primitive Anti-Inflammatory Agent Pharmacologic Substance Antiinflammatory Drugs SY NCI]]> Anti-Inflammatory Drugs SY NCI]]> Antiinflammatory Agents SY NCI]]> Anti-Inflammatories SY NCI]]> Unneeded header Anti-Inflammatory Agent PT NCI]]> Antiinflammatories SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that reduce or suppress inflammation.]]> Antiinflammatory Agents Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Anti-Inflammatories Antiinflammatories Antiinflammatory Drugs Anti-Inflammatory Agent C257 257 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug C0003211 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044481]]> NSAID NSAID AB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A group of drugs that decrease fever, swelling, pain, and redness.]]> NCI-GLOSS NSAIDs. A group of drugs that decrease fever, swelling, pain, and redness.]]> NSAIDs MSH2002_06_01 Anti-inflammatory agents that are not steroids. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They are used primarily in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions and certain soft tissue disorders associated with pain and inflammation. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects. Certain NSAIDs also may inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes or phospholipase C or may modulate T-cell function. (AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p 1814-5)]]> NSAIDs PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045807]]> Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug PT NCI]]> Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug C258 258 primitive C0003232 Antibiotic Antibiotic antibiotic PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045967]]> Antibiotic Agents Antibacterial Agent Antibiotic Drugs Antibiotic Drugs SY NCI]]> Antibacterial Agent SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (an-tih-by-AH-tik) A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms.]]> Antibiotics MSH2002_06_01 Substances produced by microorganisms that can inhibit or suppress the growth of other microorganisms.]]> Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Antibiotic Agents SY NCI]]> Antibiotic C259 259 primitive C0003236 Antibiotic Antineoplastic Antibiotic antitumor antibiotics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044488]]> Antitumor Antibiotics Antitumor Antibiotic Chemotherapy, Cancer, Antibiotics NCI-GLOSS A group of anticancer drugs that block cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells. Also called anticancer antibiotics or antitumor antibiotics.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms.]]> NCI-GLOSS A group of anticancer drugs that block cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells. Also called anticancer antibiotics or antineoplastic antibiotics.]]> NCI-GLOSS A group of anticancer drugs that block cell growth by interfering with DNA, the genetic material in cells. Also called antitumor antibiotics or antineoplastic antibiotics.]]> NCI RAEB: Use of substances produced by microorganisms (or synthetic forms of such substances) to treat neoplasia.]]> Antitumor Antibiotics SY NCI]]> Anticancer Antibiotics Anticancer Antibiotic Antineoplastic Antibiotics Chemotherapy, Antibiotics anticancer antibiotics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046080]]> Chemotherapy, Antibiotics SY RAEB-2]]> Antitumor Antibiotic SY NCI]]> Antineoplastic Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Anticancer Antibiotic SY NCI]]> antineoplastic antibiotics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045598]]> Chemotherapy, Cancer, Antibiotics SY NCI]]> Antineoplastic Antibiotic C260 260 primitive Antibiotic Beta-Lactam Antibiotic C0003239 Lactam Antibiotics SY NCI]]> Beta-Lactam Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Lactam Antibiotics MSH2002_06_01 Compounds containing a four-membered ring with an amide nitrogen and a keto group. This configuration includes bacteriostatic, cell-wall inhibiting antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, their analogs and derivatives, such as the penem (or penam) compounds, clavulanic acids, and monobactams. They are substrates for and may act as inhibitors of bacterial beta-lactamases.]]> Beta-Lactam Antibiotic C261 261 primitive Macrolide Antibiotic Antibiotic C0003240 Organic Chemical Macrolides SY NCI]]> Macrolides MSH2002_06_01 A group of antibiotics containing a macrocyclic lactone ring linked glycosidically to one or more sugar moieties. These antibiotics are produced by certain species of Streptomyces. They often inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunits of 70S ribosomes.]]> Macrolide Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Macrolide Antibiotic C262 262 primitive Monoclonal Antibody (Therapeutic) Biologic Agent Biologic Response Modifier Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure Immunologic Factor Monoclonal Antibody (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> MAb AB NCI]]> Unneeded header NCI An antibody produced by a clone or genetically homogenous population of hybrid cells i.e., hybridoma; hybrid cells are cloned to establish cell lines producing a specific antibody that is chemically and immunologically homogeneous. They are widely used in cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment.]]> Moab, Clinical Treatment SY RAEB-2]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antibodies produced by clones of cells such as those isolated after hybridization of activated B lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. These hybrids are often referred to as hybridomas.]]> Monoclonal Antibodies MAb Moab, Clinical Treatment Unneeded header Monoclonal Antibody (Therapeutic) C263 263 primitive C0003280 Anticoagulant Agent Pharmacologic Substance blood thinner PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044371]]> Anticoagulant Drugs SY NCI]]> Anticoagulants SY NCI]]> Anticoagulant Agent PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner.]]> Anticoagulant ACOAG Anticoagulant Drugs Anticoagulants NCI-GLOSS A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called an anticoagulant.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents that prevent blood clotting. Naturally occurring agents in the blood are included only when they are used as drugs.]]> ACOAG AB CADSR]]> anticoagulant PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046082]]> Anticoagulant MQ CADSR]]> Anticoagulant Agent C264 264 primitive C0003286 Pharmacologic Substance Anticonvulsant Agent anticonvulsants PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046083]]> Anticonvulsant Drugs SY NCI]]> Anticonvulsant Agent PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (an-tee-kon-VUL-sants) Drugs that prevent, reduce, or stop convulsions or seizures.]]> Anticonvulsants Anticonvulsant Drugs MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.]]> NCI Medicine to stop, prevent, or control seizures (convulsions).]]> Anticonvulsants SY NCI]]> Anticonvulsant Agent C265 265 primitive Antidepressant Agent C0003289 Pharmacologic Substance antidepressant PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044105]]> Antidepressant Agent PT NCI]]> Antidepressant SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat depression.]]> Antidepressants Antidepressant Antidepressant Drugs MSH2002_06_01 Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.]]> Antidepressants SY NCI]]> Antidepressant Drugs SY NCI]]> Antidepressant Agent C266 266 primitive Antidiarrheal Agent Pharmacologic Substance C0003292 Antidiarrheas SY NCI]]> Antidiarrhea Drugs SY NCI]]> Antidiarrheal Agent PT NCI]]> Antidiarrheal Drugs SY NCI]]> Antidiarrheas Antidiarrhea Agents Antidiarrhea Drugs Antidiarrheal Drugs Antidiarrheals MSH2002_06_01 Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent(s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition.]]> Antidiarrheals SY NCI]]> Antidiarrhea Agents SY NCI]]> Antidiarrheal Agent C267 267 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Antiemetic Agent C0003297 antiemetics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046084]]> Antiemetic AEM Antiemetic Drugs Antiemetics AEM AB CADSR]]> Antiemetic Drugs SY NCI]]> Antiemetics SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used to prevent nausea or vomiting. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary contol centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors.]]> NCI-GLOSS Drugs that prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.]]> Antiemetic Agent PT NCI]]> Antiemetic MQ CADSR]]> Antiemetic Agent C268 268 primitive C0003320 Immunologic Factor Antigen antigens PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046086]]> ATGN Antigens NCI-GLOSS Substances that cause the immune system to make a specific immune response.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.]]> NCI Any substance that appears foreign or potentially adverse to the body and elicits immune response.]]> Antigen PT NCI]]> ATGN AB CADSR]]> Antigen OC CADSR]]> Antigen C269 269 primitive Immunologic Factor C0003339 Cell Surface Antigen Cell Surface Antigen PT NCI]]> Cell Surface Antigens MSH2002_06_01 Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.]]> NCI Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.]]> Cell Surface Antigen C270 270 primitive Antihypertensive Agent Pharmacologic Substance Hypotensives SY NCI]]> Hypotensive Drugs SY NCI]]> Antihypertensives SY NCI]]> Antihypertensive Agent SY NCI]]> Unneeded header Hypotensive Agents Hypotensive Drugs Antihypertensives Antihypertensive Agent Antihypertensive Drugs Hypotensives Unneeded header MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE), ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.]]> Antihypertensive Agent PT NCI]]> Hypotensive Agents SY NCI]]> Antihypertensive Drugs SY NCI]]> Antihypertensive Agent C271 271 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0003374 Antimalarial Agent Antimalarials SY NCI]]> Antimalarial Drugs Antimalarials MSH2002_06_01 Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)]]> Antimalarial Drugs SY NCI]]> Antimalarial Agent PT NCI]]> Antimalarial Agent C272 272 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0003376 Antimetabolite antimetabolite PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045152]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that is very similar to natural chemicals in a normal biochemical reaction in cells but different enough to interfere with the normal division and functions of cells.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)]]> Antimetabolites NCI Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)]]> Antimetabolite PT NCI]]> Antimetabolite C273 273 primitive C0003379 Antimitotic Agent Pharmacologic Substance mitotic inhibitors PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046705]]> Mitosis Inhibitor Drugs Mitosis Inhibitors Mitotic Inhibitor Agents Mitotic Inhibitor Drugs Mitosis Inhibitor Agents Antimitotics Antimitotic Drugs Microtubular Function Inhibitors Mitotic Inhibitors NCI-GLOSS Drugs that kill cancer cells by interfering with cell division (mitosis).]]> Mitotic Inhibitor Agents SY NCI]]> Mitosis Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Mitosis Inhibitor Drugs SY NCI]]> Mitosis Inhibitor Agents SY NCI]]> Antimitotics SY NCI]]> Antimitotic Agent PT NCI]]> Microtubular Function Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Antimitotic Drugs SY NCI]]> Mitotic Inhibitor Drugs SY NCI]]> Mitotic Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Antimitotic Agent C274 274 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0003392 Antineoplastic Agent chemotherapeutic agent PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044009]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat cancer.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that blocks the formation of neoplasms (growths that may become cancerous).]]> NCI Agents inhibiting or preventing the growth of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. (MSH98)]]> Chemotherapeutic Agents, Neoplastic Disease SY NCI]]> Cancer Drug SY NCI]]> Antiproliferative Drugs SY NCI]]> Antineoplastics SY NCI]]> Antineoplastic Agent PT NCI]]> Chemotherapeutic Agents, Neoplastic Disease Antiproliferative Drugs Antiproliferative Agents Antineoplastics Antineoplastic Drugs Anti-Tumor Drugs Anti-Tumor Agents Anti-Cancer Agents Cancer Drug Tumor-Specific Treatment Agents Antiproliferative Agents SY NCI]]> Antineoplastic Drugs SY NCI]]> Anti-Tumor Drugs SY NCI]]> Anti-Tumor Agents SY NCI]]> Anti-Cancer Agents SY NCI]]> Tumor-Specific Treatment Agents SY NCI]]> antineoplastic SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044816]]> Antineoplastic Agent C275 275 primitive C0003402 Antioxidant Pharmacologic Substance antioxidant PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000043997]]> Antioxidant PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that prevents damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemicals that often contain oxygen. They are produced when molecules are split to give products that have unpaired electrons. This process is called oxidation.]]> NCI An agent that inhibits oxidation and thus prevents rancidity of oils or fats or the deterioration of other materials through oxidative processes (e.g., ascorbic acid, vitamin E). (STED98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.]]> Antioxidant C276 276 primitive C0003404 Antiparasitic Agent Pharmacologic Substance antiparasitics PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046087]]> Antiparasitics SY NCI]]> Antiparasitic Drugs SY NCI]]> Antiparasitic Agent PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.]]> Antiparasitic Drugs Antiparasitic Antiparasitics NCI-GLOSS Drugs used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections and some cancers.]]> Antiparasitic SY NCI]]> Antiparasitic Agent C277 277 primitive Antiprotozoal Agent C0003416 Pharmacologic Substance Antiprotozoal Drugs SY NCI]]> Antiprotozoal Agent PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that are destructive to protozoans.]]> Antiprotozoal Drugs Antiprotozoal Agent C278 278 primitive C0003442 Antithymocyte Globulin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance antithymocyte globulin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045600]]> ATGAM BR NCI]]> Thymoglobulin BR NCI]]> Antithymocyte Globulin PT NCI]]> Anti-Thymocyte Globulin SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (an-tee-THIGH-mo-site GLOB-yoo-lin) A protein used to reduce the risk of or to treat graft-versus-host disease.]]> ATGAM Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Thymoglobulin Antithymocyte Globulin C279 279 primitive Trichomonacide Agent C0003447 Pharmacologic Substance Trichomonacide Agent PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents used to treat trichomonas infections.]]> Trichomonacide Agent C280 280 primitive C0003448 Pharmacologic Substance Antitubercular Agent antituberculosis PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044106]]> Antitubercular Agent PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Having to do with a drug used to treat tuberculosis.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.]]> Antitubercular Agent C281 281 primitive Antiviral Agent Pharmacologic Substance C0003451 antivirals PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046088]]> Antiviral Antivirals MSH2002_06_01 Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.]]> NCI-GLOSS Drugs used to treat infections caused by viruses.]]> NCI Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. They may act to prevent viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; blocking late stages of virus assembly; etc. (MSH98)]]> Antiviral SY NCI]]> Antivirals SY NCI]]> Antiviral Agent PT NCI]]> Antiviral Agent C282 282 primitive Arachidonic Acid Lipid C0003701 Arachidonic Acid PT NCI]]> Arachidonate SY NCI]]> NCI An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the]]> Arachidonate Arachidonic Acid C283 283 primitive Artificial Sweetener C0003920 Food Artificial Sweetener PT NCI]]> NCI study of artificial sweeteners as potential carcinogens]]> Artificial Sweetener C284 284 primitive Asbestos Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Inorganic Chemical C0003947 asbestos PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046528]]> Asbestos SY RAEB-2]]> Asbestos PT NCI]]> NCI RAEB: Any of various mineral silicates that readily separate into long flexible fibers. Considered an occupational carcinogen. Types of asbestos: amosite, crocidolite, chryosotile.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.]]> NCI-GLOSS (as-BES-tus) A natural material that is made up of tiny fibers. The fibers can cause cancer.]]> Asbestos C285 285 primitive Ascorbic Acid Organic Chemical 33832 Pharmacologic Substance Vitamin C0003968 Vitamin-C SY NCI]]> Vitamin C SY RAEB-2]]> Cevalin SY DTP NSC0033832]]> Cetane BR NCI]]> ASCORBIC ACID SY DTP NSC0033832]]> Ascorbic acid SY DTP NSC0033832]]> C Vitamin SY NCI]]> C-Long SY DTP NSC0033832]]> Cecon SY DTP NSC0033832]]> Vitamin C Vitamin-C MSH2002_06_01 A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.]]> NCI A water-soluble vitamin found in many fruits and vegetables: vitamin C; antiscorbutic vitamin; cevitamic acid; 2,3-didehydro-l-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone. It is present in all animal and higher plant tissues and is required in the diet of human beings. Vitamin deficiency causes scurvy and impairs wound healing. Used in preventing scurvy, as a strong reducing agent, and as an antioxidant in foodstuffs. Use for studies involving not only vitamin C, but its precursors and analogs as well. These studies can involve dietary epidemiology, prevention, therapy, or any other relationship of the vitamin to cancer. (RAEB)]]> Vitamin C SY NCI]]> Vitamin C SY DTP NSC0033832]]> VIT C AB NCI]]> Cevalin BR NCI]]> Cenolate SY DTP NSC0033832]]> VIT C Cetane Cecon C-Long Asorbicap C Vitamin Ce-Vi-Sol Cenolate Cevalin Ce-Vi-Sol SY DTP NSC0033832]]> C-Long FB NCI]]> Asorbicap BR NCI]]> Ascorbic Acid PT NCI]]> Ce-Vi-Sol BR NCI]]> Cecon BR NCI]]> Cenolate BR NCI]]> Ascorbic Acid C286 286 primitive 109229 106977 Asparaginase Enzyme Pharmacologic Substance C0003993 Colaspase SY DTP NSC0174950]]> Asparaginase PT NCI]]> Asparaginase SY DTP NSC0109229]]> Colaspase SY NCI]]> ERWINIA ASPARAGINASE PT NCI]]> Elspar SY DTP NSC0174950]]> Kidrolase FB NCI]]> L-ASP AB NCI]]> L-Asnase BR NCI]]> Leucogen SY DTP NSC0109229]]> Leucogen FB NCI]]> Lcf-ASP AB NCI]]> Laspar FB NCI]]> L-Asparagine amidohydrolase SY DTP NSC0109229]]> L-Asparagine Amidohydrolase SY NCI]]> L-Asparaginase SY NCI]]> L-Asparaginase SY DTP NSC0174950]]> L-Asnase SY DTP NSC0174950]]> asparaginase PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045339]]> Serasa AQ NCI]]> Re-82-TAD-15 CN NCI]]> Paronal FB NCI]]> NSC-109229 (E. coli) CN NCI]]> NSC-106977 (Erwinia) CN NCI]]> MK-965 CN NCI]]> Leunase SY DTP NSC0174950]]> Leunase FB NCI]]> Paronal Re-82-TAD-15 Serasa MSH2002_06_01 A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.]]> NCI-GLOSS An enzyme used in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antineoplastics.]]> NCI Asparaginase; an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of l-asparagine to l-aspartic acid and ammonia. [EC 3.5.1.1 created 1961].]]> Asparaginase Erwinia SY NCI]]> ASP-1 SY NCI]]> Asparaginase II SY NCI]]> L-Asparaginase L-Asnase L-ASPARAGINASE L-ASP Kidrolase Erwinase Elspar ERWINIA ASPARAGINASE E.C. 3.5.1.1 Cristanaspase Crasnitine Colaspase Asparaginase II Asparaginase Erwinia Asparaginase ASP-1 NSC-109229 (E. coli) NSC-106977 (Erwinia) MK-965 Leunase Leucogen Lcf-ASP Laspar L-Asparagine amidohydrolase L-Asparagine Amidohydrolase L-ASPARAGINASE PT NCI]]> Kidrolase SY DTP NSC0109229]]> Erwinase FB NCI]]> Elspar BR NCI]]> E.C. 3.5.1.1 CN NCI]]> Cristanaspase BR NCI]]> Crasnitine FB NCI]]> Asparaginase C287 287 primitive Acetylsalicylic Acid Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0004057 aspirin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045176]]> Measurin SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Measurin BR NCI]]> Extren BR NCI]]> Aspergum BR NCI]]> Aspirin SY NCI]]> Ecotrin SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Empirin SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Entericin SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Aspergum Acetylsalicylic acid ASA Aspirin Empirin Measurin MSH2002_06_01 The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting. Aspirin belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. It is also being studied in cancer prevention.]]> Extren SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Extren Entericin Ecotrin ASA AB NCI]]> Empirin BR NCI]]> Ecotrin BR NCI]]> Aspergum SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Acetylsalicylic acid SY DTP NSC0406186]]> Acetylsalicylic Acid PT NCI]]> Entericin BR NCI]]> Acetylsalicylic Acid C288 288 primitive 102816 Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0004475 C656 Azacitidine azacitidine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045177]]> U-18496 CN NCI]]> Mylosar BR NCI]]> CAS 320-67-2 CN NCI]]> 5-AC AB NCI]]> 5-AZC AB NCI]]> 5-Azacytidine PT NCI]]> Azacitidine PT NCI]]> Ladakamycin SY NCI]]> 5-AC 5 AZC 4-Amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one 5-Azacytidine U-18496 MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: DNA hypomethylating agent; leads to decreased DNA synthesis and protein synthesis]]> NSC-102816 CN NCI]]> Mylosar Azacytidine, 5- CAS 320-67-2 Ladakamycin NSC-102816 Azacytidine 5-Aza-cytidine 5-AZC Azacytidine SY NCI]]> 5-Azacytidine SY DTP NSC0102816]]> 5-Aza-cytidine SY NCI]]> 5-AC SY DTP NSC0102816]]> 5 AZC SY DTP NSC0102816]]> 4-Amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one SY NCI]]> Azacytidine, 5- SY DTP NSC0102816]]> Azacitidine C289 289 primitive Azaserine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0004480 Antibiotic o-Diazoacetyl-L-serine SY DTP NSC0000742]]> P-165 CN NCI]]> Serine Diazoacetate SY NCI]]> P-165 SY DTP NSC0000742]]> O-diazoacetyl-L-serine SY NCI]]> L-serine diazoacetate (ester) SY NCI]]> Azaserine PT NCI]]> CL-337 CN NCI]]> CN-15757 CN NCI]]> L-diazoacetate (ester) serine SY NCI]]> L-Diazoacetate(ester) serine SY DTP NSC0000742]]> L-Azaserine SY NCI]]> L-Azaserine SY DTP NSC0000742]]> Diazoacetylserine SY NCI]]> Diazoacetic Acid Ester with Serine SY NCI]]> Diazoacetate(ester) L-serine SY DTP NSC0000742]]> Diazoacetate (Ester) L-Serine SY NCI]]> Cl 337 SY DTP NSC0000742]]> Diazoacetate (Ester) L-Serine Cl 337 CN-15757 CN 15757 L-diazoacetate (ester) serine o-Diazoacetyl-L-serine MSH2002_06_01 Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.]]> O-Diazoacetyl-L-serine SY DTP NSC0000742]]> NSC-742 CN NCI]]> P-165 NSC-742 O-Diazoacetyl-L-serine O-diazoacetyl-L-serine Serine Diazoacetate L-serine diazoacetate (ester) CL-337 CAS 115-02-6 AZASERINE L-Diazoacetate(ester) serine L-Azaserine Diazoacetylserine Diazoacetic Acid Ester with Serine Diazoacetate(ester) L-serine CN 15757 SY DTP NSC0000742]]> CAS 115-02-6 CN NCI]]> AZASERINE SY DTP NSC0000742]]> NSC-742 SY DTP NSC0000742]]> Azaserine C290 290 primitive C0004482 Azathioprine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Imurel SY DTP NSC0039084]]> Imurel FB NCI]]> AZA AB NCI]]> Azathioprine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Imuran AZA Imurel NCI 6-(1-Methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazolyl)thiopurine; a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine, used as a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as hemolytic anemias, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and leukemias.]]> Imuran SY DTP NSC0039084]]> Imuran BR NCI]]> Azathioprine C291 291 primitive 6-Azauridine Pharmacologic Substance C0004483 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Riboazauracil SY NCI]]> NSC-32074 CN NCI]]> NSC-32074 SY DTP NSC0032074]]> Riboazauracil SY DTP NSC0032074]]> NSC 32074 SY DTP NSC0032074]]> Azauridine SY NCI]]> 6-Azauracil 1-riboside SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 6-Azauracil-.beta.-D-riboside SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 6-Azauridine PT NCI]]> Azauridine SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine riboside SY NCI]]> 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione SY NCI]]> 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H, 4H)-dione SY NCI]]> 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl SY NCI]]> 6-azauracil-.beta.-D-riboside SY NCI]]> 6-azauracil riboside SY NCI]]> 6-azauracil 1-riboside SY NCI]]> 6-Azauridine SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 6-Azauracil riboside 6-Azauracil 1-riboside 3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine riboside 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H, 4H)-dione 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl Azauridine Riboazauracil MSH2002_06_01 A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.]]> NSC-32074 NSC 32074 6-azauracilriboside 6-azauracil-.beta.-D-riboside 6-azauracil riboside 6-azauracil 1-riboside 6-Azauridine 6-Azauracilriboside 6-Azauracil-.beta.-D-riboside 6-Azauracilriboside SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 6-Azauracil riboside SY DTP NSC0032074]]> 6-azauracilriboside SY NCI]]> 6-Azauridine C292 292 primitive C0004496 Ethylenimine Compound Chemical Viewed Structurally Ethylenimine Compound PT NCI]]> Dimethyleneimines SY NCI]]> Aziridines SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Saturated azacyclopropane compounds. Any substitutions on carbon or nitrogen atoms are permitted.]]> Azacyclopropanes SY NCI]]> Dimethyleneimines Azacyclopropanes Aziridines Ethylenimine Compound C293 293 primitive C0004499 Organic Chemical Antibiotic Azlocillin Azlocillin PT NCI]]> Azlin BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.]]> Azlin Azlocillin C294 294 primitive Azoxymethane Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0004519 Organic Chemical Azoxymethane PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.]]> Azoxymethane C295 295 primitive C0004599 Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Bacitracin Bacitracin SY DTP NSC0045737]]> Bacitracin PT NCI]]> BACITRACIN SY DTP NSC0045737]]> MSH2002_06_01 A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)]]> BACITRACIN Bacitracin Bacitracin C296 296 primitive C0004630 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Bacterial Toxin Organic Chemical bacterial toxin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045610]]> Bacterial Toxin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.]]> NCI-GLOSS A toxic substance, made by bacteria, that can be modified to kill specific tumor cells without harming normal cells.]]> Bacterial Toxin Bacterial Toxin C297 297 primitive Batrachotoxin Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0004838 Batrachotoxin PT NCI]]> NCI Batrachotoxins are potent activators of sodium channels identified in extract of frog skins.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Batrachotoxin is the 20-alpha-bromobenzoate of batrachotoxin A; they are toxins from the venom of a small Colombian frog, Phyllobates aurotaenia, cause release of acetylcholine, destruction of synaptic vesicles and depolarization of nerve and muscle fibers.]]> Batrachotoxin C298 298 primitive 116327 Immunologic Factor BCG Vaccine Pharmacologic Substance C0004886 TheraCys BR NCI]]> BCG Live (Intravesicle) SY NCI]]> BCG Vaccine PT NCI]]> BCG(TICE) PT NCI]]> BCG TICE SY DTP NSC0614388]]> Bacille Calmette-Guerin Live SY NCI]]> Cultivo BCG FB NCI]]> Pacis FB NCI]]> Monovax FB NCI]]> BCG(TICE) BCG TICE BCG Live (Intravesicle) TheraCys MSH2002_06_01 An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.]]> TICE BCG BR NCI]]> Pastimmun FB NCI]]> Imovax BCG FB NCI]]> ImmunCyst BR NCI]]> Imovax BCG Oncotice Pacis Pastimmun ImmunCyst Immucyst Cultivo BCG Bacillius Calmette Guerin Vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin Live TICE BCG Monovax Oncotice FB NCI]]> Immucyst FB NCI]]> Bacillius Calmette Guerin Vaccine SY NCI]]> BCG Vaccine C299 299 primitive C0004905 Steroid Beclomethasone Pharmacologic Substance beclomethasone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045204]]> Beclomethasone PT NCI]]> Beclovent BR NCI]]> Vanceril BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of asthma.]]> Beclovent Vancenase Beconase Vanceril NCI-GLOSS A drug being studied in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. It belongs to a family of drugs called corticosteroids.]]> Vancenase BR NCI]]> Beconase BR NCI]]> Beclomethasone C300 300 primitive Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride C0004963 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance SK-Diphenhydramine SY DTP NSC0033299]]> Benadryl BR NCI]]> Bendylate FB NCI]]> Benadryl SY DTP NSC0033299]]> Diphenhydramine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0033299]]> Eldadryl SY DTP NSC0033299]]> SK-Diphenhydramine Eldadryl Diphenhydramine hydrochloride Bendylate Benadryl SK-Diphenhydramine BR NCI]]> Eldadryl FB NCI]]> Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> Bendylate SY DTP NSC0033299]]> Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride C301 301 primitive C0004965 Immunologic Factor Bence Jones Protein Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Bence Jones Protein PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.]]> NCI An abnormal plasma or urinary protein, consisting of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains, excreted in some plasma cell dyscrasias and characterized by its unusual solubility properties. (Dorland, 28th ed, p1368 and p190; Garrison and Morton's Medical Bibliography, 2d ed, p378)]]> Bence Jones Protein C302 302 primitive Benzene Organic Chemical C0005036 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Benzene PT NCI]]> NCI Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon biproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.]]> Benzene C303 303 primitive C0005308 Betamethasone Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Celestone SY DTP NSC0039470]]> Betamethasone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)]]> Celestone BR NCI]]> Celestone Betamethasone C304 304 primitive Bile Pigment Organic Chemical C0005402 Biologically Active Substance Bile Pigment PT NCI]]> NCI Coloring matters of the bile. They are bilirubin, biliverdin, bilifuscin, biliprasin, choleprasin, bilihumin, and bilicyanin. (Dorland, 28th ed) (MESH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: BILIRUBIN, BILIVERDINE, and bilicyanin.]]> Bile Pigment C305 305 primitive C0005437 Bilirubin Biologically Active Substance Organic Chemical bilirubin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044518]]> Bilirubin MQ CADSR]]> BILI AB CADSR]]> Bilirubin PT NCI]]> BILIRUBIN SY DTP NSC0026671]]> Bilirubin SY DTP NSC0026685]]> NCI-GLOSS (bil-ih-ROO-bun) Substance formed when red blood cells are broken down. Bilirubin is part of the bile, which is made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder. The abnormal buildup of bilirubin causes jaundice.]]> BILI MSH2002_06_01 A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.]]> NCI A red bile pigment found as sodium bilirubinate (soluble), or as an insoluble calcium salt in gallstones, formed from hemoglobin during normal and abnormal destruction of erythrocytes by the reticuloendothelial system. Excess bilirubin is associated with jaundice. (From STED98)]]> Bilirubin C306 306 primitive C0005492 Vitamin Bioflavonoid Carbohydrate Vitamin P Complex SY NCI]]> Bioflavonoid PT NCI]]> NCI Naturally occurring flavone or coumarin derivatives having the activity of the so-called vitamin P, notably rutin and esculin.]]> Vitamin P Complex Bioflavonoid C307 307 primitive Biological Agent Functional Concept Pharmacologic Substance Immunologic Factor C0005522 Organic Chemical Immunologics SY NCI]]> Immunologic, Immunochemical SY NCI]]> Biopharmaceuticals SY NCI]]> Biologicals SY NCI]]> NCI Biotechnology-derived pharmaceutical products. Includes recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and nucleic acids.]]> CSP2002 medicinal preparations made from living organisms or their products; venoms, enzymes may be indexed with this term; typically antibiotics and chemically pure biochemicals should not be indexed with this term, also narrower terms animal extract, plant extract, immunological substance or tissue/cell preparation should be considered.]]> Biologicals Biologics Biopharmaceuticals Immunologic, Immunochemical Biological Products Immunologics MSH2002_06_01 Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or agents of organic origin, usually obtained by biological methods or assay, that depend for their action on the processes affecting immunity. They are used especially in diagnosis and treatment of disease (as vaccines or pollen extracts). Biological products are differentiated from BIOLOGICAL FACTORS in that the latter are compounds with biological or physiological activity made by living organisms. (From Webster's 3d ed)]]> Biologics SY NCI]]> Biological Products SY NCI]]> Biological Agent PT NCI]]> Biological Agent C308 308 primitive C0005525 Pharmacologic Substance Biological Response Modifier biological response modifier PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045616]]> Immunotherapeutic Agent SY NCI]]> Immune Modulators SY NCI]]> Immunomodulating Agent SY NCI]]> BRM SY NCI]]> Biomodulators SY NCI]]> Immune Regulators SY NCI]]> Immunomodulatory Agent SY NCI]]> NCI Substances or procedures that enhance the host's ability to inhibit tumorigenesis or tumor progression or that increase the differential between tumor and host susceptibility to therapeutic agents. Thus BRMs can be preventive (vaccines, vitamins) or therapeutic (interferon, monoclonal antibodies, hyperthermia, gene therapy.) Standard, nonspecific therapies such as drugs and radiation are excluded but radiation delivered via antibodies would be included since it exploits a differential susceptibility of tumor and host.]]> Immune Mediators Biomodulators Biological Response Modifiers BRM Immune Regulators Immunotherapeutic Agent MSH2002_06_01 Biological or synthetic agents that are capable of eliciting specific and/or non-specific effects on immune responsiveness, thereby ultimately leading to an improvement in overall health of the patient. These agents can be further subcategorized into those that facilitate a normal immune response, those that stimulate the immune response, those that are capable of inducing noncytotoxic immunosuppression, and those that increase the ability of the host to tolerate damage by the cytotoxic modalities of the treatment.]]> CSP2002 a diversity of reagents employed for nonspecific active immunization; used to enhance the immune response; 4 major groups: bacterial products, synthetic molecules, cytokines, and hormones.]]> NCI-GLOSS (by-o-LAHJ-i-kul...) BRM. Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infections and other diseases. Also used to lessen side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments. Also known as biological therapy, immunotherapy, or biotherapy.]]> Immunomodulatory Agent Immunomodulators Immunopotentiators Immunomodulating Agent Immune Modulators Immune Mediators/Modulators Immunopotentiators SY NCI]]> Immunomodulators SY NCI]]> Immune Mediators SY NCI]]> Biological Response Modifier PT NCI]]> Biological Response Modifiers PT RAEB-2]]> Immune Mediators/Modulators SY NCI]]> Biological Response Modifier C309 309 primitive C0005575 Biotin Organic Chemical Vitamin Biotin PT NCI]]> -(+)-Biotin SY DTP NSC0063865]]> (+)-Biotin SY DTP NSC0063865]]> BIOTIN SY DTP NSC0063865]]> -(+)-Biotin (+)-Biotin BIOTIN MSH2002_06_01 A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.]]> NCI Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid. Growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tissue is higher than that of normal tissue.]]> Biotin C310 310 primitive C0005640 Pharmacologic Substance Dicumarol Organic Chemical Dicumarol PT NCI]]> Dicoumarol SY DTP NSC0041834]]> Bishydroxycoumarin SY NCI]]> Dicoumarol SY NCI]]> Bishydroxycoumarin Dicoumarol MSH2002_06_01 An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.]]> Bishydroxycoumarin SY DTP NSC0041834]]> Dicumarol C311 311 primitive C0005736 Bleomycin A2 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic n1-[3-(dimethylsulfonio)-propyl]bleomycinamide SY NCI]]> BLEOMYCIN A2 SY DTP NSC0146842]]> Bleomycin A2 PT NCI]]> Bleomycin A2 SY DTP NSC0146842]]> Bleomycin A2 BLEOMYCIN A2 n1-[3-(dimethylsulfonio)-propyl]bleomycinamide NCI A complex of Bleomycin that contains 3-(Dimethylsulfinio) Propyl group, a moiety substituted on a terminal amine, which makes it different from other related glycopeptides. Mechanism of action and current use are same as Bleomycin. (NCI)]]> Bleomycin A2 C312 312 primitive Bleomycin Sulphate Antibiotic C0005739 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Oil Bleo FB NCI]]> Blenoxane SY DTP NSC0125066]]> Bleo-S FB NCI]]> Bleocin FB NCI]]> Bleomycin Sulfas SY NCI]]> Bleolem FB NCI]]> Bleocin SY DTP NSC0125066]]> Bleo-cell FB NCI]]> Bleomycin Sulfate SY NCI]]> NCI A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.]]> Bleomycin sulfate SY DTP NSC0125066]]> CAS-9041-93-4(bleomycin sulphate) CN NCI]]> Bleomycini Sulfas SY NCI]]> Blexane SY NCI]]> Blenoxane BR NCI]]> BleMomycine BR NCI]]> Blanoxan FB NCI]]> Bleomycin Sulphate PT NCI]]> Bleolem Bleocin Bleo-cell Bleo-S Blenoxane BleMomycine Blanoxan Bleomycin sulfate Oil Bleo Blexane CAS-9041-93-4(bleomycin sulphate) Bleomycini Sulfas Bleomycin Sulfate Bleomycin Sulfas Bleomycin Sulphate C313 313 primitive 125066 C0005740 Pharmacologic Substance Antibiotic Bleomycin Organic Chemical bleomycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045169]]> BLEO AB NCI]]> BLEOMYCIN PT NCI]]> BLM AB NCI]]> CAS-11056-06-7 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.]]> NSC-125066 BLM Bleo CAS-11056-06-7 NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> NCI A water-soluble antineoplastic antibiotic glycopeptides initially derived from Streptomyces verticillus. It inhibits DNA synthesis by binding single and double-strand DNA causing scissions. Current use: treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, melanomas, sarcomas, testicular carcinoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and malignant effusions.]]> Bleomycin PT NCI]]> NSC-125066 CN NCI]]> Bleo SY DTP NSC0125066]]> Bleomycin C314 314 primitive Blood Substitute Pharmacologic Substance C0005836 Blood Substitute PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that can carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into the blood stream. They are used to replace hemoglobin in severe hemorrhage and also to perfuse isolated organs. The best known are perfluorocarbon emulsions and various hemoglobin solutions.]]> Blood Substitute C315 315 primitive C0005919 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Bombesin Bombesin PT NCI]]> NCI A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It is also an endogenous neurotransmitter in many animals including mammals. Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function. High levels of intracellular bombesin have also been found in human small-cell lung carcinoma. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It is also an endogenous neurotransmitter in many animals including mammals. Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function.]]> Bombesin C316 316 primitive Bradykinin Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0006100 Bradykinin PT NCI]]> NCI a nonapeptide kinin and neuropeptide involved in blood pressure regulation and pain receptor stimulation.]]> CSP2002 a nonapeptide kinin and neuropeptide involved in blood pressure regulation and pain receptor stimulation.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from mast cells during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.]]> Bradykinin C317 317 primitive Bromocriptine Pharmacologic Substance C0006230 Organic Chemical Bromocriptine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.]]> CSP2002 D2 dopamine agonist used as a prolactin inhibitor.]]> Bromocriptine C318 318 primitive 38297 C0006233 Pharmacologic Substance Bromodeoxyuridine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide broxuridine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045179]]> 5-BUDR AB NCI]]> 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine SY NCI]]> 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0038297]]> 5-Bromodeoxyuridine SY NCI]]> 5-Bromouracil deoxyriboside SY DTP NSC0038297]]> 5-Bromouracil-2-deoxyriboside SY NCI]]> BRDU SY DTP NSC0038297]]> BrdU AB NCI]]> NSC-38297 CN NCI]]> NSC 38297 SY DTP NSC0038297]]> Broxuridine SY DTP NSC0038297]]> Broxine BR NCI]]> Bromouridine SY NCI]]> Bromouracil deoxyriboside SY DTP NSC0038297]]> Bromouracil Deoxyriboside SY NCI]]> Bromodeoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0038297]]> Bromodeoxyuridine PT NCI]]> 5-Bromouracil-2-deoxyriboside 5-Bromouracil Deoxyriboside Broxuridine Neomark-BU NCI-GLOSS A drug that makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiation and is also used as a diagnostic agent to determine how fast cancer cells grow.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.]]> NCI A thymidine analogue incorporated into DNA that could cause a break in chromosomes. Current use: development of antiviral and antineoplastic agents.]]> Neomark-BU BR NCI]]> Neomark BR NCI]]> NSC-38297 Neomark NSC 38297 5-Bromodeoxyuridine 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine 5-BUDR Broxine Bromouridine Bromouracil Deoxyriboside BrdU BROMODEOXYURIDINE (BUDR) BRDU 5-Budr BROMODEOXYURIDINE (BUDR) PT NCI]]> 5-Budr SY DTP NSC0038297]]> 5-Bromouracil-2-deoxyriboside SY DTP NSC0038297]]> 5-Bromouracil Deoxyriboside SY NCI]]> 5-Bromodeoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0038297]]> Bromodeoxyuridine C319 319 primitive Bronchodilator Pharmacologic Substance C0006280 Bronchodilator PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.]]> Bronchodilator C320 320 primitive Buserelin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance C0006456 buserelin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045180]]> D-Ser (Bu(t))(6) Pro(9) NEt LHRH Acetate SY NCI]]> HOE 766 CN NCI]]> ICI 123215 CN NCI]]> S74-6766 CN NCI]]> Suprefact Depot FB NCI]]> BSRL AB NCI]]> Buserelin Acetate SY NCI]]> Busereline SY NCI]]> Bigonist BSRL 6-[O-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-D-serine]-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamide Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (Pig) ICI 123215 Suprefact Flakon MSH2002_06_01 A potent and durable analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GONADORELIN).]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called gonadotropin-releasing hormones. In prostate cancer therapy, buserelin blocks the production of testosterone in the testicles.]]> Suprefact Flakon FB NCI]]> Suprefact FB NCI]]> Suprefact Depot Suprecur Profact Depot Receptal S74-6766 Suprefact Profact HOE 766 D-Ser (Bu(t))(6) Pro(9) NEt LHRH Acetate Busereline Buserelin Acetate Buserelin PT NCI]]> Bigonist FB NCI]]> 6-[O-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-D-serine]-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamide Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (Pig) SY NCI]]> Suprecur FB NCI]]> Receptal FB NCI]]> Profact FB NCI]]> Profact Depot FB NCI]]> Buserelin C321 321 primitive 750 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0006463 C446 Busulfan busulfan PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045410]]> 1, 4-Bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane SY DTP NSC0000750]]> 1,4-Bitanediol Dimethanesulfonate Esters SY NCI]]> 1,4-Bis(methanesulfonoxy)butane SY NCI]]> BUS AB NCI]]> Bussulfam SY NCI]]> Busulfan SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Busulfex BR NCI]]> Busulphan SY NCI]]> Methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester SY NCI]]> Joacamine SY NCI]]> Glyzophrol SY NCI]]> GT-41 CN NCI]]> GT 41 SY DTP NSC0000750]]> CB-2041 CN NCI]]> CB 2041 SY DTP NSC0000750]]> CAS 55-98-1 CN NCI]]> NSC-750 SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Sulfabutin SY NCI]]> Tetramethylene Bis(methanesulfonate) SY NCI]]> Myleran SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Myleran BR NCI]]> Mylecytan SY NCI]]> Mylecytan SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Myelosan SY NCI]]> Myelosan SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Myeloleukon SY NCI]]> Myeloleukon SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Myeleukon SY NCI]]> Mitosan BR NCI]]> Misulfan SY NCI]]> Misulban SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Misulban FB NCI]]> Mielucin FB NCI]]> Mitosan Misulfan Misulban Mielucin Methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester Joacamine Glyzophrol GT-41 Myelosan Myeloleukon Myeleukon GT 41 CB-2041 CB 2041 CAS 55-98-1 Busulphan Busulfex Tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate] Sulfabutin NSC-750 NSC 750 Myleran Mylecytan Busulfanum Bussulfam BUS 1,4-Di(methylsulfonyloxy)butane 1,4-Di(methanesulfonyloxy)butane 1,4-Bitanediol Dimethanesulfonate Esters 1,4-Bis(methanesulfonoxy)butane 1, 4-Bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane Tetramethylene Bis(methanesulfonate) WR-19508 MSH2002_06_01 An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on bone marrow. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> WR-19508 CN NCI]]> Tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate] SY DTP NSC0000750]]> NSC-750 CN NCI]]> NSC 750 SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Busulphan SY DTP NSC0000750]]> Busulfanum SY NCI]]> Busulfan PT NCI]]> BUSULFAN PT NCI]]> 1,4-Di(methylsulfonyloxy)butane SY NCI]]> 1,4-Di(methanesulfonyloxy)butane SY NCI]]> Busulfan C322 322 primitive BHT Pharmacologic Substance C0006507 Organic Chemical Butylated hydroxytoluene SY DTP NSC0006347]]> BHT PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antioxidant used in foods, cosmetics, petroleum products, etc. It may inhibit some neoplasms and facilitate others.]]> Butylated Hydroxytoluene SY NCI]]> Butylated hydroxytoluene Butylated Hydroxytoluene CSP2002 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphonol, a perservative commonly used in packaged foods.]]> BHT C323 323 primitive C0006525 Butyrophenone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Butyrophenone PT NCI]]> Butyrophenone C324 324 primitive cDNA Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0006556 cDNA PT NCI]]> CDNA SY DTP NSC0000218]]> MSH2002_06_01 Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.]]> CDNA cDNA C325 325 primitive C0006610 Carbohydrate CA-125 Immunologic Factor Carbohydrate Antigen 125 SY NCI]]> CA125 Antigen SY NCI]]> CA-125 PT NCI]]> CA-125 MQ CADSR]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance sometimes found in an increased amount in the blood, other body fluids, or tissues and that may suggest the presence of some types of cancer.]]> Carbohydrate Antigen 125 CA125 CA125 Antigen Cancer Antigen 125 MSH2002_06_01 Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.]]> Cancer Antigen 125 SY NCI]]> CA125 SY NCI]]> CA 125 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046490]]> CA-125 C326 326 primitive C0006611 Immunologic Factor Carbohydrate Mucin Peptide MUC-1 Polymorphic Epithelial Mucin SY NCI]]> CA-15-3 SY NCI]]> CA15-3 Antigen SY NCI]]> CA15-3 SY NCI]]> Mucin Peptide MUC-1 PT NCI]]> NCI Mucin is expressed by most glandular epithelia. Tandem repeats characterize the core mucin protein, apomucin; variation of the protein derives from variation in the number of expressed repeats. Native forms of mucin are distinct in size and degree of glycosylation; factors other than the primary structure of apomucin may contribute to these characteristics. Many complex O-linked oligosaccharides are presumably added by glycosyltransferases. Expression is increased in the lactating breast and in breast, ovary, lung, and prostate malignancies. It is a serum marker for breast cancer. (from OMIM 158340 and NCI)]]> Polymorphic Epithelial Mucin CA-15-3 CA15-3 Antigen Muc1 Mucin Episialin Cancer Antigen 15-3 CA15-3 Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 MSH2002_06_01 Carbohydrate antigen elevated in patients with tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, and prostate as well as other disorders. The mucin is expressed normally by most glandular epithelia but shows particularly increased expression in the breast at lactation and in malignancy. It is thus an established serum marker for breast cancer.]]> Muc1 Mucin SY NCI]]> Episialin SY NCI]]> Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 SY NCI]]> Cancer Antigen 15-3 SY NCI]]> Mucin Peptide MUC-1 C327 327 primitive CA19-9 Antigen Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0006613 Immunologic Factor Sialyl Lewis (A) Antigen SY NCI]]> CA19-9 SY NCI]]> CA19-9 Antigen PT NCI]]> Cancer Antigen 19-9 SY NCI]]> Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 SY NCI]]> CA-19-9 MQ CADSR]]> CA-19-9 SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.]]> CA-19-9 Cancer Antigen 19-9 Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 CA19-9 Sialyl Lewis (A) Antigen CA19-9 Antigen C328 328 primitive C0006644 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Caffeine Caffeine PT NCI]]> CAFFEINE SY DTP NSC0005036]]> NCI caffeine. 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine; an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of Thea sinensis, tea, or the dried seeds of Coffea arabica, coffee; used as a central nervous system stimulant, diuretic, circulatory and respiratory stimulant, and as an adjunct in the treatment of headaches. SYN guaranine, thein. (STED98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.]]> CAFFEINE CSP2002 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, a central stimulant found in coffee and tea; action may be mediated by adenosine receptors.]]> Caffeine C329 329 primitive C0006668 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Calcitonin (Therapeutic) Hormone Pharmacologic Substance calcitonin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045207]]> Calcitonin Salmon SY NCI]]> Calcimar BR NCI]]> Calcitonin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Calcitonin SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A hormone formed by the C cells of the thyroid gland. It helps maintain a healthy level of calcium in the blood. When the calcium level is too high, calcitonin lowers it.]]> CSP2002 a peptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to hypercalcemia, which lowers blood calcium and phosphate by promoting renal excretion; chemotherapy for Paget's disease and severe hypercalcemia.]]> Calcitonin Salmon Calcitonin Calcimar Cibacalcin MSH2002_06_01 A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.]]> Cibacalcin FB NCI]]> Calcitonin (Therapeutic) C330 330 primitive Calcitriol Steroid C0006674 Pharmacologic Substance Hormone calcitriol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045408]]> Calcitriol PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (kal-sih-TREE-ol) The active form of vitamin D. Calcitriol is formed in the kidneys or made in the laboratory. It is used as a drug to increase calcium levels in the body in order to treat skeletal and tissue-related calcium deficiencies caused by kidney or thyroid disorders.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.]]> Rocaltrol SY NCI]]> CSP2002 most biologically active metabolite of cholecalciferol; acts via a DNA-binding steroid receptor which induces transcription of calcium transport factors in gut; USP drug (calcitriol) is given as an antihypocalcemic.]]> Rocaltrol Calcitriol C331 331 primitive C0006675 Calcium Element, Ion, or Isotope calcium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045632]]> CA AB CADSR]]> Calcium MQ CADSR]]> NCI A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. (MSH98)]]> Calcium PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.]]> CA NCI-GLOSS (KAL-see-um) A mineral found in teeth, bones, and other body tissues.]]> Calcium C332 332 primitive Calcium Carbonate Pharmacologic Substance C0006681 Organic Chemical calcium carbonate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045239]]> Calcium Carbonate PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A mineral taken primarily as a supplement to prevent osteoporosis. It is also being studied for cancer prevention.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.]]> Calcium Carbonate C333 333 primitive Calcium Channel Blocker C0006684 Pharmacologic Substance Calcium Channel Blocker PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation, they are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms.]]> Calcium Channel Blocker C334 334 primitive C0006692 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Edetate Calcium Disodium Edetate Calcium Disodium PT NCI]]> Calcium Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate SY NCI]]> Calcium EDTA SY DTP NSC0310151]]> Calcium disodium edetate SY DTP NSC0310151]]> NCI a chelating agent]]> Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Calcium EDTA Disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Calcium disodium edetate Calcium Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate EDTA Calcium EDTA Calcium SY NCI]]> Disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate SY DTP NSC0310151]]> Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate SY DTP NSC0310151]]> Edetate Calcium Disodium C335 335 primitive Calcium Glucarate Organic Chemical C0006698 Pharmacologic Substance Calcium Glucarate PT NCI]]> Calcium Glucarate C336 336 primitive C0006699 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Calcium Gluconate Calglucon SY NCI]]> Calcium Gluconate PT NCI]]> Calglucon MSH2002_06_01 The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.]]> Calcium Gluconate C337 337 primitive Calusterone Pharmacologic Substance C0006790 Steroid U-22,550 SY DTP NSC0088536]]> 17 Beta-OH-7 beta, 17 alpha-dimethyl-androst-4-ene-3-one SY NCI]]> NSC-88536 Dimethyltestosterone CAS-17021-26-0 Androst-4-en-3-one, 7.beta., 17.alpha.-dimethyl-17.beta.-hydroxy- Androst-4-en-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-7.beta.,17-dimethyl- (8CI) Androst-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-7,17-dimethyl-, (7.beta.17.beta.)- (9CI) Androst-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-7,17-dimethyl-, (7.beta., 17.beta.)- (9CI) 7.beta., 17.alpha.-Dimethyltestosterone Calusterone PT NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 7.beta., 17.alpha.-dimethyl-17.beta.-hydroxy- SY NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-7.beta.,17-dimethyl- (8CI) SY NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-7,17-dimethyl-, (7.beta.17.beta.)- (9CI) SY NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-7,17-dimethyl-, (7.beta., 17.beta.)- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0088536]]> 7.beta., 17.alpha.-Dimethyltestosterone SY DTP NSC0088536]]> 7-.beta.-17-.alpha.-dimethyltestosterone SY DTP NSC0088536]]> 7 Beta, 17 Alpha-dimethyltestosterone SY NCI]]> 17-Beta-hydroxy-7-beta, 17-dimethylandrost-4-ene-3-one SY NCI]]> 7-.beta.-17-.alpha.-dimethyltestosterone 7 Beta, 17 Alpha-dimethyltestosterone 17-Beta-hydroxy-7-beta, 17-dimethylandrost-4-ene-3-one 17 Beta-OH-7 beta, 17 alpha-dimethyl-androst-4-ene-3-one Methosarb U-22,550 NCI a androgenic anabolic steroid]]> NSC-88536 CN NCI]]> Methosarb BR NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-7.beta.,17-dimethyl- (8CI) SY DTP NSC0088536]]> U-22,550 CN NCI]]> Dimethyltestosterone SY NCI]]> CAS-17021-26-0 CN NCI]]> Androst-4-en-3-one, 7.beta., 17.alpha.-dimethyl-17.beta.-hydroxy- SY DTP NSC0088536]]> Methosarb SY DTP NSC0088536]]> Calusterone C338 338 primitive C0006812 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Camptothecin camptothecine SY NCI]]> 1H-Pyrano[3',3'.6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, 4-ethyl-4hydroxy-(S)-(9CI) SY NCI]]> (S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano-[3',4':6,7]indolozino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione 20-(S)-camptothecine camptothecine MSH2002_06_01 An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors.]]> NCI 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano-[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione. Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Alkaloid derived from the bark of the tree Camptotheca acuminata. Exhibits antileukemic and antitumor activity.]]> NSC 100880 SY DTP NSC0094600]]> 21, 22-secocamptothecin-21-oic acid lactone SY NCI]]> 20-(S)-camptothecine SY NCI]]> NSC 100880 NSC-100880 21, 22-secocamptothecin-21-oic acid lactone 20(S)-Camptothecine 1H-Pyrano[3',3'.6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, 4-ethyl-4hydroxy-(S)-(9CI) (S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrano-[3',4':6,7]indolozino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione SY NCI]]> camptothecin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045181]]> Camptothecin PT NCI]]> 21, 22-Secocamptothecin-21-oic acid lactone SY DTP NSC0094600]]> 20(S)-Camptothecine SY DTP NSC0094600]]> NSC-100880 CN NCI]]> Camptothecin C339 339 primitive C0006931 Organic Chemical Capsaicin Pharmacologic Substance capsaicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045377]]> Capsaicin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Cytotoxic alkaloid from various species of Capsicum (pepper, paprika), of the Solanaceae.]]> NCI-GLOSS A component of certain plants, including cayenne and red pepper, used topically for peripheral nerve pain. Also being studied for controlling mucositis pain after chemotherapy and radiation therapy.]]> CSP2002 N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylmethyl) -8-methyl-6-nonenamide; chili pepper extract and neuropeptide releasing agent selective for primary sensory peripheral neurons, used to experimentally manipulate substance P and other tachykinins, and as an analgesic for Herpes zoster infection.]]> NCI Trans-8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide; alkaloidal principle in the fruits of various species of Capsicum, with the same uses as capsicum. It depletes substance P from sensory nerve endings; sometimes used for pain in postherpetic neuralgia. (STED98)]]> Capsaicin SY DTP NSC0056353]]> Capsaicin C340 340 primitive Captopril Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0006938 captopril PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044878]]> Captopril PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to lower high blood pressure. It belongs to the family of drugs called ACE inhibitors.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.]]> Capoten Capoten BR NCI]]> Captopril C341 341 primitive Carbamazepine Organic Chemical C0006949 Pharmacologic Substance Tegretol SY DTP NSC0169864]]> 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-carboxamide SY NCI]]> 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-carboxamide Epitol Tegretol MSH2002_06_01 An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.]]> Epitol BR NCI]]> Carbamazepine PT NCI]]> Tegretol BR NCI]]> Carbamazepine C342 342 primitive Carboquone Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0006971 Carboquone SY DTP NSC0000662]]> Carboquone PT NCI]]> Carboquone MSH2002_06_01 An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.]]> Carboquone C343 343 primitive C0006976 Antibiotic Carbenicillin Organic Chemical Pyopen SY DTP NSC0111071]]> Pyopen Carbenicillin Geopen CARBENICILLIN MSH2002_06_01 Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.]]> Geopen SY DTP NSC0111071]]> CARBENICILLIN SY DTP NSC0111071]]> Carbenicillin PT NCI]]> Geopen BR NCI]]> Carbenicillin SY DTP NSC0111071]]> Pyopen FB NCI]]> Carbenicillin C344 344 primitive Carbohydrate C0007004 Carbohydrate Carbohydrates SY NCI]]> Carbohydrates Carbohydrate PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The largest class of organic compounds, including starches, glycogens, cellulose, gums, and simple sugars. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.]]> NCI A group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They form the primary source of energy in animals.]]> Carbohydrate C345 345 primitive Carboxylic Acids Organic Chemical C0007066 Carboxylic Acids PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.]]> Carboxylic Acids C346 346 primitive 641273 C0007072 Pharmacologic Substance Enzyme Carboxypeptidase-G2 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein carboxypeptidase-G2 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045384]]> CPDG2 Carboxypeptidase G2 NSC-641273 Carboxypeptidase-G2 PT NCI]]> CPDG2 AB NCI]]> Carboxypeptidase G2 SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A bacterial enzyme that belongs to the family of drugs called chemoprotective agents. It is used to neutralize the toxic effects of methotrexate.]]> NSC-641273 CN NCI]]> Carboxypeptidase-G2 C347 347 primitive Carcinogen Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0007090 carcinogen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046486]]> NCI Substances that increase the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and non-genotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.]]> Cancer Causing Agents MSH2002_06_01 Substances that increase the risk of neoplasms in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.]]> NCI-GLOSS (kar-SIN-o-jin) Any substance that causes cancer.]]> Cancer Causing Agents SY NCI]]> Carcinogen PT NCI]]> Carcinogen SY DTP NSC0000339]]> Carcinogen C348 348 primitive C0007091 Environmental Carcinogen Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Environmental Carcinogen PT NCI]]> NCI Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.]]> Environmental Carcinogen C349 349 primitive Carmustine Pharmacologic Substance C0007257 409962 Organic Chemical carmustine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045976]]> CAS-154-93-8 CN NCI]]> BCNU SY DTP NSC0409962]]> BCNU AB NCI]]> NSC 409962 SY DTP NSC0409962]]> N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0409962]]> Carmustinum FB NCI]]> Carmustine PT NCI]]> Carmubris SY DTP NSC0409962]]> Carmubris BR NCI]]> Nitrourean Nitrumon WR-139021 MSH2002_06_01 A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> NSC-409962 SY DTP NSC0409962]]> BiCNU BR NCI]]> Becenun FB NCI]]> Becenum BR NCI]]> NSC-409962 NSC 409962 N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea Carmustinum CAS-154-93-8 BiCNU Becenum BCNU Becenun Bis-Chloronitrosourea Carmubris N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea Bis-Chloronitrosourea SY NCI]]> Nitrumon FB NCI]]> Nitrumon SY DTP NSC0409962]]> Nitrourean FB NCI]]> NSC-409962 CN NCI]]> WR-139021 CN NCI]]> Carmustine C350 350 primitive C0007269 Biologically Active Substance Organic Chemical Carotene Carotene PT NCI]]> NCI The general name for a group of pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall.]]> CSP2002 C(40)H(56) terpenoid plant pigment which is transformed into vitamin A in the liver.]]> Carotene C351 351 primitive Carotenoid Organic Chemical C0007271 Biologically Active Substance carotenoids PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046132]]> Carotenoid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.]]> NCI-GLOSS Substance found in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables and in dark green, leafy vegetables. May reduce the risk of developing cancer.]]> Carotenoids NCI "Tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent ,-carotene (I) by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these]]> Carotenoid C352 352 primitive C0007308 Carubicin Antibiotic Carminomycin SY DTP NSC0180024]]> 4-O-demethyldaunorubicin SY NCI]]> Karminomycin Carminomycin SY NCI]]> Carubicin SY DTP NSC0180024]]> Karminomitsin SY DTP NSC0180024]]> NSC 180024 SY DTP NSC0180024]]> Karminomitsin SY NCI]]> Karminomycin SY NCI]]> NSC-180024 CN NCI]]> (2S,3S)-3-acetyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside SY NCI]]> (8S-cis)-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetrahydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione SY NCI]]> Carubicin Demethyldaunomycin Karminomitsin NSC 180024 Carminomycin I CARMINOMYCIN 5,12-naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy-,(8S-cis)-(8CI)-(9CI) 5,12-naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy-(8S-cis)-(8CI 9CI) 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3, 6-trideoxy-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy- (8S-cis)- (8CI 9CI) 4-O-demethyldaunorubicin (8S-cis)-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetrahydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione (2S,3S)-3-acetyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside Carminomycin NSC-180024 MSH2002_06_01 A very toxic anthracycline-type antibiotic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata. It is used in soft tissue neoplasms and leukemias.]]> Demethyldaunomycin SY NCI]]> Carubicin PT NCI]]> 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3, 6-trideoxy-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy- (8S-cis)- (8CI 9CI) SY DTP NSC0180024]]> Carminomycin I SY NCI]]> CARMINOMYCIN SY DTP NSC0180024]]> 5,12-naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy-,(8S-cis)-(8CI)-(9CI) SY NCI]]> 5,12-naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1,6,8,11-tetra-hydroxy-(8S-cis)-(8CI 9CI) SY NCI]]> Carminomycin I SY DTP NSC0180024]]> Carubicin C353 353 primitive Cefamandole Organic Chemical C0007541 Antibiotic Cephamandole SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.]]> Cephamandole Cefamandole PT NCI]]> Cefamandole C354 354 primitive C0007554 Cefotaxime Antibiotic Organic Chemical Claforan BR NCI]]> Cefotaxime PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.]]> Claforan NCI A third generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits mucopeptide synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, causing inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.(NCI)]]> Cefotaxime C355 355 primitive Ceftazidime Pharmacologic Substance C0007559 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Tazicef BR NCI]]> Ceftazidime PT NCI]]> Fortaz Tazicef MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients.]]> Fortaz BR NCI]]> Ceftazidime C356 356 primitive C0007716 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Cephalexin cephalexin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046205]]> Keflex BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug that belongs to the family of drugs called cephalosporins.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.]]> Keflex Cephalexin PT NCI]]> Cephalexin C357 357 primitive Cephalosporin Antibiotic Pharmacologic Substance C0007732 Antibiotic cephalosporins PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046676]]> Suprax BR NCI]]> Cephalosporins Suprax MSH2002_06_01 A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus Acremonium (Cephalosporium acremonium). They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.]]> NCI-GLOSS A family of antibiotic drugs that is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections.]]> Cephalosporin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Cephalosporin Antibiotic C358 358 primitive C0007735 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Cephalothin Antibiotic Keflin BR NCI]]> Cephalothin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A cephalosporin antibiotic.]]> Keflin Cephalothin Sodium Cephalothin Sodium SY NCI]]> Cephalothin C359 359 primitive Ceramide Biologically Active Substance Pharmacologic Substance Lipid C18877876 C0007745 720500 ceramide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044999]]> Ceramide (lipids) MSH2002_06_01 Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.]]> Ceramide (lipids) PT NCI]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Phase II study for cutaneous breast cancer]]> NCI-GLOSS A type of fat produced in the body. It may cause some types of cells to die and is being studied in cancer treatment.]]> CSP2002 N-acyl sphingosine, a neutral lipid with 2 long aliphatic tails, the parent compound of sphingolipids.]]> Ceramide PT NCI]]> Ceramide C360 360 primitive C0007974 Pharmacologic Substance Chelating Agent Chelators SY NCI]]> Chelators MSH2002_06_01 Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination bonds with a central metal ion. Heterocyclic rings are formed with the central metal atom as part of the ring. Some biological systems form metal chelates, e.g., the iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin and the magnesium-binding chlorophyll of plants. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) They are used chemically to remove ions from solutions, medicinally against microorganisms, to treat metal poisoning, and in chemotherapy protocols.]]> Chelating Agent PT NCI]]> Chelating Agent C361 361 primitive Chewing Tobacco C0008038 Substance Spit Tobacco SY NCI]]> Chewing Tobacco PT NCI]]> Spit Tobacco NCI Spit tobacco (smokeless tobacco) comes in two forms: snuff and chew. Users put a pinch of snuff (called a "dip" or "rub") next to the gum and hold it there. Chewing tobacco is bulkier than snuff and, as it name suggests, is chewed. (NCI)]]> Chewing Tobacco C362 362 primitive 3088 C354 Chlorambucil Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0008163 CHL AB NCI]]> 4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Leukoran SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Leukersan SY NCI]]> Leukersan SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Leukeran BR NCI]]> Elcoril SY NCI]]> Elcoril SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Ecloril SY NCI]]> Ecloril SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chlorobutine SY NCI]]> chlorambucil PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046048]]> butyric acid, 4-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl) SY NCI]]> benzenebutanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]- (9CI) SY NCI]]> aminochlorambucil SY NCI]]> WR-139013 CN NCI]]> Phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard SY DTP NSC0003088]]> NSC 3088 SY DTP NSC0003088]]> NSC 3088 CN NCI]]> N,N-di-2-chloroethyl-gamma-p-aminophenylbutyric acid SY NCI]]> CB-1348 Chlorbutinum MSH2002_06_01 A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> .gamma.-[p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> .gamma.-[p-Di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> .gamma.-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard SY NCI]]> para-N,N-di(b-chloroethyl)aminophenylbutyric acid SY NCI]]> Chlorbutin Chlorambucilum Chloraminophen Chloraminophene Chlorbutine CHL CB 1348 CAS 305-03-3 Butyric acid, 4-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)- Butyric acid, 4-(p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl)- Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]- (9CI) Aminochlorambucil Amboclorin Ambochlorin para-N,N-di(b-chloroethyl)aminophenylbutyric acid p-N, N-di-(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid p-N, N-Di-(.beta.-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid p-(N, N-di-2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid p-(N, N-Di-2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid gamma-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid gamma-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid chloroambucil N,N-Di-2-chloroethyl-.gamma.-p-aminophenylbutyric acid Lympholysin Linfolysin Linfolizin Leukoran Leukersan Leukeran Elcoril Ecloril Chlorobutine Chlorobutin Chloroambucil chlorbutinum butyric acid, 4-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl) benzenebutanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]- (9CI) aminochlorambucil WR-139013 Phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard NSC 3088 N,N-di-2-chloroethyl-gamma-p-aminophenylbutyric acid N,N-di-2-chloroethyl-.gamma.-p-aminophenylbutyric acid Alti-chlorambucil 4-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid 4-[p-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid 4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid .gamma.-[p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid .gamma.-[p-Di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid .gamma.-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard p-N, N-di-(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid SY NCI]]> p-N, N-Di-(.beta.-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> p-(N, N-di-2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid SY NCI]]> p-(N, N-Di-2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> gamma-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid SY NCI]]> gamma-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid SY NCI]]> chloroambucil SY NCI]]> chlorbutinum SY NCI]]> N,N-di-2-chloroethyl-.gamma.-p-aminophenylbutyric acid SY NCI]]> N,N-Di-2-chloroethyl-.gamma.-p-aminophenylbutyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Lympholysin SY NCI]]> Linfolysin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Linfolysin FB NCI]]> Linfolizin SY NCI]]> Linfolizin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Leukoran SY NCI]]> Chlorobutine SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chlorobutin SY NCI]]> Chlorobutin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chloroambucil SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chlorbutinum SY NCI]]> Chlorbutine SY NCI]]> Chlorbutine SY DTP NSC0003088]]> CHLORAMBUCIL PT NCI]]> Amboclorin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Amboclorin BR NCI]]> Ambochlorin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Ambochlorin BR NCI]]> Alti-chlorambucil FB NCI]]> 4-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid SY NCI]]> 4-[p-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid SY DTP NSC0003088]]> 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid SY NCI]]> Chlorbutin SY NCI]]> Chlorbutin SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chloraminophene SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chloraminophene FB NCI]]> Chloraminophen SY NCI]]> Chloraminophen SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chlorambucilum SY NCI]]> Chlorambucil SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Chlorambucil PT NCI]]> Aminochlorambucil SY DTP NSC0260461]]> CAS 305-03-3 CN NCI]]> Butyric acid, 4-(p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl)- SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Butyric acid, 4-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)- SY DTP NSC0003088]]> CB 1348 SY DTP NSC0003088]]> Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0003088]]> CB-1348 CN NCI]]> Chlorambucil C363 363 primitive Chloramphenicol Antibiotic Organic Chemical C0008168 Chloramphenicol SY DTP NSC0003069]]> CHLORAMPHENICOL Chloramphenicol PT NCI]]> NCI Chloromycetin; 2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-P-nitrophenethyl)-, D-threo-(-)-acetamide. A broad-spectrum antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis. (from MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)]]> Chloramphenicol CHLORAMPHENICOL SY DTP NSC0003069]]> Chloramphenicol C364 364 primitive Chlorhexidine Organic Chemical C0008196 Antibiotic Chlorhexidine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.]]> Chlorhexidine C365 365 primitive C0008214 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Chlormadinone Acetate Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-(acetyloxy)-6-chloro- SY NCI]]> Chlormadinone Acetate PT NCI]]> Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-(acetyloxy)-6-chloro- MSH2002_06_01 An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.]]> Chlormadinone Acetate C366 366 primitive Chlorophyll Organic Chemical C0008260 Biologically Active Substance Chlorophyll PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.]]> Chlorophyll C367 367 primitive C0008286 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Chlorpromazine Thorazine BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking dopamine receptors. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.]]> Chlorpromazine Chlor-PZ Thorazine Chlor-PZ FB NCI]]> Chlorpromazine PT NCI]]> Chlorpromazine SY DTP NSC0167745]]> Chlorpromazine C368 368 primitive Cholera Toxin Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0008356 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Cholera Toxin PT NCI]]> NCI The enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae. It is a protein that consists of two major components, the heavy (H) or A peptide and the light (L) or B peptide or choleragenoid. The B peptide anchors the protein to intestinal epithelial cells, while the A peptide, enters the cytoplasm, and activates adenylate cyclase, and production of cAMP. Increased levels of cAMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae. It is a protein that consists of two major components, the heavy (H) or A peptide and the light (L) or B peptide or choleragenoid. The B peptide anchors the protein to intestinal epithelial cells, while the A peptide, enters the cytoplasm, and activates adenylate cyclase, and production of cAMP. Increased levels of cAMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.]]> Cholera Toxin C369 369 primitive C0008377 Cholesterol Steroid Cholesterol PT NCI]]> Cholesterol MQ CADSR]]> (-)-Cholesterol CHOL MSH2002_06_01 The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.]]> NCI The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. (MSH98)]]> CHOL AB CADSR]]> (-)-Cholesterol SY DTP NSC0008798]]> Cholesterol PP CADSR]]> Cholesterol C370 370 primitive C0008574 Element, Ion, or Isotope Chromium Chromium PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.]]> Chromium C371 371 primitive Chromomycin Antibiotic C0008589 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Chromomycins SY NCI]]> Chromomycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Chromomycins MSH2002_06_01 A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.]]> Chromomycin Antibiotic C372 372 primitive Chrysarobin Pharmacologic Substance C0008721 Organic Chemical Chrysarobin PT NCI]]> NCI chrysarobin. An extract of Goa powder; a complex mixure of reduction products of chrysophanic acid, emodin, and emodin monomethyl ether; used locally in ringworm, psoriasis, and eczema.]]> CHRYSAROBIN antipsoric CHRYSAROBIN SY DTP NSC0006152]]> antifungal Chrysarobin C373 373 primitive C0008722 Chrysenes Organic Chemical Chrysenes PT NCI]]> NCI 1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. Polycyclic hydrocarbons obtained from coal tar. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. Polycyclic hydrocarbons obtained from coal tar.]]> Chrysenes C374 374 primitive Cimetidine Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0008783 cimetidine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045184]]> Tagamet BR NCI]]> Tagamet MSH2002_06_01 A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits histamine binding to H2 receptors. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits gastric acid secretion, as well as pepsin and gastrin output. It also blocks the activity of cytochrome P-450.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug usually used to treat stomach ulcers and heartburn. It is also commonly used in a regimen to prevent allergic reactions.]]> Cimetidine PT NCI]]> Tagamet SY DTP NSC0335308]]> Cimetidine C375 375 primitive C0008809 Carbohydrate Ciprofloxacin Pharmacologic Substance ciprofloxacin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045311]]> Cipro BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anti-infection drug that is also being studied in bladder cancer chemotherapy.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.]]> Cipro Ciprofloxacin PT NCI]]> Ciprofloxacin C376 376 primitive Cisplatin Pharmacologic Substance C0008838 C324 119875 Inorganic Chemical cisplatin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045230]]> Platistin FB NCI]]> Platinex FB NCI]]> Platiblastin SY DTP NSC0119875]]> Platiblastin FB NCI]]> Platiblastin-S FB NCI]]> Platamine FB NCI]]> Plastistil AQ NCI]]> Platinol BR NCI]]> Platinoxan SY NCI]]> Platinum, Diaminedichloro-, cis- (8CI) SY NCI]]> Cisplatyl FB NCI]]> Cisplatinum SY NCI]]> Cisplatina; SY NCI]]> Cisplatin PT NCI]]> Cismaplat SY NCI]]> Cis-platinum SY NCI]]> Platinol-AQ BR NCI]]> Platinol-AQ VHA Plus FB NCI]]> Platinol- AQ FB NCI]]> CDDP AB NCI]]> CAS-15663-27-1 CN NCI]]> Briplatin FB NCI]]> Blastolem FB NCI]]> Abiplatin FB NCI]]> (SP-4-2)-Diamminedichloroplatinum SY NCI]]> Placis FB NCI]]> Peyrone's Salt SY NCI]]> Peyrone's Chloride SY NCI]]> Platiran Platinum, Diaminedichloro-, cis- (8CI) Platistin Platinum Diamminodichloride Platinoxan Platinol-AQ VHA Plus Platinol-AQ Platinol- AQ Platinol Platinex Platiblastin-S Platiblastin DDP Cysplatyna Citosin Citoplatino Cisplatyl Cisplatinum Cisplatina; Cismaplat Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride Cis-platinum II Cis-platinum Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II) Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II) Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum CDDP CAS-15663-27-1 Briplatin Blastolem Abiplatin (SP-4-2)-Diamminedichloroplatinum Platamine Plastistil Placis Peyrone's Salt Peyrone's Chloride Neoplatin NSC-119875 Metaplatin Lederplatin Platinum Platosin NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called platinum compounds.]]> CSP2002 inorganic, water soluble platinum complex; radiation sensitizing agent.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.]]> NCI An inorganic alkylating platinum complex, which inhibits DNA synthesis by causing both intra and interstrand DNA cross-linkages. Current use: treatment of metastatic testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloma and melanoma.]]> Platinum Diamminodichloride SY NCI]]> Platinol SY DTP NSC0119875]]> Cis-platinum II SY NCI]]> Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride SY NCI]]> Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride SY NCI]]> Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II) SY NCI]]> Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum SY NCI]]> Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II) SY NCI]]> Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum SY NCI]]> Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum SY NCI]]> Neoplatin FB NCI]]> NSC-119875 CN NCI]]> Metaplatin FB NCI]]> Lederplatin FB NCI]]> DDP AB NCI]]> Cysplatyna SY NCI]]> Citosin FB NCI]]> Citoplatino FB NCI]]> Platiran FB NCI]]> Platosin FB NCI]]> Platinum SY NCI]]> Cisplatin C377 377 primitive C0008947 Clindamycin Antibiotic Carbohydrate Clindamycin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.]]> Cleocin Cleocin BR NCI]]> Clindamycin C378 378 primitive Clofibrate Pharmacologic Substance C0009002 Organic Chemical Clofibrate PT NCI]]> Atromid S Atromid-S SY DTP NSC0079389]]> Atromid-S BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)]]> Atromid-S Atromid S SY DTP NSC0079389]]> Clofibrate C379 379 primitive C0009008 Clomiphene Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Serophene BR NCI]]> Clomid BR NCI]]> Clomid Clomiphene Citrate Serophene CSP2002 USP lists as a gonad stimulating principle; is a fertility inhibitor in male and female rats, but is a fertility stimulant in women used to induce multiple births.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.]]> NCI USP lists as a gonad stimulating principle; is a fertility inhibitor in male and female rats, but is a fertility stimulant in women used to induce multiple births. Also known as clomiphene.]]> Clomiphene Citrate SY NCI]]> Clomid SY DTP NSC0035770]]> Clomiphene PT NCI]]> Clomiphene C380 380 primitive Clonidine Pharmacologic Substance C0009014 Organic Chemical Clonidine PT NCI]]> Catapres-TTS BR NCI]]> Catapres-TTS Catapres MSH2002_06_01 An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Clonidine acts centrally by reducing sympathetic tone, resulting in a fall in diastolic and systolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate. It also acts peripherally, and this peripheral activity may be responsible for the transient increase in blood pressure seen during rapid intravenous administration. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p350)]]> Catapres BR NCI]]> Clonidine C381 381 primitive C0009074 Clotrimazole Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Mycelex Troches SY NCI]]> Mycelex Troches Clotrimazole PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal cell membranes. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.]]> Clotrimazole C382 382 primitive Cobalt Pharmacologic Substance C0009148 Element, Ion, or Isotope Cobalt PT NCI]]> NCI A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.]]> Cobalt C383 383 primitive C0009214 Codeine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Codeine PT NCI]]> Codeine Sulfate Codeine Phosphate CODEINE Codeine, sulfate Codeine, sulfate SY DTP NSC0011427]]> CODEINE SY DTP NSC0011427]]> Codeine Phosphate SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.]]> Codeine Sulfate SY NCI]]> Codeine C384 384 primitive C0009226 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Coenzyme A Biologically Active Substance Coenzyme A SY DTP NSC0020274]]> NCI A coenzyme containing pantothenic acid, adenosine 3-phosphate 5-pyrophosphate, and cysteamine; involved in the transfer of acyl groups, notably in transacetylations.]]> Coenzyme A Coenzyme A PT NCI]]> Coenzyme A C385 385 primitive C0009262 Colchicine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Colchicine PT NCI]]> COLCHICINE SY DTP NSC0000757]]> CSP2002 inhibits tubulin-tubulin binding and thus destabilizes microtubules; used to block mitosis, axonal transport, and other microtubule dependent cellular functions in vitro, and clinically to treat gout.]]> COLCHICINE MSH2002_06_01 A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).]]> Colchicine C386 386 primitive Colistin Sulfate Antibiotic C0009317 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Polymixin E SY NCI]]> NCI an antibiotic]]> Polymixin E Colistin Sulfate PT NCI]]> Colistin Sulfate C387 387 primitive C0009392 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Colony Stimulating Factor (Therapeutic) Colony Stimulating Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI Glycoprotein growth factors produced by monocytes, macrophages, or activated lymphocytes that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes, monocytes, or macrophages. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways. Each appears to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells and to influence end cell function. Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).]]> MSH2002_06_01 Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include INTERLEUKIN-3; (IL-3); GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (G-CSF); MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (M-CSF); and GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (GM-CSF).]]> CSF CSP2002 glycoprotein derived from monocytes, macrophages, or stimulated lymphocytes that are required for differentiation of stem cells into granulocyte and monocyte cell colonies.]]> CSF AB NCI]]> Colony Stimulating Factor (Therapeutic) C388 388 primitive C5a (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance C0009521 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C5a SY NCI]]> C5a C5a (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Smaller fragment formed when C5 convertase splits C5 into C5a and C5b. C5a is a 74-amino acid peptide that includes a carboxy-terminal arginine crucial for its spasmogenic activity and a carbohydrate moiety. C5a is the most potent anaphylatoxin mediating immediate hypersensitivity.]]> C5a (Therapeutic) C389 389 primitive C0009905 Oral Contraceptive Pharmacologic Substance Oral Contraceptive PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.]]> CSP2002 agent taken orally that prevents conception or diminishes its likelihood; may be designed for either male or female.]]> Oral Contraceptive C390 390 primitive C0009924 Pharmacologic Substance Contrast Agent Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Contrast PP CADSR]]> Contrast Agent PT NCI]]> Contrast Contrast Drugs Contrast Medium MSH2002_06_01 Substances used in radiography that allow visualization of certain tissues.]]> Contrast MQ CADSR]]> Contrast Medium SY NCI]]> Contrast Drugs SY NCI]]> Contrast Agent C391 391 primitive C0009968 Copper Element, Ion, or Isotope Copper PT NCI]]> NCI A trace element with atomic number 29 and atomic weight 63 and forms part of enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions of cells.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.]]> Copper C392 392 primitive Corn Oil Lipid C0010029 Food Corn oil SY DTP NSC0404422]]> Corn Oil PT NCI]]> Corn oil MSH2002_06_01 Oil from corn or corn plant.]]> Corn Oil C393 393 primitive Corticosterone Hormone Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C0010124 Corticosterone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)]]> Corticosterone C394 394 primitive C0010132 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Corticotropin Releasing Factor (Therapeutic) Xerecept BR NCI]]> Corticotropin Releasing Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Xerecept MSH2002_06_01 A neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.]]> Corticotropin Releasing Factor (Therapeutic) C395 395 primitive CL054796 Pharmacologic Substance Hormone Steroid Cortisone (Therapeutic) cortisone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045186]]> NCI-GLOSS A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses.]]> Cortisone NCI A corticosteroid having a potent glucocorticoid and a slight mineralocorticoid activity. Current use: include adrenocortical insufficiency, antiinflammatory disorders, certain cancers, diagnostic test and severe allergies. (NCI)]]> Cortisone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Cortisone SY NCI]]> Cortisone (Therapeutic) C396 396 primitive Cosmid Vector Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0010167 Biologically Active Substance Cosmid Vector PT NCI]]> NCI A cloning vector derived from the bacteriophage lambda. Such a vector includes at least one cos site, the target for DNA uptake into bacteriophage particles and integration into the host genome. Cosmid vector can hold larger pieces of foreign DNA (inserts) than plasmids. Cosmids are maintained as circular molecules. Inserts are generally limited to less than 50 Kb.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of phage lambda. They are used as cloning vehicles for the study of aberrant eukaryotic structural genes and also as genetic vectors for introducing the nucleic acid of transforming viruses into cultured cells.]]> Cosmid Vector C397 397 primitive C0010206 Coumarin Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Tonka bean camphor SY DTP NSC0008774]]> Coumarin PT NCI]]> COUMARIN Tonka Bean Camphor Tonka bean camphor NCI an anticoagulant]]> COUMARIN SY DTP NSC0008774]]> Tonka Bean Camphor SY NCI]]> Coumarin C398 398 primitive Diltiazem Hydrochloride Pharmacologic Substance C0010285 Organic Chemical diltiazem HCl SY NCI]]> Cardizem BR NCI]]> diltiazem HCl Cardizem Diltiazem Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> Diltiazem Hydrochloride C399 399 primitive C0010294 Biologically Active Substance Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Creatinine creatinine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044337]]> NCI-GLOSS (cree-AT-ih-nin) A compound that is excreted from the body in urine. Creatinine levels are measured to monitor kidney function.]]> CREA NCI A component of urine and the final product of creatine catabolism.]]> CREATININE SY DTP NSC0013123]]> Creatinine MQ CADSR]]> CREA AB CADSR]]> Creatinine C400 400 primitive Crotoxin Pharmacologic Substance C0010377 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Crotoxin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A specific complex of toxic proteins from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake). It can be separated into a phospholipase A and crotapotin fragment; the latter consists of three different amino acid chains, potentiates the enzyme, and is specifically neurotoxic.]]> Crotoxin C401 401 primitive C0010467 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Curcumin curcumin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046049]]> Curcumin PT NCI]]> CURCUMIN Curcumin MSH2002_06_01 A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.]]> NCI-GLOSS A yellow pigment of the spice turmeric that is being studied in cancer prevention.]]> Curcumin SY DTP NSC0032982]]> CURCUMIN SY DTP NSC0032982]]> Curcumin C402 402 primitive Cyanogen Bromide Inorganic Chemical C0010511 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Cyanogen bromide SY DTP NSC0089684]]> Cyanogen Bromide PT NCI]]> CSP2002 reagent which specifically cleaves peptide bonds at methionine residues, used to hydrolyze proteins for peptide mapping and aminoacid and sequence analysis.]]> Cyanogen bromide MSH2002_06_01 Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.]]> Cyanogen Bromide C403 403 primitive C0010557 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Ancitabine Hydrochloride U-33, 624A CN NCI]]> Cyclocytidine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0145668]]> MSH2002_06_01 Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.]]> NSC-145668 CN NCI]]> NSC-145668 SY DTP NSC0145668]]> Ancitabine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0145668]]> Ancitabine Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> Ancid FB NCI]]> 6H-furo(2',3':4,5)oxazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidine-2-methanol,2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-6-imino-,(2R(2alpha,3beta,3a beta,9a beta)) SY NCI]]> Cyclocytidine SY NCI]]> Cyclocytidine SY DTP NSC0145668]]> CycloCMP hydrochloride CycloCMP Hydrochloride Ancytabine Hydrochloride Ancitabine hydrochloride Ancitabine Ancid 6H-furo(2',3':4,5)oxazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidine-2-methanol,2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-6-imino-,(2R(2alpha,3beta,3a beta,9a beta)) Cyclocytidine Hydrochloride U-33, 624A NSC-145668 Cyclocytidine hydrochloride Cyclocytidine HCL Cyclocytidine Cyclocytidine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Ancitabine SY NCI]]> CycloCMP Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> CycloCMP hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0145668]]> Cyclocytidine HCL SY NCI]]> Ancytabine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Ancitabine Hydrochloride C404 404 primitive Cycloleucine Pharmacologic Substance C0010575 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein NSC-1026 CN NCI]]> Cycloleucine PT NCI]]> Cycloleucine ACPC CB 1639 CB-1639 NSC 1026 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid NSC-1026 MSH2002_06_01 An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.]]> NSC 1026 SY DTP NSC0001026]]> Cycloleucine SY DTP NSC0001026]]> CB-1639 CN NCI]]> 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid SY DTP NSC0001026]]> ACPC AB NCI]]> ACPC SY DTP NSC0001026]]> CB 1639 SY DTP NSC0001026]]> 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid SY NCI]]> Cycloleucine C405 405 primitive 26271 C0010583 Pharmacologic Substance Cyclophosphamide Organophosphorus Compound C358 (-)-Cyclophosphamide SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Asta B 518 CN NCI]]> Carloxan FB NCI]]> CYCLO-cell FB NCI]]> CTX AB NCI]]> CP monohydrate SY NCI]]> CAS-6055-19-2 CN NCI]]> Bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate SY NCI]]> B-518 CN NCI]]> B 518 SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Asta B 518 SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cyclophosphan SY NCI]]> Cyclophosphan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cyclophosphamidum SY NCI]]> Cyclophosphamidum SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cyclophosphamide SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cyclophosphamide PT NCI]]> Cyclophosphamid monohydrate SY NCI]]> Cyclophospham SY NCI]]> Cycloblastine FB NCI]]> Fosfaseron FB NCI]]> Enduxan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Enduxan FB NCI]]> Endoxana SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Endoxana FB NCI]]> Endoxan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Endoxan FB NCI]]> Cytoxan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cytoxan BR NCI]]> WR- 138719 NSC 26271 Genoxal Fosfaseron Enduxan Endoxana Endoxan Cytoxan Cytophosphane Cytophosphan Cyclostine N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate N,N-bis(b-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide monohydrate N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphorodiamidic acid intramolecular ester monohydrate N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate Mitoxan Ledoxina Genuxal Cyclostin Cyclophosphanum Cyclophosphane Cyclophosphan Cyclophosphamidum Cyclophosphamid monohydrate Cyclophospham Cycloblastine Cycloblastin Claphene Clafen Cicloxal Ciclofosfamide Ciclofosfamida Carloxan CYCLO-cell CTX CP monohydrate CAS-6055-19-2 Bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate B-518 B 518 Asta B 518 2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-is(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-,2-oxide 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate 2-[di(chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane 2-oxide monohydrate 2-[bis(b-chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane-2-oxide monohydrate 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide monohydrate 1-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino-1-oxo-2-aza-5-oxaphosphoridin monohydrate (-)-Cyclophosphamide NEOSAR bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphamide cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active ALDOPHOSPHAMIDE. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.]]> NCI Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.]]> cyclophosphamide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045253]]> bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphamide cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate SY NCI]]> Zytoxan SY NCI]]> Sendoxan FB NCI]]> Procytox SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Sendoxan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Syklofosfamid SY NCI]]> WR- 138719 CN NCI]]> Procytox FB NCI]]> Neosar SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Neosar BR NCI]]> NSC 26271 SY DTP NSC0026271]]> NSC 26271 CN NCI]]> NEOSAR BR NCI]]> N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate SY NCI]]> N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate SY NCI]]> N,N-bis(b-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate SY NCI]]> N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide monohydrate SY NCI]]> Zytoxan Syklofosfamid Neosar Procytox Sendoxan N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphorodiamidic acid intramolecular ester monohydrate SY NCI]]> N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric acid ester diamide monohydrate SY NCI]]> Mitoxan SY NCI]]> Mitoxan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Ledoxina FB NCI]]> Genuxal FB NCI]]> Genoxal SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Genoxal FB NCI]]> Cytophosphane SY NCI]]> Cytophosphan SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cytophosphan FB NCI]]> Cyclostine FB NCI]]> Cyclostin SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cyclostin FB NCI]]> Cyclophosphanum SY NCI]]> Cyclophosphane SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Cycloblastin FB NCI]]> Claphene SY NCI]]> Claphene SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Clafen SY DTP NSC0026271]]> Clafen BR NCI]]> Cicloxal FB NCI]]> Ciclofosfamide SY NCI]]> Ciclofosfamida SY NCI]]> 2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-is(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-,2-oxide SY NCI]]> 1-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino-1-oxo-2-aza-5-oxaphosphoridin monohydrate SY NCI]]> 2-[bis(b-chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane-2-oxide monohydrate SY NCI]]> 2-[di(chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane 2-oxide monohydrate SY NCI]]> 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate SY DTP NSC0026271]]> 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide monohydrate SY NCI]]> Cyclophosphamide C406 406 primitive Cyclosporine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance 290193 C230 C0010592 cyclosporine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045187]]> 27-400 SY DTP NSC0290193]]> Sandimmune OL 27-400 MSH2002_06_01 A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).]]> CSP2002 11-residue cyclic peptide produced by certain fungi which has antifungal and T cell specific immunosuppressive properties.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs.]]> Cyclosporin SY NCI]]> Cyclosporin A SY NCI]]> Cyclosporin A SY DTP NSC0290193]]> CsA AB NCI]]> Ciclosporin SY NCI]]> Ciclosporin SY DTP NSC0290193]]> Cyclosporin A Cyclosporine Neoral Sandimmun Cyclosporin Ciclosporin 27-400 CsA SangCya 27-400 CN NCI]]> Neoral BR NCI]]> Sandimmun BR NCI]]> SangCya BR NCI]]> Cyclosporine PT NCI]]> OL 27-400 CN NCI]]> Sandimmune BR NCI]]> Cyclosporine C407 407 primitive C0010621 Cyproterone Steroid Pharmacologic Substance SH-881 CN NCI]]> CAS-2098-66-0 Med Cyproterone BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.]]> SH-881 Med Cyproterone CAS-2098-66-0 CN NCI]]> Cyproterone PT NCI]]> Cyproterone C408 408 primitive Cytosine Arabinoside C0010711 C670 63878 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance cytarabine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045155]]> U-29920A (Hydrochloride) CN NCI]]> U-19920 CN NCI]]> WR-28453 CN NCI]]> Ara-C AB NCI]]> Starasid AQ NCI]]> U 19920 SY DTP NSC0063878]]> Udicil FB NCI]]> Arabine FB NCI]]> 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinone SY DTP NSC0287459]]> .beta.-Cytosine arabinoside SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Cytarbel FB NCI]]> Aracytidine SY NCI]]> Aracytidine SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Arabinosylcytosine SY NCI]]> Arabinosylcytosine SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Arabinofuranosylcytosine SY NCI]]> Arabinofuranosylcytosine SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Aracytine FB NCI]]> Aracytin FB NCI]]> NSC-63878(Hydrochloride) CN NCI]]> Erpalfa FB NCI]]> Cytosine-.beta.-arabinoside SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Cytosine Arabinosine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Cytosine Arabinoside PT NCI]]> Cytosar SY DTP NSC0287459]]> Cytosar FB NCI]]> Cytosar-U BR NCI]]> Alexan FB NCI]]> ARA-cell FB NCI]]> 4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone SY NCI]]> 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl- SY DTP NSC0287459]]> 1.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine SY DTP NSC0287459]]> 1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine SY NCI]]> 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine SY DTP NSC0287459]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> Tarabine PFS BR NCI]]> Cytarabinum SY NCI]]> Cytarabine PT NCI]]> Cytarabine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> CHX-3311 CN NCI]]> CAS-69-74-9 (Hydrochloride) CN NCI]]> CAS-147-94-4 CN NCI]]> Beta-Cytosine Arabinoside SY NCI]]> 1.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinone .beta.-Cytosine arabinoside Cytarabine CHX-3311 CAS-69-74-9 (Hydrochloride) CAS-147-94-4 Udicil Starasid Erpalfa Cytosine-.beta.-arabinoside Cytosine Arabinosine Hydrochloride Cytosar-U Cytosar Cytarbel Cytarabinum U-29920A (Hydrochloride) Tarabine PFS U 19920 U-19920 Cytarabine Hydrochloride Arabinofuranosylcytosine Arabine Ara-C Alexan ARA-cell 4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl- Beta-Cytosine Arabinoside Aracytine Aracytin Aracytidine Arabinosylcytosine NSC-63878(Hydrochloride) WR-28453 MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)]]> Cytosine Arabinoside C409 409 primitive Cytidine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0010715 Cytidine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose.]]> Cytidine C410 410 primitive Cytosine C0010843 Biologically Active Substance Organic Chemical Cytosine PT NCI]]> CYTOSINE SY DTP NSC0027787]]> MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.]]> CSP2002 2-keto-4-aminopyrimidine, one of the 5 major bases (with adenine, guanine, uracil, and thymine) which are a component of nucleic acids.]]> CYTOSINE Cytosine C411 411 primitive 45388 Dacarbazine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0010927 dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole carboxamide SY NCI]]> 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)- SY NCI]]> 4-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-5-carboxamide SY DTP NSC0045388]]> 5(or 4)-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4(or 5)-carboxamide SY NCI]]> Asercit FB NCI]]> CAS-4342-03-4 CN NCI]]> DIC AB NCI]]> DTIC-Dome SY DTP NSC0045388]]> DTIC SY DTP NSC0045388]]> Dimethyl (triazeno) imidazolecarboxamide SY NCI]]> Detimedac FB NCI]]> Deticene SY DTP NSC0045388]]> Deticene FB NCI]]> Dakarbazin SY NCI]]> Dacatic FB NCI]]> Dacarbazine PT NCI]]> Dacarbazina SY NCI]]> Dacarbazina Almirall SY NCI]]> 4-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-5-carboxamide 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)- NSC-45388 dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole carboxamide MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> dacarbazine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045260]]> WR-139007 CN NCI]]> NSC-45388 CN NCI]]> NSC 45388 SY DTP NSC0045388]]> Imidazole carboxamide SY DTP NSC0045388]]> Imidazole Carboxamide SY NCI]]> Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyltriazeno SY NCI]]> Fauldetic FB NCI]]> Dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole-carboximide SY NCI]]> Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide SY NCI]]> Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazol Carboxamide SY NCI]]> DIC DACARBAZINE - DTIC CAS-4342-03-4 Biocarbazine Asercit 5-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide 5-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide 5-(3-3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide 5(or 4)-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4(or 5)-carboxamide Deticene Dakarbazin Dacatic Dacarbazine Dacarbazina Almirall Dacarbazina DTIC-Dome DTIC NSC 45388 WR-139007 Detimedac Imidazole carboxamide Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyltriazeno Imidazole Carboxamide Fauldetic Dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole-carboximide Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazol Carboxamide Dimethyl (triazeno) imidazolecarboxamide DTIC AB NCI]]> DTIC-Dome BR NCI]]> DACARBAZINE - DTIC PT NCI]]> Biocarbazine SY NCI]]> 5-(dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide SY NCI]]> 5-(Dimethyltriazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide SY DTP NSC0045388]]> 5-(3-3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide SY NCI]]> Dacarbazine C412 412 primitive Dactinomycin 3053 C988 C0010934 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic dactinomycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045237]]> Actinomycin IV SY NCI]]> Actinomycin X 1 SY NCI]]> Actinomycin X 1 SY DTP NSC0003053]]> CAS-50-76-0 CN NCI]]> Cosmegen SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Dactinomycin PT NCI]]> ACTINOMYCIN D SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Actinomycin C1 SY NCI]]> NSC-3053 CN NCI]]> Lyovac Cosmegen BR NCI]]> Dactinomycine SY NCI]]> Lyovac cosmegen SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Meractinomycin SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Meractinomycin SY NCI]]> Actinomycin IV SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Actinomycin I1 SY NCI]]> Actinomycin D SY NCI]]> Actinomycin C1 Actinomycin A IV ACTINOMYCIN D 2-bis[Cyclo(N-methyl-L-valyl-sarcosyl-L-prolyl-D-valyl-L-threonyl)]-1,9 dimethyl-4,6 3H-phenoxazinone-3 CAS-50-76-0 NSC-3053 MSH2002_06_01 An antitumor antibiotic derived from Streptomyces parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> NSC-3053 SY DTP NSC0003053]]> Lyovac cosmegen DACT Dactinomycine Lyovac Cosmegen Meractinomycin Cosmegen Actinomycin-[thr-val-pro-sar-meval] Actinomycin X 1 Actinomycin IV Actinomycin I1 Actinomycin D Actinomycin A IV SY NCI]]> 2-bis[Cyclo(N-methyl-L-valyl-sarcosyl-L-prolyl-D-valyl-L-threonyl)]-1,9 dimethyl-4,6 3H-phenoxazinone-3 SY NCI]]> DACT AB NCI]]> Cosmegen BR NCI]]> Actinomycin-[thr-val-pro-sar-meval] SY NCI]]> Dactinomycin C413 413 primitive Dairy Product C0010947 Food Dairy Product PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.]]> Dairy Product C414 414 primitive Danazol 270916 C0010961 C1996 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid danazol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045188]]> Danocrine BR NCI]]> Danocrine SY DTP NSC0270916]]> Danol FB NCI]]> Win 17757 SY DTP NSC0270916]]> Winobanin BR NCI]]> 1-Ethynyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,10,10a,10b,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-10a,12a-dimethyl-1H-cyclopental[7,8]phenanthro[3,2-d]isoxazol-1-ol SY NCI]]> Bonzol FB NCI]]> Chronogyn SY DTP NSC0270916]]> 1-Ethynyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,10,10a,10b,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-10a,12a-dimethyl-1H-cyclopental[7,8]phenanthro[3,2-d]isoxazol-1-ol (17Alpha)-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]-isoxazol-17-ol Danol Winobanin MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.]]> NCI-GLOSS A synthetic hormone that belongs to the family of drugs called androgens and is used to treat endometriosis. It is being evaluated in the treatment of endometrial cancer.]]> Winobanin SY DTP NSC0270916]]> Danazol PT NCI]]> Cyclomen FB NCI]]> Win 17757 Ladogal Win-17757 Danoval Danocrine Danazol Cyclomen Chronogyn Bonzol 17Alpha-ethynyl-17beta-hydroxy-4-androsteno[2,3-d]isoxazole Chronogyn FB NCI]]> 17Alpha-ethynyl-17beta-hydroxy-4-androsteno[2,3-d]isoxazole SY NCI]]> (17Alpha)-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]-isoxazol-17-ol SY NCI]]> Win-17757 CN NCI]]> Ladogal FB NCI]]> Danoval FB NCI]]> Danol SY DTP NSC0270916]]> Danazol C415 415 primitive C0010980 Dapsone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Undolac FB NCI]]> 1358F CN NCI]]> 4,4'-Sulfonylbisbenzeneamine SY NCI]]> 4,4'-Sulfonyldianiline SY DTP NSC0006091]]> 1358F SY DTP NSC0006091]]> 4,4'-Sulfonyldianiline SY NCI]]> Avlosulfon SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone SY NCI]]> Croysulfone SY NCI]]> Dumitone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Disulone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Disulone BR NCI]]> Diphenasone SY NCI]]> Diphenasone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Dapsone PT NCI]]> DDS AB NCI]]> DADPS SY DTP NSC0006091]]> DADPS AB NCI]]> Disulone Diphenasone DDS DADPS Croysulfone Sulfona-Mae Undolac CSP2002 USP lists as a suppressant of dermatitis herpetiformis.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)]]> Bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone Avlosulfon 4,4'-Sulfonyldianiline 4,4'-Sulfonylbisbenzeneamine 1358F Sulfona-MAE Novophone Eporal Dumitone Sulfona-Mae SY NCI]]> Sulphadione SY NCI]]> Sulfona-MAE SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Novophone SY NCI]]> Novophone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Eporal SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Eporal FB NCI]]> Dumitone SY NCI]]> Sulphadione Bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfone Croysulfone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone SY DTP NSC0006091]]> Avlosulfon BR NCI]]> Dapsone C416 416 primitive Deferoxamine 644468 C2566 C0011145 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance deferoxamine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045388]]> Desferrioxamine SY DTP NSC0527604]]> Deferoxamine PT NCI]]> 1-Amino-6,17-dihydroxy-7,10,18,21-tetraoxo-27-(n-acetylhydroxylamino)-6,11,17,22-tetraazaheptaeicosane SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.]]> 1-Amino-6,17-dihydroxy-7,10,18,21-tetraoxo-27-(n-acetylhydroxylamino)-6,11,17,22-tetraazaheptaeicosane N'-[5-[[4-[[5-(Acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutyl]hydroxyamino]pentyl]-N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxybutanediamide Desferrioxamine N-[5-[3-[5-Aminopentyl)hydroxycarbamoyl]propionamido]pentyl]-3-[[5-(N-hydroxyacetamido)pentyl]carbamoyl]propionohydroxamic Acid NCI-GLOSS An iron-chelating agent that removes iron from tumors by inhibiting DNA synthesis and causing cancer cell death. It is used in conjunction with other anticancer agents in pediatric neuroblastoma therapy.]]> N-[5-[3-[5-Aminopentyl)hydroxycarbamoyl]propionamido]pentyl]-3-[[5-(N-hydroxyacetamido)pentyl]carbamoyl]propionohydroxamic Acid SY NCI]]> N'-[5-[[4-[[5-(Acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutyl]hydroxyamino]pentyl]-N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxybutanediamide SY NCI]]> Deferoxamine C417 417 primitive C0011148 Pharmacologic Substance Deferoxamine Mesylate Organic Chemical Desferrioxamine Mesylate SY NCI]]> Desferal SY DTP NSC0527604]]> Desferal BR NCI]]> Deferoxamine Mesylate PT NCI]]> Desferal Desferrioxamine Mesylate Deferoxamine Methanesulfonate SY NCI]]> Deferoxamine mesylate SY DTP NSC0644468]]> Deferoxamine Methanesulfonate Deferoxamine mesylate Deferoxamine Mesylate C418 418 primitive Dehydroemetine C0011184 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Dehydroemetine SY DTP NSC0131546]]> Dehydroemetine PT NCI]]> Dehydroemetine NCI a drug useful for amoebic infections]]> Dehydroemetine C419 419 primitive Demecolcine C0011259 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Demecolcine PT NCI]]> DEMECOLCINE SY DTP NSC0403147]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.]]> DEMECOLCINE Demecolcine C420 420 primitive C0011485 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Deoxycytidine Pharmacologic Substance deoxycytidine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045496]]> Deoxycytidine PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that protects healthy tissues from the toxic effects of anticancer drugs.]]> Deoxycytidine C421 421 primitive Deoxyguanosine C0011503 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Deoxyguanosine SY DTP NSC0022837]]> Deoxyguanosine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.]]> Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanosine C422 422 primitive 345211 Dexamethasone Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C1312 34521 C0011777 dexamethasone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045262]]> Visumetazone SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Spersadex FB NCI]]> Predni-F FB NCI]]> Visumetazone FB NCI]]> Orgadrone FB NCI]]> Mymethasone FB NCI]]> Millicorten FB NCI]]> Loverine FB NCI]]> Fortecortin FB NCI]]> Fortecortin SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Gammacorten BR NCI]]> Gammacorten SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Hexadecadrol SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Hexadecadrol SY NCI]]> Hexadrol BR NCI]]> Hexadrol SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Lokalison-F FB NCI]]> Dexamethasone SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Dexamethasonum SY NCI]]> Dexamonozon FB NCI]]> Dexapos FB NCI]]> Dexinoral FB NCI]]> Dinormon FB NCI]]> Dinormon SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Fluoro-9alpha Methyl-16alpha Prednisolone SY NCI]]> Fluorodelta FB NCI]]> Dekacort SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Deltafluorene FB NCI]]> Deltafluorene SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Deronil BR NCI]]> Deronil SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Desamethasone SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Desamethasone SY NCI]]> Desameton FB NCI]]> Desameton SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Decacort FB NCI]]> Decadrol BR NCI]]> Decadron BR NCI]]> Decadron SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Decalix FB NCI]]> Decameth FB NCI]]> Decasone R.p. BR NCI]]> Deenar BR NCI]]> Dekacort FB NCI]]> Dex-4 BR NCI]]> Dexa-Mamallet FB NCI]]> Dexa-Rhinosan FB NCI]]> Dexa-Scheroson FB NCI]]> Dexa-Scheroson SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Dexa-sine FB NCI]]> Dexace BR NCI]]> Dexacortal FB NCI]]> Dexacortin FB NCI]]> Dexafarma FB NCI]]> Dexafluorene FB NCI]]> Dexalocal FB NCI]]> Dexamecortin FB NCI]]> Dexameth BR NCI]]> Dexameth SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Dexamethasone PT NCI]]> Auxiloson FB NCI]]> Azona FB NCI]]> Baycuten N FB NCI]]> Baycuten FB NCI]]> Corson FB NCI]]> Corson SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Cortidexason FB NCI]]> Cortisumman FB NCI]]> Cortisumman SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Decadron Decadrol Decacort Cortisumman Cortidexason Corson Baycuten N Alin Depot Ocasa Orgadrone Predni-F Spersadex Visumetazone Dexafluorene Dexalocal Dexamecortin Lokalison-F Hexadrol Hexadecadrol Gammacorten Fortecortin Fluorodelta Fluoro-9alpha Methyl-16alpha Prednisolone Dinormon Dexameth Dexamethasone Dexamethasonum Dexamonozon Dexapos Dexinoral Decameth Decasone R.p. Deenar Dekacort Deltafluorene Deronil Desamethasone Desameton Dex-4 Ambene Amplidermis Anemul mono Antimicotico Aquapred Auricularum Auxiloson Azona Baycuten Alin Oftalmico Alin Aknichthol Dexa Aacidexam 9Alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methylprednisolone 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoroprednisolone 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione 1-Dehydro-16alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (11Beta,16alpha)-9-fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione MSH2002_06_01 An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, STEROIDAL)]]> NCI-GLOSS A synthetic steroid (similar to steroid hormones produced naturally in the adrenal gland). Dexamethasone is used to treat leukemia and lymphoma and may be used to treat some of the problems caused by other cancers and their treatment.]]> NCI A potent synthetic ester of glucocorticoid with no mineralocorticoid activity. Current use: include management of asthma; emesis caused by chemotherapy, systemic and topical inflammation, adrenal insufficiency and with certain chemotherapy regimens to treat cancer. (NCI)]]> (11Beta,16alpha)-9-fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> 1-Dehydro-16alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone SY NCI]]> 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-1,4-pregnadiene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-delta1-hydrocortisone SY NCI]]> 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoroprednisolone SY NCI]]> 9Alpha-fluoro-11beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-16alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> 9Alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methylprednisolone SY NCI]]> 9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha- methylprednisolone SY NCI]]> Aacidexam FB NCI]]> Adexone FB NCI]]> Aknichthol Dexa FB NCI]]> Alba-Dex BR NCI]]> Alin Depot FB NCI]]> Loverine Methylfluorprednisolone Millicorten Mymethasone Dexafarma Dexacortin Dexacortal Dexace Dexa-sine Dexa-Scheroson Dexa-Rhinosan Dexa-Mamallet Alba-Dex Adexone 9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha- methylprednisolone 9Alpha-fluoro-11beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-16alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 16Alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluoro-delta1-hydrocortisone Decalix Alin Oftalmico FB NCI]]> Alin FB NCI]]> Ambene FB NCI]]> Amplidermis FB NCI]]> Anemul mono FB NCI]]> Antimicotico FB NCI]]> Aquapred FB NCI]]> Auricularum FB NCI]]> Methylfluorprednisolone SY NCI]]> Millicorten SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Ocasa FB NCI]]> Dexamethasone C423 423 primitive Dextromethorphan C0011816 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Dextromethorphan PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The d-isomer of the codeine analog of LEVORPHANOL. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is a NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is used widely as an antitussive agent, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.]]> Dextromethorphan C424 424 primitive C0011892 Heroin Organic Chemical Heroin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Heroin C425 425 primitive Dianhydrogalactitol Carbohydrate C0011967 Pharmacologic Substance galactitol, 1,2:5,6-dianhydro- (8CI 9CI) SY NCI]]> dulcitol diepoxide SY NCI]]> Galactitol SY NCI]]> NSC-132313 CN NCI]]> DAG AB NCI]]> 1,2:5, 6-Dianhydrogalactitol SY DTP NSC0132313]]> 1,2:5,6 dianhydrogalactitol SY NCI]]> 1,2:5,6-Diepoxydulcitol SY DTP NSC0132313]]> CAS 23261203 CN NCI]]> galactitol, 1,2:5,6-dianhydro- (8CI 9CI) MSH2002_06_01 One of the cytotoxic dihalohexitols that may have alkylating antineoplastic activity. It causes bone marrow toxicity. The active form is thought to be the diepoxide.]]> diepoxygalactitol SY NCI]]> diepoxydulcitol SY NCI]]> dianhydrodulcitol SY NCI]]> NSC 132313 SY DTP NSC0132313]]> Galactitol, 1,2:5,6-dianhydro- (8CI 9CI) SY DTP NSC0132313]]> Dianhydrogalactitol SY DTP NSC0132313]]> Dianhydrodulcitol SY DTP NSC0132313]]> dulcitol diepoxide NSC-132313 Galactitol, 1,2:5,6-dianhydro- (8CI 9CI) 1,2:5, 6-diepoxydulcitol 1,2:5, 6-Dianhydrogalactitol 1,2,5,6 dianhydrogalactitol Dulcitol diepoxide Dianhydrogalactitol Dianhydrodulcitol DAG CAS 23261203 1,2:5,6-dianhydrodulcitol 1,2:5,6-Diepoxydulcitol 1,2:5,6-Dianhydrodulcitol 1,2:5,6 dianhydrogalactitol Galactitol NSC 132313 diepoxydulcitol dianhydrodulcitol diepoxygalactitol 1,2:5,6-dianhydrodulcitol SY NCI]]> 1,2:5,6-Dianhydrodulcitol SY DTP NSC0132313]]> 1,2:5, 6-diepoxydulcitol SY NCI]]> 1,2,5,6 dianhydrogalactitol SY NCI]]> Dianhydrogalactitol PT NCI]]> Dulcitol diepoxide SY DTP NSC0132313]]> Dianhydrogalactitol C426 426 primitive C0012019 Diazonium Compounds Organic Chemical Diazonium Compounds PT NCI]]> Diazonium Compounds C427 427 primitive Diazooxonorleucine Antibiotic C0012020 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein NSC-7365 SY DTP NSC0007365]]> Diazooxonorleucine PT NCI]]> Diazooxonorleucine SY DTP NSC0083700]]> DON AB NCI]]> 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine SY NCI]]> 6-DIAZO-5-OXO-L-NORLEUCINE SY DTP NSC0007365]]> MSH2002_06_01 An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine 6-DIAZO-5-OXO-L-NORLEUCINE Diazooxonorleucine NSC 7365 DON 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine NSC-7365 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine SY NCI]]> 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine SY DTP NSC0007365]]> NSC 7365 CN NCI]]> Diazooxonorleucine C428 428 primitive C0012022 Diazoxide Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Diazoxide PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A peripheral vasodilator that reduces blood pressure. Diazoxide also has antidiuretic and hypoglycemic effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p353)]]> Diazoxide C429 429 primitive C0012131 Dideoxyadenosine Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide ddA AB NCI]]> 6-Amino-9-(2''3'-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pentofuranosyl)purine SY NCI]]> 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine SY NCI]]> Dideoxyadenosine PT NCI]]> 6-Amino-9-(2''3'-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pentofuranosyl)purine 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine ddA MSH2002_06_01 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.]]> Dideoxyadenosine C430 430 primitive Zalcitabine 606170 C0012132 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance ddC AB NCI]]> NSC-606170 CN NCI]]> Zalcitabine PT NCI]]> Hivid BR NCI]]> Dideoxycytidine SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.]]> ddC DIDEOXYCYTIDINE Dideoxycytidine Hivid NSC-606170 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine CSP2002 cytidine analog which inhibits reverse transcriptase and has potential efficacy against AIDS.]]> NCI dideoxycytidine. Pyrimidine nucleoside analog with antiviral activity; has been tried in AIDS.]]> 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine SY NCI]]> 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine SY DTP NSC0606170]]> DIDEOXYCYTIDINE PT NCI]]> Zalcitabine C431 431 primitive 612049 Didanosine C0012133 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance didanosine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044875]]> NSC-612049 CN NCI]]> Videx BR NCI]]> ddI AB NCI]]> Didanosine PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat infection caused by viruses.]]> NCI A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.]]> NSC-612049 DIDEOXYINOSINE (didanosine- Videx) Videx 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine Dideoxyinosine ddI MSH2002_06_01 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.]]> CSP2002 inosine nucleoside analog; antiHIV agent.]]> 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine SY NCI]]> DIDEOXYINOSINE (didanosine- Videx) PT NCI]]> Dideoxyinosine SY NCI]]> Didanosine C432 432 primitive Diethyldithiocarbamate C0012194 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Imuthiol FB NCI]]> Diethyldithione SY NCI]]> Diethyldithiocarbamic Acid SY NCI]]> Diethyldione SY NCI]]> Diethyldithiocarbaminic Acid SY NCI]]> Imuthiol Diethyldithione Diethyldithiocarbamic Acid Diethyldione DIECA Diethyldithiocarbaminic Acid DDTC MSH2002_06_01 A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of man and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.]]> Diethyldithiocarbamate PT NCI]]> DIECA AB NCI]]> DDTC AB NCI]]> Diethyldithiocarbamate C433 433 primitive 3070 Diethylstilbestrol Organic Chemical C1982 Pharmacologic Substance C0012203 Hormone Milestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Microest FB NCI]]> Microest SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Milestrol BR NCI]]> Makarol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Makarol BR NCI]]> Distilbene SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Domestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Estrobene SY DTP NSC0003070]]> 3-Hexene,3,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)- SY DTP NSC0003070]]> 3,4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene SY NCI]]> 3, 4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene SY DTP NSC0003070]]> .alpha., .alpha.'-Diethylstilbenediol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> (E)-4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bisphenol SY NCI]]> Fonatol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Fonatol BR NCI]]> Estrosyn SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Estrosyn BR NCI]]> Oestromensyl SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Oestromensyl FB NCI]]> Oestromenin SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Oestromenin BR NCI]]> Oestrogenine SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Oestrogenine BR NCI]]> Neo-Oestronol I BR NCI]]> Bufon SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Bufon FB NCI]]> Sibol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Sibol FB NCI]]> Sexocretin SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Sexocretin FB NCI]]> Serral SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Serral FB NCI]]> Palestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Palestrol AQ NCI]]> Oestromon BR NCI]]> Boestrol FB NCI]]> Apstil FB NCI]]> Antigestil SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Antigestil FB NCI]]> Alpha,alpha'-diethylstilbenediol SY NCI]]> Acnestrol BR NCI]]> 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethylstilbene SY NCI]]> 4,4'-Dihydroxy-.alpha., .beta.-diethylstilbene SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilboestroform BR NCI]]> Stilboefral SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilboefral FB NCI]]> Stilbetin SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilbetin BR NCI]]> Stilbestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilbestrol BR NCI]]> Sinestrol SY NCI]]> Sinestrol SY DTP NSC0009894]]> DES AB NCI]]> Cyren A SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Cyren A BR NCI]]> CAS-56-53-1 CN NCI]]> diethylstilbestrol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046021]]> Vagestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Vagestrol BR NCI]]> Trans-bis-(hydroxy-4-phenyl)-3,4 hexene-3 SY NCI]]> Synthoestrin BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (dye-ETH-ul-stil-BES-trol) DES. A synthetic hormone that was prescribed from the early 1940s until 1971 to help women with complications of pregnancy. DES has been linked to an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used DES. DES may also increase the risk of breast cancer in women who used DES.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)]]> NCI-GLOSS Diethylstilbestrol. A synthetic hormone that was prescribed from the early 1940s until 1971 to help women with complications of pregnancy. DES has been linked to an increased risk of clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used DES. DES may also increase the risk of breast cancer in women who used DES.]]> NCI RAEB: Synthetic estrogen causing genital malformations and cancer from in utero exposure.]]> Grafestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Distilbene FB NCI]]> Diethylstilboestrol SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrolum SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol SY RAEB-2]]> Trans-bis-(hydroxy-4-phenyl)-3,4 hexene-3 Stilboestrol Dipropionate Stilboestrol Stilkap Synestrin Synthoestrin Oestromon Oestromensyl Oestromenin Oestrogenine Neo-Oestronol I Milestrol Microest Makarol Grafestrol Stilboestroform Stilboefral Stilbetin Stilbestrol Sinestrol Sibol Sexocretin Serral Palestrol Fonatol Estrosyn Estrobene Domestrol Distilbene Diethylstilboestrol Diethylstilbestrolum Apstil Antigestil Alpha,alpha'-diethylstilbenediol Acnestrol 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethylstilbene 4,4'-Dihydroxy-.alpha., .beta.-diethylstilbene 3-Hexene,3,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)- 3,4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene 3, 4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene .alpha., .alpha.'-Diethylstilbenediol (E)-4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bisphenol Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate Diethylstilbenediol Diastyl Deladumone DES Cyren A CAS-56-53-1 Bufon Boestrol Vagestrol Diethylstilbestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Diethylstilbestrol PT NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbenediol SY NCI]]> Diastyl SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Diastyl BR NCI]]> Deladumone BR NCI]]> DES PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044873]]> Synestrin SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Synestrin BR NCI]]> Stilkap SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilkap FB NCI]]> Stilboestrol SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Stilboestrol BR NCI]]> Stilboestrol Dipropionate SY NCI]]> Stilboestroform SY DTP NSC0003070]]> Estrobene BR NCI]]> Domestrol BR NCI]]> Grafestrol FB NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol C434 434 primitive Digestant C0012237 Chemical Viewed Functionally Digestant PT NCI]]> NCI 1. Aiding digestion. 2. An agent that favors or assists the process of digestion.]]> Digestant C435 435 primitive C0012262 Lipid Diacylglycerol Biologically Active Substance Diacylglycerol PT NCI]]> NCI Glycerol with two esterified acyl moieties, either 1,3-diacylglycerol or 1,2-diacylglycerol; if the two acyl groups are nonidentical, there are four possible stereoisomers; 1,2-diacylglycerol is an intermediate in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and of lecithin; also serves as a second messenger in stimulating the activity of protein kinase C. (STED98)]]> Diacylglycerol C436 436 primitive C0012306 Hydromorphone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance hydromorphone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045217]]> Laudicon SY DTP NSC0019046]]> Novolauden BR NCI]]> Laudicon BR NCI]]> (-)-Hydromorphone SY DTP NSC0019046]]> Dihydromorphinone SY NCI]]> Dilaudid BR NCI]]> Hydromorphon SY DTP NSC0019046]]> Hymorphan BR NCI]]> Hydromorphon Dimorphone Dilaudid HP Dilaudid Dihydromorphinone (-)-Hydromorphone Novolauden MSH2002_06_01 An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to relieve pain.]]> Laudicon Hymorphan Hydrostat Hydromorphone SY DTP NSC0019046]]> Dilaudid SY DTP NSC0117862]]> Dilaudid HP BR NCI]]> Dihydromorphinone SY DTP NSC0019046]]> Dimorphone BR NCI]]> Hydromorphon SY NCI]]> Hydrostat BR NCI]]> Hydromorphone C437 437 primitive Dimethyl Sulfoxide C0012403 Pharmacologic Substance 763 Inorganic Chemical dimethyl sulfoxide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044097]]> SQ 9453 SY DTP NSC0000763]]> Dromisol SY DTP NSC0000763]]> Domoso SY DTP NSC0000763]]> SQ-9453 CN NCI]]> Dimethyl Sulfoxide PT NCI]]> (DMSO) SY DTP NSC0000763]]> DMSO PT NCI]]> Demasorb FB NCI]]> DMSO (DMSO) SQ-9453 MSH2002_06_01 A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during cryopreservation. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.]]> NCI-GLOSS A colorless liquid that readily dissolves many chemicals and penetrates animal and plant tissues. It is used in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and pharmaceuticals.]]> Dromisol FB NCI]]> Domoso FB NCI]]> Demeso SY DTP NSC0000763]]> Demasorb SY DTP NSC0000763]]> SQ 9453 Dromisol Domoso Demeso Demasorb DMSO SY DTP NSC0000763]]> DMSO AB NCI]]> Demeso FB NCI]]> Dimethyl Sulfoxide C438 438 primitive C0012429 Dimethylhydrazines Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Dimethylhydrazines PT NCI]]> Dimethylhydrazine SY DTP NSC0060517]]> MSH2002_06_01 Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.]]> Dimethylhydrazine Dimethylhydrazines C439 439 primitive C0012460 Dinitrochlorobenzene Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Dinitrochlorobenzene PT NCI]]> CAS-97-00-7 CN NCI]]> DNCB AB NCI]]> DNCB SY DTP NSC0006292]]> 1,3-Dinitro-4-chlorobenzene SY DTP NSC0006292]]> 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzol SY NCI]]> 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene SY NCI]]> DNCB 1,3-dinitro-4-chlorobenzene CAS-97-00-7 2-4 Dinitrochlorobenzene 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene 2,4-Dinitro-1-chlorobenzene 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzol 1,3-Dinitro-4-chlorobenzene MSH2002_06_01 A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.]]> 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene SY DTP NSC0006292]]> 1,3-dinitro-4-chlorobenzene SY NCI]]> 2,4-Dinitro-1-chlorobenzene SY DTP NSC0006292]]> 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene SY NCI]]> 2-4 Dinitrochlorobenzene SY NCI]]> Dinitrochlorobenzene C440 440 primitive Dinitrofluorobenzene C0012463 Organic Chemical Sanger's Reagent SY NCI]]> DNFB SY DTP NSC0033519]]> Dinitrofluorobenzene PT NCI]]> DNFB AB NCI]]> CAS-70-34-8 CN NCI]]> 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene SY DTP NSC0033519]]> 2,4-nitrofluorobenzene SY NCI]]> Sanger's Reagent 2,4-nitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene DNFB 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 2,4-dinitrobenzene fluoride CAS-70-34-8 MSH2002_06_01 Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.]]> 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene SY NCI]]> 2,4-dinitrobenzene fluoride SY NCI]]> Dinitrofluorobenzene SY DTP NSC0033519]]> Dinitrofluorobenzene C441 441 primitive C0012467 Dinitrophenyl Compounds Organic Chemical Dinitrophenyl Compounds PT NCI]]> Dinitrophenyl Compounds C442 442 primitive Dioxin Compound Organic Chemical C0012503 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Dioxins PT NCI]]> Dioxin SY RAEB-2]]> Dioxins Dioxin MSH2002_06_01 Chlorinated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms that are present as contaminants of herbicides. Dioxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. They have been banned from use by the FDA.]]> Dioxin Compound C443 443 primitive C0012544 Biphosphonate Organophosphorus Compound Pharmacologic Substance diphosphonates PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044818]]> Diphosphonate SY NCI]]> Diphosphonates SY NCI]]> Biphosphonate PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A family of drugs used to treat osteoporosis and the bone pain caused by some types of cancer. Also called diphosphonates.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.]]> Diphosphonate Diphosphonates NCI-GLOSS A family of drugs used to treat osteoporosis and the bone pain caused by some types of cancer. Also called bisphosphonates.]]> bisphosphonates PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044817]]> Biphosphonate C444 444 primitive Diphtheria Toxin C0012550 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Diphtheria Toxin PT NCI]]> NCI A 60 kD single chain protein elaborated by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes the sign and symptoms of diphtheria; it can be broken into two unequal fragments, the smaller (A fragment) inhibits protein synthesis and is the lethal moiety that needs the larger (B fragment) for entry into cells.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A 60 kD single chain protein elaborated by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes the sign and symptoms of diphtheria; it can be broken into two unequal fragments, the smaller (A fragment) inhibits protein synthesis and is the lethal moiety that needs the larger (B fragment) for entry into cells.]]> Diphtheria Toxin C445 445 primitive Dipyridamole 515776 C0012582 C1694 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance dipyridamole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045193]]> Dipyridamole PT NCI]]> Persantine BR NCI]]> Persantine SY DTP NSC0515776]]> Persantine MSH2002_06_01 A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that prevents blood cell clumping and enhances the effectiveness of fluorouracil and other chemotherapeutic agents.]]> Dipyridamole C446 446 primitive C0012750 Antibiotic Distamycin Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Distamycins SY NCI]]> Distamycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Distamycins MSH2002_06_01 Oligopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces distallicus. Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids.]]> Distamycin Antibiotic C447 447 primitive C0012772 Disulfiram Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance disulfiram PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045444]]> Disulfiram PT NCI]]> Antabuse SY DTP NSC0025953]]> Antabuse BR NCI]]> Disulfiram SY DTP NSC0025953]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that slows the metabolism of retinoids, allowing them to act over a longer period of time.]]> Antabuse MSH2002_06_01 A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.]]> Disulfiram C448 448 primitive Diuretic C0012798 Pharmacologic Substance diuretic PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045298]]> Diuretic PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that increases the production of urine.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.]]> Diuretic C449 449 primitive C0012854 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide DNA deoxyribonucleic acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044393]]> DNA PT NCI]]> DNA PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045671]]> Deoxyribonucleic acid SY DTP NSC0077460]]> MSH2002_06_01 A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).]]> NCI-GLOSS DNA. The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next.]]> NCI-GLOSS Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next.]]> Deoxyribonucleic Acid SY NCI]]> Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA C450 450 primitive DNA Insertion Elements C0012868 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Nucleotide Sequence Transposable Element SY NCI]]> DNA Insertion Elements PT NCI]]> Transposable Element MSH2002_06_01 Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.]]> DNA Insertion Elements C451 451 primitive DNA Probes Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0012893 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid DNA Probes PT NCI]]> NCI A piece of DNA that has been labeled, usually radioactively or with a fluorescent dye, which is used in hybridization studies. Applications include Northern and Southern blots, in situ hybridization techniques, and diagnostic tests. DNA probes can be highly specific or degenerate.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.]]> DNA Probes C452 452 primitive C0012895 DNA Probes, HPV Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide DNA Probes, HPV PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 DNA probes specific for the identification of human papilloma virus.]]> DNA Probes, HPV C453 453 primitive Recombinant DNA Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0012931 Biologically Active Substance Recombinant DNA PT NCI]]> Molecular Biology, Recombinant DNA SY NCI]]> NCI Altered DNA resulting from the insertion into the chain, by chemical, enzymatic, or biological means, of a sequence (a whole or partial chain of DNA) not originally (biologically) present in that chain. (STED98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.]]> Molecular Biology, Recombinant DNA CSP2002 DNA artificially constructed by combining genes from different organisms or by cloning chemically altered DNA, usually for the purpose of genetic manipulation.]]> Recombinant DNA C454 454 primitive C0013015 Domperidone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance R 33,812 SY DTP NSC0299589]]> R 33,812 CN NCI]]> KW 5338 SY DTP NSC0299589]]> Domperidone SY DTP NSC0299589]]> Motilium SY DTP NSC0299589]]> Domperidone PT NCI]]> Motilium FB NCI]]> R 33,812 KW 5338 Motilium Domperidone MSH2002_06_01 A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.]]> KW 5338 CN NCI]]> Domperidone C455 455 primitive Dopamine C0013030 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Dopamine SY DTP NSC0173182]]> Dopamine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.]]> Dopamine Dopamine C456 456 primitive 123127 Organic Chemical Antibiotic Doxorubicin C0013089 C1010 doxorubicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045140]]> Hydroxyldaunorubicin SY NCI]]> Doxorubicina SY NCI]]> Doxorubicin PT NCI]]> Hydroxyl Daunorubicin SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors.]]> Hydroxyldaunorubicin Hydroxyl Daunorubicin Doxorubicina 14-Hydroxydaunomycin (8S-cis)-10-[(3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. It is an anthracycline.]]> NCI Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors.]]> Doxorubicin SY DTP NSC0123127]]> 14-Hydroxydaunomycin SY NCI]]> (8S-cis)-10-[(3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione SY NCI]]> Doxorubicin C457 457 primitive Doxycycline C0013090 Antibiotic Carbohydrate doxycycline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045495]]> Vibramycin BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.]]> Doxycycline PT NCI]]> Vibramycin MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic TETRACYCLINE derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM).]]> Doxycycline C458 458 primitive C0013136 Organic Chemical Droperidol Pharmacologic Substance Inapsine SY DTP NSC0169874]]> Droperidol PT NCI]]> Inapsine BR NCI]]> Inapsine MSH2002_06_01 A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)]]> Droperidol C459 459 primitive Medication C0013227 Pharmacologic Substance Medication OC CADSR]]> MEDS AB CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.]]> CSP2002 biologically active substance, including those intended for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease or other abnormalities, for the relief of suffering, or control or improvement of a physical or mental state; includes biological products.]]> MEDS Medication C460 460 primitive C0013254 Pentetic Acid Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Pentetic Acid PT NCI]]> Detarex FB NCI]]> Detapac SY DTP NSC0007340]]> Detapac BR NCI]]> (Diethylenetriamine)pentaacetic acid SY DTP NSC0007340]]> Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid SY NCI]]> Detarex SY DTP NSC0007340]]> DTPA AB NCI]]> Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Detarex Detapac (Diethylenetriamine)pentaacetic acid DTPA NCI A chelating agent that forms complexes with transition metals, such as iron and zinc, and with radioisotopes for use as imaging agents.]]> Pentetic Acid C461 461 primitive Dye Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0013343 Dye PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical substances that are used to stain and color other materials. The coloring may or may not be permanent. Dyes can also be used as therapeutic agents and test reagents in medicine and scientific research.]]> Dye C462 462 primitive Echinomycin C0013508 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic Quinomycin A SY NCI]]> Echinomycin PT NCI]]> Bis-Quinoline Analogue SY NCI]]> NSC-526417 CN NCI]]> NCI a bifunctional intercalating agent]]> Quinomycin A NSC-526417 Bis-Quinoline Analogue MSH2002_06_01 A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.]]> Echinomycin C463 463 primitive Eicosanoid C0013725 Biologically Active Substance Eicosanoid Eicosanoid PT NCI]]> NCI Any product of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, e.g., the prostaglandins, thromboxanes, HETEs, and leukotrienes. The eicosanoids can collectively mediate almost every aspect of the inflammatory response.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of oxygenated, endogenous, unsaturated fatty acids derived from arachidonic acid. They include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid compounds (HETE). They are hormone-like substances that act near the site of synthesis without altering functions throughout the body.]]> Eicosanoid C464 464 primitive C0013832 Inorganic Chemical Electrolytes electrolytes PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044338]]> ELECT AB CADSR]]> NCI-GLOSS (eh-LEK-tro-lites) Substances that break up into ions (electrically charged particles) when they are dissolved in body fluids or water. Some examples are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Electrolytes are primarily responsible for the movement of nutrients into cells and the movement of wastes out of cells.]]> Electrolytes OC CADSR]]> ELECT MSH2002_06_01 Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Electrolytes C465 465 primitive Radioactive Elements C0013880 Element, Ion, or Isotope Pharmacologic Substance Radioactive Elements PT NCI]]> Elements, radioactive SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Elements which exhibit atomic emission due to natural or artificial nuclear transformation. These elements spontaneously undergo radioactive decay.]]> Elements, radioactive Radioactive Elements C466 466 primitive C0013982 Pharmacologic Substance Emodin Organic Chemical Emodin PT NCI]]> 3-Methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxy-antraquinone SY NCI]]> EMODIN SY DTP NSC0408120]]> MSH2002_06_01 Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies.]]> 3-Methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxy-antraquinone EMODIN Emodin C467 467 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Emollient Emollient PT NCI]]> Unneeded header MSH2002_06_01 Oleagenous substances used topically to soothe, soften or protect skin or mucous membranes. They are used also as vehicles for other dermatologic agents.]]> Unneeded header Emollient C468 468 primitive C0014025 Enalapril Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance enalapril PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045508]]> Enacard BR NCI]]> Enalapril PT NCI]]> Enalapril Maleate SY NCI]]> Renitec FB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antihypertensive agent that can also be used to slow or prevent the progression of heart disease in people with childhood cancer treated with drugs that may be harmful to the heart.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR that is used to treat hypertension.]]> Enalapril Maleate Renitec Enacard Vasotec CSP2002 1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl-L-alanyl- L-proline (as 1'-ethyl ester, maleate 1:1), is an ACE inhibitor used as an antihypertensive.]]> Vasotec BR NCI]]> Enalapril C469 469 primitive Endorphin C0014242 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Endorphin PT NCI]]> Endogenous Opiates SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the pro-opiomelanocortin precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group.]]> Endogenous Opiates Endorphin C470 470 primitive C0014372 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Enterotoxin Organic Chemical Enterotoxin PT NCI]]> NCI Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.]]> Enterotoxin C471 471 primitive Enzyme Inhibitor C0014432 Pharmacologic Substance Enzyme Inhibitor PT NCI]]> Enzyme Inhibitor Drug SY NCI]]> Enzyme Antagonist SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.]]> Enzyme Inhibitor Agent SY NCI]]> Enzyme Inhibitor Drug Enzyme Inhibitor Agent Enzyme Antagonist Enzyme Inhibitor C472 472 primitive C0014479 Ephedrine Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Ephedrine PT NCI]]> EPHEDRINE SY DTP NSC0008971]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.]]> EPHEDRINE Ephedrine C473 473 primitive Epinephrine (Therapeutic) Organic Chemical C0014563 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Pharmacologic Substance epinephrine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045404]]> Adrenaline Epi NCI-GLOSS A hormone and neurotransmitter. Also called adrenaline.]]> Adrenaline SY NCI]]> Epinephrine (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Epinephrine SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics.]]> NCI-GLOSS A hormone and neurotransmitter. Also called epinephrine.]]> Epi AB NCI]]> adrenaline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046758]]> Epinephrine (Therapeutic) C474 474 primitive 256942 Epirubicin Antibiotic Organic Chemical C1018 C0014582 epirubicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045194]]> IMI-28 Epi DX 4'-Epidoxorubicin 3-Glycoloyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside (8S-cis)-10-[(-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexpyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione 4'-Epiadriamycin NSC-256942 Pidorubicin NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anthracycline antibiotic which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer and acute leukemia. It is equal in activity to doxorubicin but exhibits less acute toxicities and less cardiotoxicity.]]> NCI An anthracycline antibiotic which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer and acute leukemia. It is equal in activity to doxorubicin but exhibits less acute toxicities and less cardiotoxicity.]]> Epirubicin PT NCI]]> 4'-Epidoxorubicin SY NCI]]> 4'-Epiadriamycin SY DTP NSC0256942]]> (8S-cis)-10-[(-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexpyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione SY NCI]]> 3-Glycoloyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranoside SY NCI]]> NSC-256942 CN NCI]]> Pidorubicin SY NCI]]> IMI-28 CN NCI]]> 4'-Epiadriamycin SY NCI]]> Epi DX AB NCI]]> Epirubicin C475 475 primitive C0014630 Chemical Viewed Structurally Epoxide Compound Epoxide Compound PT NCI]]> CSP2002 3-membered organic ring structure containing oxygen.]]> Epoxide Compound C476 476 primitive Erythromycin C0014806 Antibiotic Carbohydrate Robimycin BR NCI]]> Erythro Eryc Ery-Tab ERYTHROMYCIN MSH2002_06_01 A bacteriostatic antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.]]> Erythromycin PT NCI]]> Erythro SY NCI]]> Eryderm SY DTP NSC0055929]]> Eryc SY DTP NSC0055929]]> EryDerm BR NCI]]> Ery-Tab BR NCI]]> ERYTHROMYCIN SY DTP NSC0055929]]> ERYC BR NCI]]> ERYC E-Mycin EryDerm Eryderm Erythrocin RP-Mycin Pediamycin Ilotycin Robimycin RP-Mycin BR NCI]]> RP-Mycin SY DTP NSC0009161]]> Ilotycin BR NCI]]> E-Mycin BR NCI]]> Erythrocin BR NCI]]> Pediamycin BR NCI]]> Pediamycin SY DTP NSC0055929]]> Erythromycin C477 477 primitive 628281 Erythropoietin (Recombinant) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance C2606 C0014822 Hematopoietin SY NCI]]> Erythropoietin EPO (recombinant) Erythrocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Erythrocyte Colony Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> Erythropoietin (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Produced in the adult kidney, a colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of red blood cells.]]> Hematopoietin MSH2002_06_01 Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the kidney in the adult and the liver in the fetus, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.]]> EPO (recombinant) AB NCI]]> Erythropoietin PT NCI]]> Erythropoietin (Recombinant) C478 478 primitive Estradiol (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance C0014912 Hormone Steroid Progynon SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Ovocylin Estraldine Diogynets Estrace Progynon MSH2002_06_01 The most potent mammalian estrogenic hormone. It is produced in the ovary, placenta, testis, and possibly the adrenal cortex.]]> NCI Estradiol (E2). beta-estradiol; 17 beta-estradiol; 1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol; the most potent naturally occurring estrogen in mammals, formed by the ovary, placenta, testis, and possibly the adrenal cortex; therapeutic indications for estradiol are those typical of an estrogen. alpha-Estradiol, (17 alpha-estradiol), exhibits considerably less biologic activity. Estradiol is used in the treatment of menstrual disorders, menopause problems, etc. SYN estrogenic hormone, oestradiol.]]> Ovocylin FB NCI]]> Estraldine SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Dimenformon 17 Beta-Estradiol Aquadiol Diogyn Estrace SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Diogynets SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Diogyn SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Diogyn FB NCI]]> Dimenformon SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Dimenformon FB NCI]]> Aquadiol SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Aquadiol BR NCI]]> Estraldine SY NCI]]> Estradiol (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Estrace BR NCI]]> 17 Beta-Estradiol SY NCI]]> Diogynets FB NCI]]> Ovocylin SY DTP NSC0009895]]> Progynon FB NCI]]> Estradiol (Therapeutic) C479 479 primitive 89201 Estramustine C0014921 Steroid C928 Pharmacologic Substance estramustine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045195]]> Ro 22-2296/000 Estradiol 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] 17beta-(estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] CAS-2998-57-4 estra-1,3,5(10)triene-317beta-diol 3-[N,N-bis-(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] estradiol 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate MSH2002_06_01 A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.]]> NCI-GLOSS A combination of the hormone estradiol (an estrogen) and nitrogen mustard (an anticancer drug). Used in the palliative therapy of prostate cancer.]]> Estradiol 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] SY DTP NSC0089201]]> 17beta-(estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] SY NCI]]> CAS-2998-57-4 CN NCI]]> estra-1,3,5(10)triene-317beta-diol 3-[N,N-bis-(2-chloroethyl)carbamate] SY NCI]]> Estramustine PT NCI]]> Ro 22-2296/000 CN NCI]]> estradiol 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate SY NCI]]> Estramustine C480 480 primitive Steroid Estramustine Phosphate Sodium Pharmacologic Substance Ro-21-8837/001 CN NCI]]> Leo 299 Estramustine phosphate Estramustine Phosphate Estracyt Emcyt Estramustine 17-(Dihydrogenphosphate) Disodium Salt Estramustine Sodium Phosphate Estramustine sodium phosphate Leo-299 NSC-89199 Ro-21-8837/001 Estramustine sodium phosphate SY DTP NSC0702294]]> Estramustine Sodium Phosphate SY NCI]]> Estramustine Phosphate Sodium PT NCI]]> Estracyt SY DTP NSC0089199]]> Estracyt FB NCI]]> Leo 299 SY DTP NSC0089199]]> Estramustine phosphate SY DTP NSC0089199]]> Estramustine Phosphate SY NCI]]> Emcyt BR NCI]]> Estramustine 17-(Dihydrogenphosphate) Disodium Salt SY NCI]]> NSC-89199 CN NCI]]> Leo-299 CN NCI]]> Estramustine Phosphate Sodium C481 481 primitive Antiestrogen Pharmacologic Substance C0014930 antiestrogen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044813]]> Anti-Estrogens Estrogen Antagonist Antiestrogens Antiestrogenic Estrogen Inhibitor MSH2002_06_01 Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogen.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that blocks the activity of estrogens, the family of hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics.]]> Antiestrogenic SY NCI]]> Antiestrogens SY NCI]]> Estrogen Inhibitor SY NCI]]> NCI Substances that inhibit or antagonize the biologic effects of estrogens by either antagonizing the responsiveness of estrogen sensitive tissues or competing with their binding sites.]]> Anti-Estrogens SY NCI]]> Antiestrogen PT NCI]]> Estrogen Antagonist SY NCI]]> Antiestrogen C482 482 primitive Conjugated Estrogens 18313 C0014938 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Tag-39 CN NCI]]> Estrogens, Conjugated Femest Tag-39 MSH2002_06_01 An amorphous preparation containing water-soluble, conjugated forms of mixed estrogens obtained either wholly or partly from the urine of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. The principal estrogen present is sodium estrone sulfate. The total estrogenic potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Conjugated Estrogens PT NCI]]> CONJUGATED ESTROGEN - PREMARIN PT NCI]]> Conestron FB NCI]]> Estrogens, Conjugated SY NCI]]> Sodestrin FB NCI]]> CONJUGATED ESTROGEN - PREMARIN Conestron Sodestrin Premarin Premarin BR NCI]]> Premarin SY DTP NSC0018313]]> Femest BR NCI]]> Conjugated Estrogens C483 483 primitive Estrogen (Therapeutic) C0014939 Hormone Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Oestrogens SY NCI]]> Oestrogens MSH2002_06_01 A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of secondary female sex characteristics and control of the cyclical changes in the reproductive cycle. They are also required for pregnancy maintenance and have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism and water retention.]]> Estrogen (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Estrogen (Therapeutic) C484 484 primitive C0014942 Pharmacologic Substance Estrone (Therapeutic) Hormone Steroid Theelin SY NCI]]> Estrone Oestrone SY NCI]]> Theelin SY DTP NSC0009699]]> MSH2002_06_01 A metabolite of estradiol but possessing less biological activity. It is found in the urine of pregnant women and mares, in the human placenta, and in the urine of bulls and stallions. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), estrone may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).]]> Oestrone Theelin Estrone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Estrone SY NCI]]> Estrone (Therapeutic) C485 485 primitive C0014963 Ethacrynic Acid Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Sodium Ethacrynate SY NCI]]> Sodium Edecrin Ethacrynate Sodium Edecrin Sodium Edecrin Ethacrynic acid Sodium Ethacrynate MSH2002_06_01 A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracelluar fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.]]> Ethacrynic acid SY DTP NSC0624008]]> Ethacrynic Acid PT NCI]]> Edecrin SY DTP NSC0085791]]> Sodium Edecrin BR NCI]]> Ethacrynate Sodium SY NCI]]> Edecrin BR NCI]]> Edecrin Sodium BR NCI]]> Ethacrynic Acid C486 486 primitive C0015011 Pharmacologic Substance Ethinyl Estradiol Hormone Steroid Orestralyn SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Ethinoral Diogyn-E Diogyn E Estinyl Ethinylestradiol Lynoral Inestra Eticylol Feminone Orestralyn MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic estrogen with high oral estrogenic potency. It is often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives.]]> Lynoral SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Ethinoral SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Ethinoral BR NCI]]> Estinyl SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Estinyl BR NCI]]> Diogyn-E SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Diogyn E SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Diogyn E FB NCI]]> Inestra SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Inestra FB NCI]]> Feminone SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Feminone BR NCI]]> Eticylol SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Eticylol FB NCI]]> Ethinylestradiol SY NCI]]> Ethinylestradiol SY DTP NSC0010973]]> Orestralyn BR NCI]]> Ethinyl Estradiol PT NCI]]> Lynoral FB NCI]]> Ethinyl Estradiol C487 487 primitive C0015018 Ethiodized Oil Lipid Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Ethiodol SY NCI]]> Ethiodol MSH2002_06_01 Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Ethiodized Oil PT NCI]]> Ethiodized Oil C488 488 primitive Amifostine 296961 C0015020 Organophosphorus Compound Pharmacologic Substance amifostine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045250]]> S-(N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-aminoethyl)thiophosphoric Acid Gammaphos Ethiofos MSH2002_06_01 A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used as a chemoprotective drug to control some of the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.]]> YM-08310 FB NCI]]> S-(N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-aminoethyl)thiophosphoric Acid SY NCI]]> NSC-296961 CN NCI]]> WR 2721 SY DTP NSC0296961]]> WR-2721 CN NCI]]> Gammaphos SY NCI]]> Ethyol BR NCI]]> Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric Acid APAETP Amifostine ETHIOFOS Ethyol NSC-296961 WR 2721 WR-2721 YM-08310 APAETP AB NCI]]> Amifostine PT NCI]]> Amifostine SY DTP NSC0296961]]> ETHIOFOS PT NCI]]> Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphoric Acid SY NCI]]> Ethiofos SY NCI]]> Gammaphos SY DTP NSC0296961]]> Amifostine C489 489 primitive Etoglucid Pharmacologic Substance C0015039 Organic Chemical triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether SY NCI]]> Triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether MSH2002_06_01 Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.]]> Etoglucid SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Ethoglucid SY NCI]]> Ethane, 1, 2-bis[2-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]- SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Epodyl BR NCI]]> 2,2'-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane-1,12-diyl)bisoxirane SY NCI]]> 1,2:15,16-diepoxy-4,7,10,13-tetraoxahexadecane SY NCI]]> ICI-32865 ICI 32865 Etoglucid Ethane, 1, 2-bis[2-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]- 2,2'-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane-1,12-diyl)bisoxirane 1,2:15,16-Diepoxy-4,7,10, 13-tetraoxahexadecane 1,2-Bis[2-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]ethane 1,2-bis[2-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]ethane 1,2:15,16-diepoxy-4,7,10,13-tetraoxahexadecane Epodyl Ethoglucid 1,2:15,16-Diepoxy-4,7,10, 13-tetraoxahexadecane SY DTP NSC0080439]]> 1,2-bis[2-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]ethane SY NCI]]> 1,2-Bis[2-(2, 3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]ethane SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Epodyl SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Ethoglucid SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Etoglucid PT NCI]]> ICI 32865 SY DTP NSC0080439]]> Triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether SY DTP NSC0080439]]> ICI-32865 CN NCI]]> Etoglucid C490 490 primitive C0015079 Ethylene Dibromide Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Ethylene Dibromide PT RAEB-2]]> NCI Ethylene dibromide. Fumigant and gasoline additive. Occupational carcinogen.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.]]> EDB EDB AB NCI]]> Ethylene Dibromide PT NCI]]> Ethylene Dibromide C491 491 primitive Etoposide C0015133 Pharmacologic Substance 141540 Carbohydrate etoposide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045189]]> NSC-141540 Lastet Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-[4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside 9-[(4,6-O-Ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one EPEG NSC 141540 VP 16-213 VP-16-213 VP-16 Vepesid NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that is a podophyllotoxin derivative and belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.]]> CSP2002 glucopyranosyl substituted naphthalene derived from podophyllin; mutagen and immunosuppressant used in combination antineoplastic therapy for several human malignancies.]]> NCI VP16; 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside); 9-((4,6-O-Ethylidine-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyloxyphenyl)furo (3',4'':6,7)naptho-(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6 (5aH)-one. Topoisomerase II inhibitor with antitumor activity. Acts by stabilizing an intermediate in the Topoisomerase II reaction without DNA intercalation.]]> Vepesid BR NCI]]> VP-16 SY DTP NSC0141540]]> VP-16-213 PT NCI]]> VP 16-213 SY DTP NSC0141540]]> NSC 141540 SY DTP NSC0141540]]> Etoposide SY DTP NSC0141540]]> ETOPOSIDE SY DTP NSC0141540]]> EPEG AB NCI]]> Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside SY NCI]]> 9-[(4,6-O-Ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one SY NCI]]> 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-[4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside SY NCI]]> Etoposide PT NCI]]> Lastet BR NCI]]> NSC-141540 CN NCI]]> VP-16-213 CN NCI]]> Vepesid SY DTP NSC0141540]]> VP-16 CN NCI]]> Etoposide C492 492 primitive C0015684 Fatty Acid Biologically Active Substance Lipid fatty acids PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045689]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Fatty Acids NCI-GLOSS A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development.]]> Fatty Acid PT NCI]]> Fatty Acid C493 493 primitive Omega-3 Fatty Acid Lipid C0015689 Biologically Active Substance omega-3 fatty acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045809]]> Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A type of fat obtained in the diet and involved in immunity.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.]]> Omega-3 PUFA Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Omega-3 PUFA SY NCI]]> Omega-3 Fatty Acid PT NCI]]> Omega-3 Fatty Acid C494 494 primitive Fentanyl C0015846 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance fentanyl PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045197]]> Actiq Duragesic Oralet Fentyl Fentanyl Citrate Sublimaze MSH2002_06_01 A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)]]> NCI-GLOSS A narcotic opioid drug that is used in the treatment of pain.]]> Actiq BR NCI]]> Duragesic BR NCI]]> Fentanyl PT NCI]]> Oralet BR NCI]]> Fentyl SY NCI]]> Fentanyl Citrate SY NCI]]> Sublimaze BR NCI]]> Fentanyl C495 495 primitive 660166 Interferon Beta (Therapeutic) C2494 373361 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Biologically Active Substance 658933 C0015980 RECOMBINANT INTERFERON BETA PT NCI]]> RECOMBINANT INTERFERON BETA MSH2002_06_01 One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity.]]> NCI One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity. (MSH98)]]> Interferon, Beta SY NCI]]> Interferon Beta (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Feron FB NCI]]> Beta-Interferon SY NCI]]> BETA INTERFERON HUMAN (TRI) PT NCI]]> Betantrone FB NCI]]> Interferon, Beta Interferon Beta Feron Beta-Interferon BETA INTERFERON HUMAN (TRI) Betantrone HU REC BETA IFN (BERLEX) Naferon Naferon FB NCI]]> HU REC BETA IFN (BERLEX) PT NCI]]> Interferon Beta SY NCI]]> Interferon Beta (Therapeutic) C496 496 primitive Fibroblast Growth Factors (Therapeutic) C0016026 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Fibroblast Growth Factors (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> CSP2002 family of structurally related polypeptides which have important roles in cell development, differentiation, and motility, as well as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.]]> NCI Peptide isolated from the pituitary gland and from the brain. It is a potent mitogen which stimulates growth of a variety of mesodermal cells including chondrocytes, granulosa, and endothelial cells. The peptide may be active in wound healing and animal limb regeneration.]]> Fibroblast Growth Factors (Therapeutic) C497 497 primitive C0016157 Food Fish Oil Lipid fish oils SY NCI]]> Seafood Oil fish oils MSH2002_06_01 Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the livers. Those from the liver are usually high in vitamin A. The oils are used as dietary supplements, in soaps and detergents, as protective coatings, and as a base for other food products such as vegetable shortenings.]]> Fish Oil PT NCI]]> Seafood Oil SY NCI]]> Fish Oil C498 498 primitive Fixative C0016184 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Fixative PP CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.]]> FIX NCI Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements.]]> FIX AB CADSR]]> Fixative C499 499 primitive Flecainide C0016229 C120 Pharmacologic Substance 719273 Organic Chemical flecainide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045381]]> MSH2002_06_01 A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms. It may also relieve neuropathic pain, the burning, stabbing, or stinging pain that may arise from damage to nerves caused by some types of cancer or cancer treatment.]]> Flecainide PT NCI]]> Flecainide SY DTP NSC0719273]]> Flecainide C500 500 primitive Fluconazole C0016277 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance fluconazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045320]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that treats infections caused by fungi.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.]]> CSP2002 alpha-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-alpha- (1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,2, 4- triazole-1-ethanol; an antifungal with potential efficacy for patients unable to take amphotericin B or who are immunologically compromised, as in AIDS.]]> Diflucan Fluconazole PT NCI]]> Diflucan BR NCI]]> Fluconazole C501 501 primitive C0016278 Flucytosine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance flucytosine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045330]]> Ro 2-9915 CAS 2022-85-7 5-Fluorocytosine 5-FC Alcobon Ancobon Ancotil 4-Amino-5-fluoro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone Ro-2-9915 MSH2002_06_01 A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that treats infections caused by fungi.]]> Ancotil FB NCI]]> Ancobon BR NCI]]> 5-Fluorocytosine SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorocytosine SY DTP NSC0103805]]> 5-FC SY DTP NSC0103805]]> 5-FC AB NCI]]> 4-Amino-5-fluoro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone SY NCI]]> 4-Amino-5-fluoro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone SY DTP NSC0103805]]> Alcobon FB NCI]]> Ancobon SY DTP NSC0103805]]> Ancotil SY DTP NSC0103805]]> Ro-2-9915 CN NCI]]> Ro 2-9915 SY DTP NSC0103805]]> CAS 2022-85-7 CN NCI]]> Flucytosine C502 502 primitive C0016330 Fluorine Element, Ion, or Isotope Fluorine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as flouride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.]]> Fluorine C503 503 primitive C0016342 Fluorochrome Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Fluorochrome PP CADSR]]> NCI Any fluorescent dye used to label or stain.]]> FLUCHM Fluorochrome MQ CADSR]]> FLUCHM AB CADSR]]> Fluorochrome C504 504 primitive 27640 Floxuridine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance C0016343 C684 floxuridine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045198]]> 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine SY NCI]]> 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0027640]]> 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-uridine SY NCI]]> 5-FUdR AB NCI]]> 5-FUDR SY DTP NSC0027640]]> 2-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine SY DTP NSC0027640]]> 1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil SY NCI]]> Fluorodeoxyuridine Floxuridin FUdR FUDR FUDF CAS 50-91-9 5-Fluorouridine Deoxyribose 5-Fluorouracil deoxyriboside WR-138720 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-uridine 5-FUdR 5-FUDR 2-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine 1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil Fluorouridine Deoxyribose Fluoruridine Deoxyribose NSC-27640 Fluoruridine deoxyribose NSC 27640 5-Fluorouracil Deoxyriboside MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> CAS 50-91-9 CN NCI]]> 5-Fluorouridine Deoxyribose SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorouracil deoxyriboside SY DTP NSC0027640]]> 5-Fluorouracil Deoxyriboside SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0027640]]> Fluorouridine Deoxyribose SY NCI]]> Fluorodeoxyuridine SY NCI]]> Fluorodeoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0027640]]> Floxuridine PT NCI]]> Floxuridin SY NCI]]> Floxuridin SY DTP NSC0027640]]> FUdR AB NCI]]> FUDR SY DTP NSC0027640]]> NSC 27640 SY DTP NSC0027640]]> NSC-27640 CN NCI]]> WR-138720 CN NCI]]> FUDF BR NCI]]> Fluoruridine Deoxyribose SY NCI]]> Fluoruridine deoxyribose SY DTP NSC0027640]]> NSC-27640 SY DTP NSC0027640]]> Floxuridine C505 505 primitive Fluorouracil 19893 C0016360 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance fluorouracil PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046090]]> Ro-2-9757 Ro 2-9757 Flurox Fluroblastin NSC 19893 NSC-19893 Ribofluor Fluril Fluracil Fluracedyl Flurablastin Fluouracil Fluoroplex Fluoro Uracil Fiverocil 5-Fluracil 5-Fluorouracil 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione 5-FU 5-FLUOROURACIL 2,4-Dioxo-5-fluoropyrimidine Efurix Efudex Cytosafe Arumel Adrucil Actino-Hermal AccuSite 5Fluorouracil 5-Fu Timazin NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Also called fluorouracil.]]> NCI-GLOSS (floor-o-YOOR-a-sil) An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites. Also called 5-FU.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine analog that acts as an antineoplastic antimetabolite and also has immunosuppressant. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.]]> NCI fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil; a pyrimidine analogue; an antineoplastic effective in the treatment of some carcinomas; the cells of certain neoplasms incorporate uracil into ribonucleic acid more readily than do normal tissue cells. SYN fluorouracil. SEE ALSO floxuridine.]]> NSC-19893 CN NCI]]> NSC 19893 SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Flurox FB NCI]]> Fluroblastin FB NCI]]> Fluril SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Fluril FB NCI]]> Fluracil SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Fluracil FB NCI]]> Fluracedyl FB NCI]]> Flurablastin FB NCI]]> Fluouracil SY NCI]]> Fluorouracil PT NCI]]> Fluoroplex SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Fluoroplex BR NCI]]> Fluoro Uracil SY NCI]]> Fiverocil FB NCI]]> Efurix FB NCI]]> Efudex SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Efudex BR NCI]]> Cytosafe FB NCI]]> Arumel SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Arumel FB NCI]]> Adrucil BR NCI]]> Actino-Hermal FB NCI]]> AccuSite FB NCI]]> 5Fluorouracil SY NCI]]> 5-Fu SY DTP NSC0019893]]> 5-Fluracil SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorouracil SY NCI]]> 5-Fluorouracil SY DTP NSC0019893]]> 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione SY NCI]]> 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione SY DTP NSC0019893]]> 5-FU SY DTP NSC0019893]]> 5-FU PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044752]]> 5-FU AB NCI]]> 5-FLUOROURACIL PT NCI]]> 2,4-Dioxo-5-fluoropyrimidine SY NCI]]> NSC-19893 SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Timazin SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Ro-2-9757 CN NCI]]> Ro 2-9757 SY DTP NSC0019893]]> Timazin FB NCI]]> Ribofluor FB NCI]]> Fluorouracil C506 506 primitive C0016365 Fluoxetine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance fluoxetine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045374]]> CSP2002 N-methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl) -phenoxy)-benzenepropanamine; used in the treatment of depression; action thought to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat depression. It belongs to the family of drugs called antidepressants.]]> Fluoxetine PT NCI]]> Fluoxetine C507 507 primitive Fluoxymesterone 12165 C2006 C0016366 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Ultandren SY DTP NSC0012165]]> (11Beta,17beta)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one SY NCI]]> Fluoxymesterone SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Fluoxymesterone PT NCI]]> FXM AB NCI]]> FLUOXYMESTERONE PT NCI]]> Androsterolo SY NCI]]> Androsterolo SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Android-F BR NCI]]> Androfluorene SY NCI]]> Androsterolo Android-F Androfluorene 9Alpha-fluoro-11beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyltestosterone 11Beta,17beta-dihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-17alpha-methyl-4-androsten-3-one (11Beta,17beta)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one Ultandren MSH2002_06_01 An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.]]> Testoral SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Oratestin Stenox Ora-Testryl Ora Testryl Halotestin Halodrin Fluoxymesterone FXM FLUOXYMESTERONE Ora-testryl Testoral Testoral FB NCI]]> Stenox FB NCI]]> Oratestin FB NCI]]> Ora-Testryl SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Ora Testryl SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Halotestin BR NCI]]> 9Alpha-fluoro-11beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyltestosterone SY NCI]]> 11Beta,17beta-dihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-17alpha-methyl-4-androsten-3-one SY NCI]]> Ora-testryl SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Ora-Testryl BR NCI]]> Halotestin SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Androfluorene SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Halodrin BR NCI]]> Oratestin SY DTP NSC0012165]]> Ultandren BR NCI]]> Fluoxymesterone C508 508 primitive C0016377 Flurbiprofen Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance U-27,182 CN NCI]]> Ansaid Ansaid SY DTP NSC0685701]]> BTS 18,322 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.]]> BTS 18,322 U-27,182 Ansaid BR NCI]]> Flurbiprofen PT NCI]]> Flurbiprofen C509 509 primitive Flutamide 147834 C2082 C0016384 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance flutamide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045264]]> Testac Tecnoflut Tafenil Sch 13521 SCH 13521 Prostogenat Prostica Prostadirex Prostacur Profamid Oncosal Niftolid Grisetin Fugerel Flutaplex Flutan Flutamin Flutamex Flutacan Flutabene Fluta-Gry Flulem Fluken Flugerel Flucinome Flucinom FLUT Eulexine Eulexin Euflex Drogenil Chimax Apimid Alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methy-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide 4'-Nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide 2-Methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide Testotard MSH2002_06_01 An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens.]]> Tafenil FB NCI]]> SCH 13521 CN NCI]]> Fugerel FB NCI]]> Flutaplex FB NCI]]> Flutan FB NCI]]> Flutamin FB NCI]]> Prostadirex FB NCI]]> Prostogenat FB NCI]]> Sch 13521 SY DTP NSC0215876]]> Tecnoflut FB NCI]]> Testotard FB NCI]]> Euflex FB NCI]]> Drogenil FB NCI]]> Chimax FB NCI]]> Apimid FB NCI]]> Prostacur FB NCI]]> Profamid FB NCI]]> Oncosal FB NCI]]> Niftolid SY NCI]]> Grisetin FB NCI]]> Alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-methy-4'-nitro-m-propionotoluidide SY NCI]]> 4'-Nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide SY NCI]]> 4'-Nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide SY DTP NSC0215876]]> 2-Methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide SY NCI]]> Flucinome FB NCI]]> Flucinom SY NCI]]> FLUT AB NCI]]> Eulexine FB NCI]]> Eulexin BR NCI]]> Prostica FB NCI]]> Flutamide PT NCI]]> Flutamex FB NCI]]> Flutacan FB NCI]]> Flutabene FB NCI]]> Fluta-Gry FB NCI]]> Flulem FB NCI]]> Fluken FB NCI]]> Flugerel SY NCI]]> Testac AQ NCI]]> Flutamide C510 510 primitive 3073 Folic Acid Organic Chemical Vitamin C0016410 C174 folic acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045236]]> NCI N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid. A member of the vitamin B family present in the liver and kidney that stimulates the hematopoietic system. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.]]> NCI-GLOSS A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folate.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.]]> FOLIC ACID SY DTP NSC0003073]]> Folic Acid PT NCI]]> Folic Acid C511 511 primitive C0016411 Pharmacologic Substance Folate Antagonist Folate Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Folic Acid Antagonist Folic Acid Inhibitors Folic Acid Antagonists Folate Inhibitors Antifolates NCI-GLOSS A substance that blocks the activity of folic acid. Folate antagonists are used to treat cancer. Also called antifolate.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that blocks the activity of folic acid. Antifolates are used to treat cancer. Also called folate antagonist.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)]]> folate antagonist PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044815]]> Folic Acid Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Folic Acid Antagonist SY NCI]]> Folate Antagonist PT NCI]]> Antifolates SY NCI]]> antifolate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044814]]> Folic Acid Antagonists SY NCI]]> Folate Antagonist C512 512 primitive C0016693 Free Radicals Chemical Chemical Viewed Structurally free radicals PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044030]]> NCI-GLOSS Highly reactive chemicals that often contain oxygen and are produced when molecules are split to give products that have unpaired electrons. This process is called oxidation. Free radicals can damage important cellular molecules such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell.]]> CSP2002 chemicals whose molecular or ionic structure includes an unpaired ("free") electron, usually conferring high reactivity; in biological systems, most free radicals contain oxygen (prefer FREE RADICAL OXYGEN).]]> MSH2002_06_01 Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.]]> NCI Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. (from MSH98)]]> Free Radicals PT NCI]]> Free Radicals C513 513 primitive Tegafur C0016778 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance tegafur PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045201]]> Uracil, 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)- Tefsiel Utefos Lamar Futraful Furofutran Furafluor Fulfeel Fulaid Ftoralon Ftoral Ftorafur Fluorofur Florafur Fental FT-207 Exonal Coparogin Citofur 5-Fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-uracil 5-Fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione Sunfural Sinoflurol NSC-148958 CN NCI]]> N1-(2'-Furanidyl)-5-fluorouracil SY NCI]]> MJF-12264 CN NCI]]> Lifril FB NCI]]> Lamar FB NCI]]> Futraful FB NCI]]> Furofutran FB NCI]]> Furafluor FB NCI]]> Fulfeel FB NCI]]> Fulaid FB NCI]]> Ftoralon FB NCI]]> Ftoral FB NCI]]> Ftorafur FB NCI]]> Fluorofur BR NCI]]> Florafur BR NCI]]> Fental FB NCI]]> FT-207 CN NCI]]> Exonal FB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> Tegafur SY DTP NSC0148958]]> Tefsiel FB NCI]]> Sinoflurol FB NCI]]> Nitobanil FB NCI]]> Coparogin FB NCI]]> Citofur FB NCI]]> 5-Fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-uracil SY NCI]]> 5-Fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione SY NCI]]> Riol Nitobanil Neberk NSC-148958 N1-(2'-Furanidyl)-5-fluorouracil MJF-12264 Lifril WR-220066 MSH2002_06_01 Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.]]> Uracil, 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)- SY DTP NSC0148958]]> Tegafur PT NCI]]> Sunfural FB NCI]]> Neberk> FB NCI]]> Riol FB NCI]]> WR-220066 CN NCI]]> Utefos FB NCI]]> Tegafur C514 514 primitive C0016835 Antibiotic Antifungal Agent antifungals PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046085]]> Antifungal Drugs Antifungal Agent PT NCI]]> NCI Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.]]> Antifungals NCI-GLOSS Drugs that treat infections caused by fungi.]]> Antifungals SY NCI]]> Antifungal Drugs SY NCI]]> Antifungal Agent C515 515 primitive Furosemide C0016860 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance SK-Furosemide BR NCI]]> Lasix LB-502 LB 502 SK-Furosemide MSH2002_06_01 A sulfamyl saluretic and diuretic. It has a fast onset and short duration of action and is used in edema and chronic renal insufficiency.]]> Lasix BR NCI]]> LB-502 CN NCI]]> LB 502 SY DTP NSC0269420]]> Lasix SY DTP NSC0269420]]> Furosemide PT NCI]]> LB-502 SY DTP NSC0269420]]> Furosemide C516 516 primitive Ganglioside GM2 C0016896 Immunologic Factor Lipid Ganglioside GM2 PT NCI]]> GM2 ganglioside MSH2002_06_01 A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.]]> GM2 ganglioside SY NCI]]> Ganglioside GM2 C517 517 primitive Ganciclovir 716361 C0017066 C2628 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance ganciclovir PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045303]]> Cymevan 2-Amino-1,9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-6H-purin-6-one 2'NDG 2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine 9-[(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine DHPG Nordeoxyguanosine Virgan MSH2002_06_01 An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.]]> CSP2002 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methylguanine; acyclovir analog which inhibits DNA replication of CMV and therefore has efficacy against AIDS-related oculopathy.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antiviral agent used to prevent or treat cytomegalovirus infections that may occur when the body's immune system is suppressed. In gene therapy, ganciclovir is used with an altered herpes simplex virus-1 gene to kill advanced melanoma cells and brain tumor cells.]]> NCI Antiviral agent that interferes with binding of deoxyguanosine triphosphate to DNA polymerase and inhibits the replication of viral DNA in cells. Current use: treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompromised patients. (NCI)]]> Virgan FB NCI]]> Nordeoxyguanosine SY NCI]]> Cymevan FB NCI]]> 9-[(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine SY NCI]]> DHPG AB NCI]]> Ganciclovir PT NCI]]> Nordeoxyguanosine SY DTP NSC0716361]]> 2-Amino-1,9-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-6H-purin-6-one SY NCI]]> 2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine SY NCI]]> 2'NDG AB NCI]]> Ganciclovir C518 518 primitive Ganglioside Lipid C0017082 Biologically Active Substance ganglioside PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044592]]> MSH2002_06_01 A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)]]> NCI-GLOSS A complex molecule that contains both lipids (fats) and carbohydrates (sugars) and is found in the plasma (outer) membrane of many kinds of cells. Several different types of gangliosides have been identified.]]> NCI Sialoglycosphingolipids (synonym: gangliosides) are glycosphingolipids carrying one or more sialic residues. Sialic acid is the generic term for N-acetyl- or N-glycoloylneuraminic acid. Gangliosides are named as N-acetyl- (or N-glycoloyl-)neuraminosyl-(X)osylceramide, where (X) stands for the root name of the neutral oligosaccharide to which the sialosyl residue is attached ; found principally in nerve tissue, spleen, and thymus; GM1 accumulates in generalized gangliosidosis; GM2 accumulates in Tay-Sachs disease.]]> Ganglioside PT NCI]]> Ganglioside C519 519 primitive Gentamicin C0017436 Antibiotic Carbohydrate U-Gencin SY DTP NSC0082261]]> Garamycin Garamicin Genoptic Gentamycin Genoptic S.O.P. U-Gencin MSH2002_06_01 A complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1(subA), obtained from Micromonospora purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit protein synthesis (TRANSLATION (GENETICS)).]]> Gentamycin SY NCI]]> U-Gencin BR NCI]]> Garamycin SY DTP NSC0082261]]> Genoptic S.O.P. BR NCI]]> Genoptic BR NCI]]> Gentamicin PT NCI]]> Genoptic SY DTP NSC0082261]]> Garamycin BR NCI]]> Garamicin BR NCI]]> Gentamicin C520 520 primitive C0017687 Pharmacologic Substance Glucagon (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hyperglycemic Glycogenolytic Factor SY NCI]]> Glucagon Antidiabetic Hormone Hyperglycemic Glycogenolytic Factor MSH2002_06_01 A pancreatic hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. It is a 29-amino acid straight chain polypeptide (MW 3550 D) that plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)]]> Glucagon (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Glucagon SY NCI]]> Antidiabetic Hormone SY NCI]]> Glucagon (Therapeutic) C521 521 primitive Steroid Glucocorticoid (Therapeutic) Hormone Pharmacologic Substance Glucocorticoid SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.]]> Glucocorticoid NCI A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. (MSH98)]]> Glucocorticoid (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Glucocorticoid (Therapeutic) C522 522 primitive Glutamine C0017797 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance glutamine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045446]]> NCI-GLOSS An amino acid used in nutrition therapy. It is also being studied for the treatment of diarrhea caused by radiation therapy to the pelvis.]]> Q. Levoglutamide SY NCI]]> Memoril FB NCI]]> L-Glutamine SY NCI]]> Glutaven FB NCI]]> Glutamine PT NCI]]> Glutacerebro FB NCI]]> Gln AB NCI]]> GLUTAMINE,L- SY DTP NSC0027421]]> GLUTAMINE,L- Gln L-Glutamine Glutacerebro Glutaven Memoril Q. Levoglutamide MSH2002_06_01 A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.]]> Glutamine C523 523 primitive Glutathione Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0017817 Biologically Active Substance Glutathione SY DTP NSC0400639]]> MSH2002_06_01 A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.]]> CSP2002 tripeptide composed of gamma-glutamate, cysteine, and glycine; an important endogenous reducing agent involved in oxidative respiration and free radical scavenging.]]> Glutathione GLUTATHIONE GLUTATHIONE SY DTP NSC0400639]]> Glutathione PT NCI]]> Glutathione C524 524 primitive Glycine C0017890 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Glycine PT NCI]]> GLYCINE MSH2002_06_01 A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.]]> GLYCINE SY DTP NSC0025936]]> Glycine C525 525 primitive GPA Biologically Active Substance C0017955 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Glycophorin A SY NCI]]> NCI An integral membrane glycoprotein found on erythrocytes and their progenitors.]]> Glycophorin A CD235A GPA PT NCI]]> CD235A SY NCI]]> GPA C526 526 primitive Glycyrrhetic Acid C0017986 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Glycyrrhetinic acid SY DTP NSC0035347]]> Glycyrrhetinic Acid Glycyrrhetic acid Glycyrrhetinic acid MSH2002_06_01 3-beta-Hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. A product from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Leguminosae with some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.]]> Glycyrrhetic Acid PT NCI]]> Glycyrrhetic acid SY DTP NSC0035347]]> Glycyrrhetinic Acid SY NCI]]> Glycyrrhetic Acid C527 527 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0018061 Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Gonadotropins SY NCI]]> NCI A hormone capable of promoting gonadal growth and function; such effects, as exerted by a single hormone, usually are limited to discrete functions or histological components of a gonad, such as stimulation of follicular growth or of androgen formation; most gonadotropins exert their effects in both sexes, although the effect of a given gonadotropin will differ in males and females. (STED98)]]> Gonadotropins Gonadotropic Hormone Gonadotropic Hormone SY NCI]]> Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) C528 528 primitive C0018062 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone Pharmacologic Substance Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) rhCGH AB NCI]]> Ovidrel Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HCG (therapeutic) Novarel Pregnyl Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Profasi hCGH rhCGH Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin SY NCI]]> Profasi BR NCI]]> Human Chorionic Gonadotropin SY NCI]]> Novarel BR NCI]]> Ovidrel BR NCI]]> hCGH AB NCI]]> Pregnyl BR NCI]]> Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> HCG (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) C529 529 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0018096 Gossypol gossypol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045428]]> 2,2'-bis[1,6,7-Trihydroxy-4-methyl-5-isopropyl-8-aldehydonaphthalene 1,1',6,6',7,7'-Hexahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-3-3'-dimethyl[2,2'-binaphthalene]-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde 2,2'-bis[8-Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene] Cottonseed Meal Toxin (2,2'-Binaphthalene)-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde, 1,1',6,6'7, 7'-hexahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-3,3'-dimethyl- 1,1',6,6',7,7'-Hexahydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1-methylethyl)[2,2'-binaphthalene]-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde MSH2002_06_01 Poisonous pigment found in cottonseed and potentially irritating to gastrointestinal tract.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug extracted from the cotton plant.]]> GOSSYPOL SY DTP NSC0056817]]> 1,1',6,6',7,7'-Hexahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-3-3'-dimethyl[2,2'-binaphthalene]-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde SY NCI]]> 2,2'-bis[1,6,7-Trihydroxy-4-methyl-5-isopropyl-8-aldehydonaphthalene SY NCI]]> 2,2'-bis[8-Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methylnaphthalene] SY NCI]]> Cottonseed Meal Toxin SY NCI]]> Gossypol PT NCI]]> 1,1',6,6',7,7'-Hexahydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1-methylethyl)[2,2'-binaphthalene]-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde SY NCI]]> (2,2'-Binaphthalene)-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde, 1,1',6,6'7, 7'-hexahydroxy-5,5'-diisopropyl-3,3'-dimethyl- SY DTP NSC0056817]]> Gossypol C530 530 primitive C0018284 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Biologically Active Substance Growth Factor (Therapeutic) Growth Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Growth Agents Growth Agents SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.]]> NCI Protein or peptide signal molecules that regulate cell division and cell survival. Involved in cell differentiation and growth, growth factors are essential to the normal cell cycle, and are vital in animal life from conception to death. They mediate fetal development, play a role in maintenance and repair of tissues, and stimulate production of blood cells. Gone awry, growth factors participate in cancerous processes. (MSH98)]]> Growth Factor (Therapeutic) C531 531 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0018316 Guanazole Guanazole SY DTP NSC0001895]]> Guanazole MSH2002_06_01 A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.]]> Guanazole PT NCI]]> Guanazole C532 532 primitive C0018321 Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Guanine Guanine PT NCI]]> CSP2002 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine; one of the 5 major bases (with adenine, thymine, cytosine, and uracil) found in nucleic acids.]]> Guanine C533 533 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance C0018330 Guanosine Guanosine PT NCI]]> (NCI) A purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring and is essential for metabolism.]]> Guanosine C534 534 primitive C0018338 Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Cyclic GMP cGMP SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> cGMP NCI cGMP; cyclic GMP; cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate. A cellular regulatory agent that acts as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of signals (acetylcholine, insulin, oxytocin) and activates specific protein kinases.]]> Cyclic GMP PT NCI]]> Cyclic GMP C535 535 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance C0018340 GDP GDP PT NCI]]> NCI Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: GRPP; guanosine pyrophosphate.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: GRPP; guanosine pyrophosphate.]]> GDP C536 536 primitive C0018353 Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide GTP Guanosine Triphosphate SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.]]> Guanosine Triphosphate NCI Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. (MSH98)]]> GTP PT NCI]]> GTP C537 537 primitive C0018546 Haloperidol Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance R-1625 SY DTP NSC0170973]]> R 1625 McN-JR-1625 Haldol Haloperidol R-1625 CSP2002 USP lists as an antipsychotic and as an "antidyskinetic" used in Tourette syndrome.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A drug that is used primarily to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, ballism, and Tourette's syndrome (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in mental retardation and the chorea of Huntington's disease. It is a potent antiemetic and is effective in the treatment of intractable hiccups. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)]]> R-1625 CN NCI]]> R 1625 SY DTP NSC0170973]]> Haloperidol PT NCI]]> Haldol SY DTP NSC0170973]]> McN-JR-1625 SY DTP NSC0170973]]> McN-JR-1625 CN NCI]]> Haldol BR NCI]]> Haloperidol SY DTP NSC0615296]]> Haloperidol C538 538 primitive Organic Chemical C0018966 Hemes Biologically Active Substance Hemes PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.]]> NCI Complexes consisting of an iron ion coordinated to a porphyrin acting as a tetradentate ligand, and to one or two axial ligands. (IUPAC)]]> Hemes C539 539 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate C0019134 Heparin heparin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045321]]> CSP2002 poly(glucosamine sulfate-glucuronic acid); endogenous mucopolysaccharide with antithrombin and lipotropic activities; USP injection is used as an anticoagulant.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticoagulants (blood thinners).]]> Heparin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.]]> NCI A glycosaminoglycan anticoagulant that binds to antithrombin III to form a heparin-antithrombin III complex. The complex binds to and irreversibly inactivates thrombin and other activated clotting factors IX, X, XI, and XII and prevents the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin. Current use: prevent and treat thrombosis. (NCI)]]> Heparin C540 540 primitive Carbohydrate C0019143 Heparan Sulfate Biologically Active Substance Heparan Sulfate PT NCI]]> CSP2002 similar to heparin but with some L-iduronic acid residues.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.]]> NCI Heparitin Sulfate. A glycosaminoglycan, structurally similar to heparin but with more N-acetyl groups and fewer O- and N-sulfate groups. Occurs in the liver, aorta, and lung. Accumulates in several mucopolysaccharidoses.]]> Heparan Sulfate C541 541 primitive Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0019236 Herbicide Chemical Viewed Structurally herbicide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044112]]> NCI-GLOSS A chemical that kills plants.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants.]]> Herbicide PT NCI]]> NCI Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses, and woody plants. (MSH98)]]> Herbicide C542 542 primitive C0019398 Organic Chemical Chemical Viewed Functionally Heterocyclic Compound Heterocyclic Compound PT NCI]]> NCI Cyclic compounds having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. (IUPAC)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Heterocyclic Compound C543 543 primitive Organic Chemical C0019400 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compound 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compound PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic.]]> 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compound C544 544 primitive 13875 Organic Chemical C0019453 Pharmacologic Substance Altretamine s-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)- SY DTP NSC0013875]]> Hexinawas FB NCI]]> Hexastat SY DTP NSC0013875]]> Hexastat FB NCI]]> Hexamethylmelamine SY DTP NSC0013875]]> ENT 50852 SY DTP NSC0013875]]> Altretamine SY DTP NSC0013875]]> Altretamine PT NCI]]> 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)-s-triazine SY NCI]]> 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylamino)-s-triazine SY DTP NSC0013875]]> HEXAMETHYLMELAMINE HXM Hexalen Hexinawas N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexamethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine N,n,n',N"N"-hexamethyl-1,3,5,-triazine-2,4,6,-triamine NSC 13875 NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alkylating agent proposed as an antineoplastic. It also acts as a chemosterilant for male houseflies and other insects.]]> Hexamethylmelamine Hexaloids Hemel HMM ENT-50852 Altretamine 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylamino)-s-triazine 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)-s-triazine ENT 50852 NSC-13875 RB-1515 WR-95704 s-Triazine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylamino)- Hexastat NCI The precise mechanism by which HEXALEN exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown. Structurally, HEXALEN resembles the alkylating agent triethylenemelamine, yet in vitro tests for alkylating activity of HEXALEN and its metabolitics have been negative. HEXALEN has been demonstrated to be efficacious for certain ovarian tumors resistant to classical alkylating agents. Metabolism of altretamine is a requirement of cytotoxicity.]]> WR-95704 CN NCI]]> RB-1515 CN NCI]]> altretamine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045215]]> NSC-13875 CN NCI]]> NSC 13875 SY DTP NSC0013875]]> N,n,n',N"N"-hexamethyl-1,3,5,-triazine-2,4,6,-triamine SY NCI]]> N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexamethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine SY NCI]]> Hexamethylmelamine BR NCI]]> Hexaloids SY NCI]]> Hexalen BR NCI]]> Hemel SY NCI]]> Hemel SY DTP NSC0013875]]> HXM AB NCI]]> HMM AB NCI]]> HEXAMETHYLMELAMINE PT NCI]]> ENT-50852 CN NCI]]> Altretamine C545 545 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0019467 Hexestrol Organic Chemical Hexestrol PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.]]> (.+-.)-Hexestrol (+-)-Hexestrol (.+-.)-Hexestrol SY DTP NSC0035752]]> (+-)-Hexestrol SY DTP NSC0035752]]> Hexestrol C546 546 primitive C0019832 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Pibenzimol Pibenzimol PT NCI]]> Bisbenzimidazole SY NCI]]> CAS 23491-45-4 CN NCI]]> Hoechst 33258 CN NCI]]> Phenol, p-[5-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]-2- benzimidazolyl]-, Trihydrochloride SY NCI]]> Hoe 33258 SY DTP NSC0322921]]> HOE 33258 CN NCI]]> Phenol, 4-(5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)(2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazol)-2'-yl)-, Trihydrochloride SY NCI]]> Hoechst Dye 33258 SY NCI]]> NSC-322921 Pibenzimol Hydrochloride Phenol, p-[5-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]-2- benzimidazolyl]-, Trihydrochloride Pibenzimol Hydrocholoride MSH2002_06_01 A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.]]> NCI A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis. (MSH2000)]]> Pibenzimol Hydrocholoride SY NCI]]> Pibenzimol Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Hoechst dye 33258 SY DTP NSC0322921]]> Phenol, 4-(5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)(2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazol)-2'-yl)-, Trihydrochloride Hoechst dye 33258 Hoechst 33258 HOE 33258 Bisbenzimidazole CAS 23491-45-4 Hoe 33258 Hoechst Dye 33258 NSC-322921 CN NCI]]> Pibenzimol C547 547 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0019927 Hormone Antagonist Hormone Antagonist PT NCI]]> Antihormone Agents SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.]]> NCI Drugs which inhibit the effects of hormones]]> Antihormone Agents Hormone Antagonist C548 548 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0019932 Hormone (Therapeutic) Hormones SY NCI]]> Chemotherapy-Hormones/Steroids SY RAEB-2]]> NCI Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects. (MSH98)]]> Hormone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Hormones Chemotherapy-Hormones/Steroids NCI-GLOSS Treatment that adds, blocks, or removes hormones. For certain conditions (such as diabetes or menopause), hormones are given to adjust low hormone levels. To slow or stop the growth of certain cancers (such as prostate and breast cancer), hormones may be given to block the body's natural hormones. Sometimes surgery is needed to remove the source of hormones. Also called hormone therapy, hormonal therapy, or endocrine therapy.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.]]> Hormone (Therapeutic) C549 549 primitive C0020196 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hyaluronic Acid Hyaluronic Acid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the umbilical cord, in vitreous humor, in synovial fluid, in pathologic joints, in group A and C hemolytic streptococci, and in Wharton's jelly. (Merck, 11th ed)]]> Hyaluronic Acid C550 550 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0020207 Hycanthone Hycanthone PT NCI]]> Etrenol BR NCI]]> HYCANTHONE SY DTP NSC0134434]]> Hycanthone mesylate SY DTP NSC0142982]]> Hycanthone Mesylate SY NCI]]> Etrenol SY DTP NSC0134434]]> Hycanthone mesylate Etrenol HYCANTHONE Hycanthone Mesylate MSH2002_06_01 Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.]]> Hycanthone C551 551 primitive C0020223 Pharmacologic Substance Hydralazine Organic Chemical Hydralazine SY DTP NSC0126699]]> Apresoline BR NCI]]> Apressin SY DTP NSC0126699]]> Apresoline SY DTP NSC0126699]]> Hydralazine PT NCI]]> Hydralazine Apresoline Apressin MSH2002_06_01 A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.]]> Apressin SY NCI]]> Hydralazine C552 552 primitive Organic Chemical Hydrocarbon C0020242 Hydrocarbons PT RAEB-2]]> Hydrocarbon PT NCI]]> NCI A group of organic compounds that consist of only hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms and are involved in energy production. They may be cyclic or non-cyclic compounds. They may have double bonds, single bonds or both with carbon forming the backbone.]]> Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon C553 553 primitive Aromatic Hydrocarbon Organic Chemical Aromatic Hydrocarbon PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.]]> Aromatic Hydrocarbon C554 554 primitive Organic Chemical C0020250 Halogenated Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons, Halogenated SY NCI]]> Halogenated Hydrocarbon PT NCI]]> NCI Compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and one or more halogen.]]> Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Halogenated Hydrocarbon C555 555 primitive 10483 C0020268 Hydrocortisone (Therapeutic) C2026 Steroid Pharmacologic Substance hydrocortisone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045205]]> Hautosone SY NCI]]> Heb-Cort SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Hydrocortisone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Hydrocortone BR NCI]]> Hydrocortisone SY NCI]]> Hydrocortisone SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Heb-Cort SY NCI]]> Hytone BR NCI]]> Eldecort BR NCI]]> Domolene SY NCI]]> Dermacort BR NCI]]> Cortril SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortril BR NCI]]> Cortispray SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortispray BR NCI]]> Cortisol SY NCI]]> Komed-HC SY NCI]]> Nutracort BR NCI]]> Rectoid SY NCI]]> Cortifan SY NCI]]> Cortifan SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortenema SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortenema BR NCI]]> Cortef SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortef BR NCI]]> Cort-Dome SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Hydrocortisone Hytone Proctocort Komed-HC Nutracort Rectoid MSH2002_06_01 The main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to relieve the symptoms of certain hormone shortages and to suppress an immune response.]]> Proctocort BR NCI]]> Cort-Dome BR NCI]]> Cetacort SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cetacort BR NCI]]> Barseb-HC SY NCI]]> Barseb HC SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Aeroseb-HC SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Aeroseb-HC BR NCI]]> Eldecort SY DTP NSC0010483]]> Cortenema Cortef Cort-Dome Cetacort Barseb-HC Barseb HC Aeroseb-HC Domolene Hautosone Hydrocortone Heb-Cort Eldecort Dermacort Cortril Cortispray Cortisol Cortifan Hydrocortisone (Therapeutic) C556 556 primitive C0020314 Hydroxamic Acids Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Hydroxamic Acids PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of weak acids with the general formula R-CONHOH.]]> Hydroxamic Acids C557 557 primitive C0020336 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Hydroxychloroquine hydroxychloroquine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045084]]> Hydroxychloroquine PT NCI]]> NCI A quinoline derivative; an antimalarial agent whose actions and uses resemble those of chloroquine phosphate; also used in the treatment of lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that decreases immune responses in the body. It is used to treat some autoimmune diseases, and is being studied as a treatment for graft-versus-host disease. Hydroxychloroquine belongs to the family of drugs called antiprotozoals.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)]]> Hydroxychloroquine C558 558 primitive Eicosanoid Biologically Active Substance Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid C0020349 Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid PT NCI]]> HETE AB NCI]]> HETE MSH2002_06_01 Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.]]> Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid C559 559 primitive C0020352 Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate Hetastarch Hetastarch PT NCI]]> Hespan FB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A derivative of STARCH used as a plasma substitute in the treatment of hemorrhage.]]> Hespan Hetastarch C560 560 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0020402 C1844 32065 Hydroxyurea hydroxyurea PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045308]]> WR 83799 CN NCI]]> SQ 1089 SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Oxeron FB NCI]]> Syrea FB NCI]]> SQ-1089 CN NCI]]> Onco-carbide SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Droxia BR NCI]]> Hydrea BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> Oncocarbide FB NCI]]> Onco-Carbide FB NCI]]> Litalir FB NCI]]> Hydroxyurea SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Hydroxyurea PT NCI]]> Hydroxycarbamide SY NCI]]> Hydroxycarbamide SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Hydrea SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Droxia Hydrea Litalir Onco-carbide SQ-1089 Syrea WR 83799 CSP2002 ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor which thereby lowers intracellular dNTP pools and slows DNA replication and repair; used as antineoplastic, cell devision inhibitor, and possible chemotherapy for sickle cell anemia.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.]]> SQ 1089 Oxeron Oncocarbide Onco-Carbide Hydroxycarbamide HYDROXYUREA PT NCI]]> Litalir SY DTP NSC0032065]]> Hydroxyurea C561 561 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Ibuprofen Organic Chemical C0020740 p-Isobutylhydratropic acid SY DTP NSC0256857]]> p-Isobutylhydratropic Acid SY NCI]]> Motrin SY DTP NSC0256857]]> Ibuprofen PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.]]> Benzeneacetic Acid, Alpha-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)- p-Isobutylhydratropic Acid Motrin (.+ -.)-p-Isobutylhydratropic acid p-Isobutylhydratropic acid Motrin BR NCI]]> Benzeneacetic Acid, Alpha-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl)- SY NCI]]> (.+ -.)-p-Isobutylhydratropic acid SY DTP NSC0256857]]> Ibuprofen C562 562 primitive 256439 C0020789 Idarubicin C1022 Organic Chemical Antibiotic idarubicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045254]]> (1S,3S)-3-Acetyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-hexopyranoside SY NCI]]> (7S-cis)-9-Acetyl-7-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,9,11-trihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione SY NCI]]> 4-DMDR AB NCI]]> Idarubicin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An orally administered anthracycline antibiotic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with potential for reduced cardiac toxicity.]]> 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (1S,3S)-3-Acetyl-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1-naphthacenyl-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-hexopyranoside 4-Demethoxydaunomycin 4-DMDR (7S-cis)-9-Acetyl-7-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,9,11-trihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. Also called idarubicin.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. Also called 4-demethoxydaunorubicin.]]> 4-demethoxydaunorubicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044413]]> 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin SY NCI]]> 4-Demethoxydaunomycin SY NCI]]> Idarubicin C563 563 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide 39661 C0020811 Idoxuridine idoxuridine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045219]]> Kerecid FB NCI]]> Kerecid SY DTP NSC0039661]]> NSC 39661 SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Stoxil BR NCI]]> Virudox FB NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine SY DTP NSC0039661]]> 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Dendrid BR NCI]]> Idoxene SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Idoxene FB NCI]]> Idexur SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Idexur FB NCI]]> IUdR AB NCI]]> IUDR SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Herplex SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Herplex BR NCI]]> Dendrid SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Virudox MSH2002_06_01 An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that reduces the risk of cancer cell growth by interfering with the cells' DNA.]]> Iododeoxyuridine SY NCI]]> Iduridin SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Iduridin FB NCI]]> Idulea SY DTP NSC0039661]]> Idulea FB NCI]]> Idoxuridine PT NCI]]> Stoxil SKF 14287 Iododeoxyuridine Iduridin Kerecid NSC 39661 NSC-39661 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine 1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil Idulea Idoxuridine Idoxene Idexur IUdR IUDR Herplex Dendrid 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine SY NCI]]> 1-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil SY NCI]]> Stoxil SY DTP NSC0039661]]> SKF 14287 SY DTP NSC0039661]]> SKF 14287 CN NCI]]> NSC-39661 CN NCI]]> Idoxuridine C564 564 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Ifosfamide Organophosphorus Compound C366 C0020823 109724 ifosfamide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045267]]> Isophosphamide SY NCI]]> MJF 9325 SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Mitoxana FB NCI]]> NSC 109724 SY DTP NSC0109724]]> N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide SY NCI]]> Mitoxana SY DTP NSC0109724]]> MJF-9325 CN NCI]]> NSC-109724 CN NCI]]> IFO-Cell FB NCI]]> Holoxane FB NCI]]> Holoxan FB NCI]]> Cyfos SY NCI]]> Cyfos SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Asta Z-4942 CN NCI]]> Asta Z 4942 SY DTP NSC0109724]]> 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxide SY NCI]]> NSC-109724 SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Ifoxan FB NCI]]> Ifosfamidum BR NCI]]> Ifosfamide PT NCI]]> Ifomide SY NCI]]> Ifomida FB NCI]]> Ifolem FB NCI]]> Ifex BR NCI]]> IFX AB NCI]]> IFO AB NCI]]> MJF 9325 Isophosphamide Isoendoxan Iso-Endoxan Iphosphamide Iphosphamid Ifoxan Z-4942 CSP2002 2-oxo-N,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin- 2-amine; cyclophosphamide analog with two alkylating groups, used as a DNA strand crosslinker and antineoplastic.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> Z-4942 CN NCI]]> Naxamide SY NCI]]> Naxamide SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Seromida AQ NCI]]> Tronoxal FB NCI]]> Z 4942 SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Isophosphamide SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Isoendoxan SY NCI]]> Isoendoxan SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Iso-Endoxan SY NCI]]> Iphosphamide SY NCI]]> Iphosphamide SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Iphosphamid SY NCI]]> Iphosphamid SY DTP NSC0109724]]> Ifomida Ifolem Ifex IFX IFO-Cell IFO Holoxane Mitoxana MJF-9325 Z 4942 Tronoxal NSC 109724 N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide NSC-109724 Naxamide Seromida Holoxan Cyfos Asta Z-4942 Asta Z 4942 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxide Ifosfamidum Ifomide Ifosfamide C565 565 primitive Immunologic Factor Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0020835 IgA IgA PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.]]> NCI IgA is the immunoglobulin subclass that is associated with antibody-mediated mucosal immunity. It is secreted as dimers into the mucosa and is the most effective isotype at fixing complement by the alternative pathway, even though it lacks the ability to fix complement by the classical pathway. There are two subtypes in the human - IgA1 and IgA2.]]> IgA MQ CADSR]]> IgA C566 566 primitive C0020843 Immunologic Factor IgD Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein IgD PT NCI]]> NCI An immunoglobulin isotype (subclass). This isotype is expressed on naive B cells along with IgM. Little is known about its physiologic role.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B lymphocytes.]]> IgD C567 567 primitive Immunologic Factor Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0020846 IgE IgE PT NCI]]> NCI An immunoglobulin isotype (subclass). This isotype has the unique ability to bind with high affinity to IgE receptors (FceRI) on mast cells and basophils and induce degranulation and cytokine production by these cells when they are crosslinked by antigen. In addition to a central role in atopy and allergic responses, it has been speculated that IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, by its release of mediators that increase vascular permeability, has an important role in the initiation of immune response in general.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).]]> IgE C568 568 primitive C0020852 Immunologic Factor IgG Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein IgG PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The major immunoglobulin in normal human serum.]]> NCI An immunoglobulin isotype (subclass) that characterizes secondary immune responses. This isotype is further broken down into several smaller subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 in the mouse; IgG1-4 in the human), and each subclass is differentially synthesized and secreted into the serum upon differential immune stimuli.]]> IgG MQ CADSR]]> IgG C569 569 primitive C0020861 IgM Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Immunologic Factor IgM PT NCI]]> IgM MQ CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULINS, MU-CHAIN). IgM can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.]]> NCI The major immunoglobulin secreted during a primary immune response. IgM binds with low affinity but high avidity (multiple binding sites) because it not only occurs as monomers but also as pentamers and hexamers.]]> IgM C570 570 primitive C0020933 Imipenem Antibiotic Organic Chemical imipenem PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045422]]> Imipenem PT NCI]]> Imipemide SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat severe or very resistant infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called carbapenems.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.]]> MK-0787 CN NCI]]> Imipenem SY DTP NSC0717864]]> MK-0787 Imipemide Imipenem C571 571 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Antiserum Immunologic Factor C0020960 Antiserum PT NCI]]> NCI A blood serum or immunoglobulin fraction that contains antibodies against specific antigens obtained from previously immunized animals.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.]]> Antiserum C572 572 primitive C0021027 Immunologic Factor Immunoglobulin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein immunoglobulin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045725]]> Immunoglobulins SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A protein that acts as an antibody.]]> Immunoglobulins / Antibodies Immune Globulin Immunoglobulins MSH2002_06_01 Glycoproteins present in the blood (ANTIBODIES) and in other tissue. They are classified by structure and activity into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M).]]> NCI Any of the structurally related glycoproteins that function as antibodies. They are divided into five classes (IGA, IGD, IGE, IGG, IGM) on the basis of structure and biological activity.]]> Immunoglobulins / Antibodies SY NCI]]> Immune Globulin SY NCI]]> Immunoglobulin PT NCI]]> Immunoglobulin C573 573 primitive Immunologic Factor Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021041 Surface Immunoglobulin Surface Immunoglobulin PT NCI]]> Surface Ig SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Immunoglobulins bound to the surface of lymphocytes.]]> Surface Ig NCI Immunoglobulin containing a transmembrane region and expressed on the plasma membrane of a B cell. Contrast with secreted Ig which has no transmembrane region but which can still be bound to the cell surface via Fc receptors.]]> Surface Immunoglobulin C574 574 primitive C0021081 Immunosuppressant Pharmacologic Substance immunosuppressive PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044041]]> Immunosuppressant PT NCI]]> Immunosuppressive Agents SY NCI]]> Immunosuppressive Agents MSH2002_06_01 Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of suppressor T-cell populations or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging.]]> NCI-GLOSS Describes the ability to lower immune system responses.]]> Immunosuppressant C575 575 primitive C0021084 Pharmacologic Substance Immunotoxin Immunologic Factor immunotoxin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045730]]> Immunotoxin PT NCI]]> NCI Abbreviation for an immunotoxin, which is a semisynthetic conjugate of various toxic molecules, including radioactive isotopes and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, and antigens. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including radioactive isotopes and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, and antigens. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibody linked to a toxic substance. Some immunotoxins can bind to cancer cells and kill them.]]> Immunotoxin C576 576 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0021246 Indomethacin indomethacin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045223]]> Indometacin SY NCI]]> Indocin SY DTP NSC0077541]]> NCI An inhibitor of eicosanoid biosynthesis. It suppresses n-6 fatty acid-stimulated murine mammary carcinoma growth and metastasis and tumor vascularization (from Medscape). Indomethacin is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal agent used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and in the treatment of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. (STED)]]> Indocin BR NCI]]> 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy- 2-methyl-1-H-indole-3-acetic acid SY NCI]]> NCI 1-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid; an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal agent used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and in the treatment of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. (STED98)]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Indomethacin reduces pain, fever, swelling, and redness. It is also being used to reduce tumor-induced suppression of the immune system and to increase the effectiveness of anticancer drugs.]]> 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy- 2-methyl-1-H-indole-3-acetic acid Indocin Indometacin MSH2002_06_01 A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.]]> Indomethacin C577 577 primitive Manufactured Object C0021265 Industrial Waste Industrial Waste PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations. It represents an ecological problem and health hazard.]]> Industrial Waste C578 578 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021463 Inhibins (Recombinant) Inhibins SY NCI]]> Inhibins (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> NCI Inhibins are peptide hormones, secreted by the follicular cells of the ovary and by the testis, that negatively regulate the synthesis and secretion of follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary. The detection of serum inhibins has been implicated in association with reproductive disorders, including infertility and ovarian cancers.]]> Folliculostatin SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively]]> Inhibins Folliculostatin CSP2002 testicular peptide hormone which inhibits pituitary secretion of FSH; same name has been used for a TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN, do not confuse.]]> Inhibins (Recombinant) C579 579 primitive C0021521 Inorganic Chemical Inorganic Chemical Classification Inorganic Chemical PT NCI]]> NCI A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.]]> Inorganic Chemical C580 580 primitive C0021549 Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Biologically Active Substance Lipid Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate PT NCI]]> NCI Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.]]> Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate C581 581 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021641 Insulin (Therapeutic) Insulin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (MSH98)]]> Insulin MSH2002_06_01 A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.]]> Insulin (Therapeutic) C582 582 primitive C0021717 Intercalating Agent Pharmacologic Substance Intercalator SY NCI]]> DNA Intercalating Agent SY NCI]]> Intercalating Agent PT NCI]]> Intercalating Ligand SY NCI]]> DNA Intercalating Agent Intercalating Ligand Intercalating Agent Intercalator MSH2002_06_01 Agents that are capable of inserting themselves between the successive bases in DNA, thus kinking, uncoiling or otherwise deforming it and therefore preventing its proper functioning. They are used in the study of DNA.]]> Intercalating Agent C583 583 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Interferon Gamma (Therapeutic) C0021745 373360 600662 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C8065 Interferon, Gamma SY NCI]]> INTERFERON GAMMA (BIO) PT NCI]]> IFN-g AB NCI]]> Gamma-Interferon SY NCI]]> Interferon Gamma SY DTP NSC0635256]]> CSP2002 activates NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages; stimulates LAK activity; costimulates B cell proliferation; inhibits T cell proliferation; implicated in aberrant expression of MHC II antigens leading to autoimmune disease.]]> Interferon, Gamma Gamma-Interferon Actimmune Interferon Gamma INTERFERON GAMMA (BIO) GAMMA INTERFERON (GEN) IFN-g MSH2002_06_01 The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon (INTERFERON TYPE I) and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease.]]> NCI Interferon gamma (IFNg) is produced by activated T lymphocytes in response to either specific antigen or mitogenic stimulation and is an important immunoregulatory molecule, particularly in allergic diseases. IFNg activates NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages. It stimulates LAK activity, costimulates B cell proliferation, inhibits T cell proliferation. The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the aberrant expression of MHC II antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. (MSH98)]]> Interferon Gamma (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> GAMMA INTERFERON (GEN) PT NCI]]> Actimmune BR NCI]]> Interferon Gamma (Therapeutic) C584 584 primitive C0021747 Pharmacologic Substance Interferon (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Interferon (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Human Leukocyte Interferon SY NCI]]> IFN AB NCI]]> NCI Interferons are glycoproteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to various inducers. They confer resistance against viruses, inhibit cell proliferation, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and have several other immunomodulatory functions. Interferons exert antiviral activity through cellular metabolic processes involving synthesis of double-stranded RNA, which is an intermediate in replication of RNA viruses. Antiviral mechanisms include the effect on viral translation. Interferons also have numerous non-antiviral actions and can regulate many cell properties and functions. They are classified into three major groups, alpha, beta, and gamma, based on their reactivities with antibodies, as well as physico-chemical properties, cells of origin, and method of induction. Interferons affect the division of cancer cells and slow tumor growth. (From MSH98)]]> Human lymphoblastoid interferon SY DTP NSC0339140]]> Human Lymphoblastoid Interferon SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.]]> Interferons Human Lymphoblastoid Interferon IFN Human Leukocyte Interferon CSP2002 a group of proteins elaborated by infected host cells that protect noninfected cells from viral infection.]]> Interferon (Therapeutic) C585 585 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021753 Interleukin-1-beta (Recombinant) Immunologic Factor interleukin-1-beta SY NCI]]> Interleukin-1-beta (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> IL-1-b AB NCI]]> interleukin-1-beta IL-1-b NCI Interleukin-1 (endogenous pyrogen), produced primarily by monocytes, is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates the acute phase host response. The biologic activities of IL1 are properties of a protein derived from a larger precursor. Inflammation causes induction of COX2, leading to release of prostanoids, which sensitize peripheral nociceptor terminals and produce local pain hypersensitivity. Inflammation also generates sensitivity in neighboring tissue, muscle and joint pain, fever, lethargy, and anorexia. COX2 induction in regions of the CNS is mediated by IL1B. Interleukin-1-beta also stimulates bone resorption. IL1RN is a competitive inhibitor of IL1B. Mature IL1-beta levels are a sensitive and specific indicator of caspase-1 activation. (from OMIM 147720 and NCI)]]> Interleukin-1-beta (Recombinant) C586 586 primitive C0021755 Pharmacologic Substance Interleukin-1 (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Macrophage Cell Factor SY NCI]]> IL-1 AB NCI]]> Lymphocyte-Stimulating Hormone SY NCI]]> Lymphocyte Activating Factor SY NCI]]> NCI Soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Its biological effects include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from INTERLEUKIN-2. (MSH98)]]> Macrophage Cell Factor Interleukin 1 Lymphocyte Activating Factor Lymphocyte-Stimulating Hormone IL-1 Interleukin-1 MSH2002_06_01 A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from INTERLEUKIN-2.]]> Interleukin-1 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Interleukin 1 SY NCI]]> Interleukin-1 SY DTP NSC0618082]]> Interleukin-1 (Therapeutic) C587 587 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Interleukin-2 (Therapeutic) 373364 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021756 C2712 interleukin-2 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045256]]> INTERLEUKIN 2, RECOMBINANT PT NCI]]> Interleukin II SY NCI]]> Interleukin-2 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Recombinant interleukin-2 SY DTP NSC0373364]]> T-Cell Growth Factor SY NCI]]> IL-2 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044367]]> TCGF AB NCI]]> NCI A cytokine derived from antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-helper lymphocytes that causes proliferation of T-lymphocytes and activated B-lymphocytes, as well as platelets during chemotherapy. A biological response modifier that stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. (STED98)]]> Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor Interleukin-2 Interleukin II INTERLEUKIN 2, RECOMBINANT IL-2 Thymocyte Stimulating Factor NCI-GLOSS (in-ter-LOO-kin) IL-2. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease) that stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. These substances are normally produced by the body. Aldesleukin is IL-2 that is made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.]]> NCI-GLOSS Interleukin-2. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease) that enhances the ability of the immune system to kill tumor cells and may interfere with blood flow to the tumor. These substances are normally produced by the body. Aldesleukin is IL-2 that is made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.]]> Ro-236019 TSF T-Cell Growth Factor TCGF Recombinant interleukin-2 Mitogenic Factor TSF AB NCI]]> Thymocyte Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> IL-2 AB NCI]]> Ro-236019 CN NCI]]> Mitogenic Factor SY NCI]]> Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor SY NCI]]> Interleukin-2 SY NCI]]> Interleukin-2 (Therapeutic) C588 588 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance 641115 C0021757 Interleukin-3 (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha SY NCI]]> Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor SY NCI]]> Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor SY NCI]]> MCGF AB NCI]]> ILE-964 CN NCI]]> NCI A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. Also called multi-CSF, it is considered one of the hematopoietic colony stimulating factors. (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS Interleukin-3. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease) that enhances the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.]]> Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor MCGF Interleukin-3 INTERLEUKIN - 3 (IL - 3)/ILE-964 ILE-964 IL-3 Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor MSH2002_06_01 A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. Also called multi-CSF, it is considered one of the hematopoietic colony stimulating factors.]]> INTERLEUKIN - 3 (IL - 3)/ILE-964 PT NCI]]> Interleukin-3 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> IL-3 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044419]]> IL-3 AB NCI]]> Interleukin-3 (Therapeutic) C589 589 primitive 620211 C0021758 Interleukin-4 (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance interleukin-4 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045209]]> B Cell Proliferating Factor SY NCI]]> B-Cell Growth Factor SY NCI]]> B-Cell Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> IL-4 AB NCI]]> MCGF 2 AB NCI]]> Interleukin-4 SY DTP NSC0618085]]> Interleukin-4 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> T-Cell Growth Factor 2 SY NCI]]> BCSF 1 BCGF B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 1 B-Cell Stimulating Factor T-Cell Growth Factor 2 NCI-GLOSS (in-ter-LOO-kin) IL-4. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease) that enhances the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that causes proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and Fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages.]]> NCI-GLOSS Interleukin-4. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease) that enhances the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.]]> NCI Soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that causes proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and Fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. (MSH98)]]> B-Cell Growth Factor B Cell Proliferating Factor Mast Cell Growth Factor-2 MCGF 2 Interleukin-4 INTERLEUKIN-4 (IL-4) IL-4 Mast Cell Growth Factor-2 SY NCI]]> INTERLEUKIN-4 (IL-4) PT NCI]]> Interleukin-4 SY NCI]]> IL-4 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044420]]> BCSF 1 AB NCI]]> BCGF AB NCI]]> B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 1 SY NCI]]> Interleukin-4 (Therapeutic) C590 590 primitive C0021759 Pharmacologic Substance Interleukin-5 (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Biologically Active Substance T-Cell Replacing Factor SY NCI]]> IL-5 AB NCI]]> Eosinophil Differentiation Factor SY NCI]]> Eo-CSF AB NCI]]> Interleukin-5 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Factor promoting eosinophil differentiation and activation in hematopoiesis. It also triggers activated B-cells for a terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting cells.]]> B-Cell Growth Factor-II Eo-CSF IL-5 Interleukin 5 Eosinophil Differentiation Factor BCGF-II T-Cell Replacing Factor NCI Factor promoting eosinophil differentiation and activation in hematopoiesis. It also triggers activated B-cells for a terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. (MSH98)]]> Interleukin 5 SY NCI]]> BCGF-II AB NCI]]> B-Cell Growth Factor-II SY NCI]]> Interleukin-5 (Therapeutic) C591 591 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021760 Interleukin-6 (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Sigosix BR NCI]]> B Cell Differentiation Factor 2 SY NCI]]> B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2 SY NCI]]> Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor SY NCI]]> Hybridoma Growth Factor SY NCI]]> HSF AB NCI]]> HPGF AB NCI]]> IFN Beta 2 SY NCI]]> Myeloid Differentiation Inducing Protein SY NCI]]> B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2 B Cell Differentiation Factor 2 Sigosix MSH2002_06_01 Factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts.]]> NCI-GLOSS Interleukin-6. A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease). These substances are normally produced by the body, but they can also be made in the laboratory.]]> NCI Produced by activated T-cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other cells, the glycoprotein cytokine Interleukin 6 stimulates the growth of hybridomas and plasmacytomas, as well as the growth and differentiation of B-cells. IL6 induces the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by B-lymphocytes. The biologic significance of IL6 lies in the fact that it is induced under conditions in which IFN-beta 1 is not induced, as in metabolically stressed cells. Its induction by IL1 and TNF suggests that it may play a role as an autocrine mediator of these cytokines in inflammation and acute phase responses, as well as regulate cell proliferation. In addition to its antiviral activity, IL6 elicits an acute phase response in liver cells and is identical to hepatocyte stimulatory factor. (from OMIM 147620 and NCI)]]> IL-6 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044421]]> IL-6 AB NCI]]> Interleukin-6 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Plasmacytoma Growth Factor Myeloid Differentiation Inducing Protein Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor HSF Hybridoma Growth Factor IFN Beta 2 IL-6 HPGF Plasmacytoma Growth Factor SY NCI]]> Interleukin-6 (Therapeutic) C592 592 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0021761 Interleukin-7 (Therapeutic) Lymphopoietin-1 SY NCI]]> IL-7 AB NCI]]> Interleukin-7 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> CSP2002 produced by epithelial and mesangial stromal cells; serves as a differentiation factor for B cell early development; also supports growth of some thymocytes and T lymphocytes.]]> Lymphopoietin-1 MSH2002_06_01 Hematopoietic growth factor that promotes growth of B-cell precursors and also is co-mitogenic with Interleukin-2 for mature T-cell activation. It is produced by bone marrow stromal cells.]]> NCI A recombinant form of Interleukin-7 (IL-7), produced by bone marrow, thymic stromal, and spleen cells and is a hematopoietic growth factor for progenitor B cells and T cells, stimulating proliferation and differentiation of mature T-cells and Natural Killer cells.]]> IL-7 Interleukin-7 (Therapeutic) C593 593 primitive C0021764 Interleukin (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Interleukin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.]]> NCI Interleukin is the generic name for a group of well-characterized cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and other cell types. They have a broad spectrum of functional activities that regulate the activities and capabilities of a wide variety of cell types. They are particularly important as members of the cytokine networks that regulate inflammatory and immune responses.]]> Interleukins Interleukin (Therapeutic) C594 594 primitive Element, Ion, or Isotope C0021968 Iodine iodine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044548]]> Iodine SY DTP NSC0042355]]> Iodine MQ CADSR]]> I AB CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.]]> I NCI-GLOSS An element that is necessary for the body to make thyroid hormone. It is found in shellfish and iodized salt.]]> Iodine PT NCI]]> Iodine C595 595 primitive C0021996 Iodotyrosine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Monoiodotyrosine SY NCI]]> Iodotyrosine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.]]> Monoiodotyrosine NCI An iodinated tyrosine.]]> Iodotyrosine C596 596 primitive Lipid Ionomycin Antibiotic C0022020 ionomycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045998]]> Ionomycin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.]]> CSP2002 a polyether ionophore.]]> Ionomycin C597 597 primitive C0022023 Ions Element, Ion, or Isotope Ions PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.]]> Ions C598 598 primitive Element, Ion, or Isotope Iron C0022084 Niferex BR NCI]]> Iron PT NCI]]> Niferex NCI A metallic element with atomic number 26 and atomic weight 55.85 that forms part of hemoglobin and other enzyme systems essential for energy metabolism.]]> Iron C599 599 primitive Organic Chemical C0022179 Isoflavone isoflavones PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046660]]> Isoflavone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of flavones in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.]]> Isoflavones NCI-GLOSS Plant compounds that are found in soy products. Soy isoflavones are being studied to see if they help prevent cancer.]]> Isoflavone C600 600 primitive C0022209 Isoniazid Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Isoniazid SY DTP NSC0009659]]> Isoniazid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.]]> Isoniazid Isoniazid C601 601 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Inosine Pranobex Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0022230 Viruxan FB NCI]]> Isoprinosine FB NCI]]> Aviral FB NCI]]> Inosine Mono[4-(acetylamino)benzoate] Salt Compd with 1-(dimethylamino)-2-propanol(1:3) SY NCI]]> Imunovir FB NCI]]> Delimmun FB NCI]]> Inosine Pranobex PT NCI]]> Inosiplex SY NCI]]> Isoprinosina SY NCI]]> NPT-10381 Viruxan MSH2002_06_01 An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly.]]> Pranosina SY NCI]]> NP-113 CN NCI]]> NPT 10381 CN NCI]]> NPT-10381 CN NCI]]> Pranosine SY NCI]]> Methisoprinol SY NCI]]> NP-113 Isoprinosine Isoprinosina Isoprinosin Inosiplex Inosine:Dimethylaminoisopropanol Acetamidobenzoate(1:3) Inosine Mono[4-(acetylamino)benzoate] Salt Compd with 1-(dimethylamino)-2-propanol(1:3) Imunovir Delimmun Aviral Methisoprinol NPT 10381 Pranosina Pranosine Isoprinosin SY NCI]]> Inosine:Dimethylaminoisopropanol Acetamidobenzoate(1:3) SY NCI]]> Inosine Pranobex C602 602 primitive C0022237 Isopropanol Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Isopropanol SY DTP NSC0135801]]> Isopropanol PT NCI]]> NCI Isopropyl alcohol; n-propan-2-ol; 2-propanol. Rubbing alcohol; solvent used for cosmetics and pharmacologicals, also as an antiseptic.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.]]> Isopropanol Isopropanol C603 603 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical 13-cis Retinoic Acid C0022265 C2394 329481 isotretinoin SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045534]]> Roacutan FB NCI]]> Isotrex SY NCI]]> Oratane FB NCI]]> RETINOICACID-13-CIS SY NCI]]> Neovitamin A SY NCI]]> Isotrexin FB NCI]]> Ro 4-3780 SY NCI]]> Roaccutan FB NCI]]> Isotretinoinum; SY NCI]]> Isotretinoin SY NCI]]> Cistane SY NCI]]> Accutane SY NCI]]> Accutane BR NCI]]> Accure FB NCI]]> 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)2cis-4-trans-6-trans-8-trans-nonatetraenoic Acid SY NCI]]> 13-cis-Vitamin A Acid SY NCI]]> Roaccutane FB NCI]]> Roaccutan Roaccutane Roacutan cis-Retinoic Acid MSH2002_06_01 A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. It is used in the treatment of acne and psoriasis and is being studied in cancer prevention. Also called 13-cis retinoic acid.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. It is used in the treatment of acne and psoriasis and is being studied in cancer prevention. Also called isotretinoin.]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Lung (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Head and Neck Isotrex Isotretinoinum; Isotretinoin Cistane Accutane Accure 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)2cis-4-trans-6-trans-8-trans-nonatetraenoic Acid Oratane Ro 4-3780 cis-Retinoic Acid SY NCI]]> 13-cis-Retinoic Acid PT NCI]]> 13-cis-Retinoate SY NCI]]> 13-cis retinoic acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044428]]> 13-cis Retinoic Acid PT NCI]]> 13-cRA AB NCI]]> 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID PT NCI]]> Isotrex FB NCI]]> Ro-4-3780 RETINOICACID-13-CIS 13-cis-Vitamin A Acid 13-cis-Retinoic Acid 13-cis-Retinoate 13-cRA Neovitamin A Isotrexin Ro-4-3780 CN NCI]]> 13-cis Retinoic Acid C604 604 primitive C0022616 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Ketanserin Sufrexal FB> NCI]]> R-41468 CN NCI]]> Ketanserin PT NCI]]> 3-[2-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-2,4[1H,3H]-quinazolinedione SY NCI]]> CSP2002 3-(2-(4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-piperidino) ethyl)-2,4-quinazolinedione.]]> Sufrexal R-41468 3-[2-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-2,4[1H,3H]-quinazolinedione Ketensin Serefrex MSH2002_06_01 A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.]]> NCI A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients. (MSH2001)]]> Serefrex FB NCI]]> Ketensin FB NCI]]> Ketanserin C605 605 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical 317629 C0022625 Ketoconazole ketoconazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045222]]> R-41400 CN NCI]]> Panfungol FB NCI]]> Ketoderm FB NCI]]> Ketoisdin FB NCI]]> Ketoconazole SY DTP NSC0317629]]> Nizoral BR NCI]]> Orifungal M FB NCI]]> Cis-1-Acetyl-4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazole-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazine SY NCI]]> Orifungal M Nizoral R-41400 MSH2002_06_01 Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that treats infection caused by a fungus. It is also used as a treatment for prostate cancer because it can block the production of male sex hormones.]]> CSP2002 1-acetyl-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl-2-imidazolylmethyl- 1,3- dioxolanylmethoxyphenyl) piperazine; broad spectrum, oral antifungal.]]> KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL) PT NCI]]> Fungoral FB NCI]]> Fungarest FB NCI]]> Ketoderm Fungoral Cis-1-Acetyl-4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazole-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazine Fungarest KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL) Ketoisdin Panfungol Ketoconazole PT NCI]]> Ketoconazole C606 606 primitive C0022947 Organic Chemical Lactone Compound Lactones SY NCI]]> Lactone Compound PT NCI]]> LACTONE SY DTP NSC0071047]]> NCI Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring (IUPAC).]]> LACTONE Lactones Lactone Compound C607 607 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical 3590 C0023413 Leucovorin Calcium Emovis FB NCI]]> Ecofol FB NCI]]> Divical FB NCI]]> Calinat FB NCI]]> Citofolin FB NCI]]> Citrovorum Factor SY NCI]]> Calcium Leucovorin SY NCI]]> Lederfolin FB NCI]]> Leucovorin Calcium PT NCI]]> Flynoken A FB NCI]]> Factor, Citrovorum SY NCI]]> FOLI-cell FB NCI]]> Rescuvolin FB NCI]]> Rescufolin FB NCI]]> NSC-3590 CN NCI]]> N-[p-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> N-[4-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amnio]benzoyl]-L-glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> Leucovorin SY NCI]]> Folinic Acid SY NCI]]> Folinic Acid Calcium Salt Pentahydrate SY NCI]]> Folinate Calcium SY NCI]]> Folinac FB NCI]]> Folidar FB NCI]]> Folidan FB NCI]]> Foliben FB NCI]]> Folaxin FB NCI]]> Folaren FB NCI]]> Cehafolin FB NCI]]> Calfolex FB NCI]]> Calcium Folinate SY NCI]]> Calcifolin FB NCI]]> Adinepar FB NCI]]> 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic Acid SY NCI]]> 5-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate SY NCI]]> leucovorin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045750]]> Folinate Calcium Folinac Folidar Folidan Cromatonbic Folinico Citrovorum Factor Citrec Citofolin Cehafolin Calinat Calfolex Calcium Leucovorin Calcium Folinate Dalisol Divical Emovis Factor, Citrovorum Foliben NCI-GLOSS A drug used to protect normal cells from high doses of the anticancer drug methotrexate. It is also used to increase the antitumor effects of fluorouracil and tegafur-uracil, an oral treatment alternative to intravenous fluorouracil.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid.]]> CSP2002 USP lists as an antidote to folate antagonists and an agent for treatment of folate deficiency anemias.]]> Disintox FB NCI]]> Dalisol FB NCI]]> Cromatonbic Folinico FB NCI]]> Citrec FB NCI]]> Wellcovorin BR NCI]]> Tonofolin FB NCI]]> Lederfolat FB NCI]]> Imo FB NCI]]> Folix FB NCI]]> Foliplus FB NCI]]> Folinvit FB NCI]]> Folinoral FB NCI]]> Folaren Folaxin Flynoken A FOLI-cell Ecofol Disintox Calcium (6S)-Folinate Calcifolin Adinepar 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic Acid 5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic Acid 5-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate Wellcovorin Tonofolin Rescuvolin Rescufolin NSC-3590 N-[p-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]glutamic Acid N-[4-[[(2-Amino-5-formyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amnio]benzoyl]-L-glutamic Acid Leucovorin Leucosar Lederfolin Lederfolat Imo Folix Foliplus Folinvit Folinoral Folinic Acid Calcium Salt Pentahydrate Folinic Acid Leucosar FB NCI]]> Calcium (6S)-Folinate SY NCI]]> Leucovorin Calcium C608 608 primitive C0023545 Eicosanoid Leukotriene Biologically Active Substance Leukotriene PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.]]> Leukotriene C609 609 primitive Eicosanoid Leukotriene B4 C0023546 Leukotriene B4 PT NCI]]> NCI (S-(R*,S*-(E,Z,E,Z)))-5,12-Dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)]]> MSH2002_06_01 The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)]]> Leukotriene B4 C610 610 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Levamisole Organic Chemical C0023556 C244 177023 Levamisole Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> R 12564 SY DTP NSC0177023]]> RP-20605 CN NCI]]> Tramisol FB NCI]]> l- Tetramisole Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Solaskil FB NCI]]> Levamisole PT NCI]]> Cloridrato de Levamizol SY NCI]]> Decaris SY DTP NSC0177023]]> NCI An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6) (MSH98)]]> LEVAMISOLE PT NCI]]> L-Tetramisole hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0177023]]> Ketrax FB NCI]]> Immunol FB NCI]]> ICI-59623 CN NCI]]> I-Tetramisole SY NCI]]> Ergamisole BR NCI]]> Ergamisol BR NCI]]> Cloridrato de Levamizol Ascaridil Solaskil RP-20605 R-12564 R 12564 Levamisole Hydrochloride L-Tetramisole hydrochloride Ketrax Immunol ICI-59623 Tramisol l- Tetramisole Hydrochloride Trimisol l-Tetramisole hydrochloride NCI-GLOSS An antiparasitic drug that is also being studied in cancer therapy with fluorouracil.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)]]> I-Tetramisole Ergamisole Ergamisol Decaris Decaris FB NCI]]> Ascaridil FB NCI]]> R-12564 CN NCI]]> Tramisol SY DTP NSC0177023]]> levamisole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045157]]> l-Tetramisole hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0177023]]> Trimisol FB NCI]]> Levamisole C611 611 primitive C0023570 Levodopa Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine SY NCI]]> Veldopa FB NCI]]> Levopa BR NCI]]> Levopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Maipedopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Maipedopa FB NCI]]> Levodopa PT NCI]]> L(-)-Dopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> L-DOPA SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Doprin FB NCI]]> Dopastral FB NCI]]> Dopaston FB NCI]]> Dopasol SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Ledopa FB NCI]]> Larodopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Larodopa BR NCI]]> Laradopa BR NCI]]> L-Dopa SY NCI]]> .beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine SY DTP NSC0118381]]> (--)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine SY NCI]]> (--)-2Amino-3-)3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic Acid SY NCI]]> (-)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Eldopatec FB NCI]]> Eldopar SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Eldopar BR NCI]]> Eldopal SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Eldopal FB NCI]]> Deadopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Deadopa FB NCI]]> Cidandopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Cidandopa FB NCI]]> Bendopa SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Bendopa BR NCI]]> 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine SY NCI]]> 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine SY DTP NSC0118381]]> 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Dopalina Dopal Dopaidan Dopaflex Deadopa Cidandopa Bendopa Levopa Ledopa Eldopatec Eldopar Eldopal Doprin Dopastral Dopaston Dopasol Doparl 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine .beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (--)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (--)-2Amino-3-)3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic Acid (-)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine Doparkine Dopar Larodopa Laradopa L-Dopa L-DOPA L-.beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine L(-)-Dopa Eurodopa Maipedopa Veldopa Parda beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine CSP2002 naturally occuring form of DOPA and precursor of dopamine; used as an antiparkinsonian agent; unlike dopamine it can be administered orally.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.]]> Dopasol FB NCI]]> Doparl FB NCI]]> Doparkine FB NCI]]> Dopar SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Dopar BR NCI]]> Dopalina SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Dopalina FB NCI]]> Dopal FB NCI]]> Dopaidan SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Dopaidan FB NCI]]> Dopaflex FB NCI]]> L-.beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine SY DTP NSC0118381]]> Eurodopa FB NCI]]> Parda FB NCI]]> Levodopa C612 612 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone C0023607 Luteinizing Hormone (Therapeutic) Lutropin SY NCI]]> Luteinizing Hormone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Luteinizing Hormone SY NCI]]> Leuteinizing Hormone SY NCI]]> Lutropin Luteinizing Hormone Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone LH (therapeutic) Leuteinizing Hormone MSH2002_06_01 A small glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. LH plays an important role in controlling ovulation and in controlling secretion of hormones by the ovaries and testes.]]> LH (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone SY NCI]]> Luteinizing Hormone (Therapeutic) C613 613 primitive C0023610 Gonadorelin (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Stimu-LH FB NCI]]> Relefact LH-RH FB NCI]]> Relisorm L FB NCI]]> Pulsti AQ NCI]]> Gonadorelin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Cryptocur FB NCI]]> Factrel BR NCI]]> GRH (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Gonadorelin SY NCI]]> Cryptocur LH-RH Lutrefact Lutrepulse Stimu-LH MSH2002_06_01 A decapeptide hormone released by the hypothalamus. It stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland.]]> Lutrepulse BR NCI]]> Lutrefact FB NCI]]> Kryptocur FB NCI]]> Relefact LH-RH Relisorm L Pulsti Lutrelef Luforan Abbott-41070 Kryptocur HRF Gonadorelin GnRH GRH (therapeutic) Fertiral Factrel D-His-6-Pro-8-NEt-LHRH GnRH FB NCI]]> Fertiral FB NCI]]> D-His-6-Pro-8-NEt-LHRH SY NCI]]> Abbott-41070 CN NCI]]> HRF FB NCI]]> Luforan FB NCI]]> Lutrelef FB NCI]]> Gonadorelin (Therapeutic) C614 614 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Lidocaine Organic Chemical C0023660 Xylotox SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Xylocitin SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Xylotox FB NCI]]> Xylocaine BR NCI]]> Leostesin SY DTP NSC0040030]]> 2-(Diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide SY DTP NSC0040030]]> 2-Diethylamino-2',6'-acetoxylidide SY NCI]]> Duncaine FB NCI]]> Leostesin FB NCI]]> Xylocaine Xylotox MSH2002_06_01 A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine.]]> Xylocitin BR NCI]]> Xylocaine SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Rucaina SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Omega-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide SY NCI]]> Lignocaine FB NCI]]> Lidocaine PT NCI]]> Rucaina Omega-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide Lignocaine Lidothesin Leostesin Duncaine Cuivasil 2-Diethylamino-2',6'-acetoxylidide 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide Xylocitin 2-(Diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide .omega.-Diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide Duncaine SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Cuivasil FB NCI]]> 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide SY NCI]]> .omega.-Diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Lidothesin BR NCI]]> Lignocaine SY DTP NSC0040030]]> Rucaina FB NCI]]> Lidocaine C615 615 primitive C0023749 Linoleic Acid Biologically Active Substance Lipid Linoleic acid SY DTP NSC0281243]]> Linoleic Acid PT NCI]]> Linoleic acid NCI A polyunsaturated essential fatty acid found mostly in plant oils. It is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes.]]> Linoleic Acid C616 616 primitive Lipid Lipid Biologically Active Substance Lipid PT NCI]]> NCI A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> CSP2002 any of a class of hydrophobic biochemicals including fats, long- chain fatty acids, steroids, oils, and waxes.]]> Lipid C617 617 primitive Lomustine Organic Chemical 79037 Pharmacologic Substance C0023972 C480 lomustine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046017]]> RB-1509 CN NCI]]> WR-139017 CN NCI]]> NSC 79037 SY DTP NSC0079037]]> Lomustine PT NCI]]> Lucostin FB NCI]]> N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0079037]]> Prava FB NCI]]> Cecenu FB NCI]]> 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> Lomeblastin FB NCI]]> Citostal FB NCI]]> Chloroethylcyclohexylnitrosourea SY NCI]]> Chloroethylcyclohexylnitrosourea SY DTP NSC0079037]]> Chloroethylcyclo- hexylnitrosourea SY NCI]]> CeeNU SY DTP NSC0079037]]> CeeNU BR NCI]]> Cecenu SY DTP NSC0079037]]> 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0079037]]> CCNU SY DTP NSC0079037]]> CCNU PT NCI]]> CCNU AB NCI]]> Belustine SY DTP NSC0079037]]> Belustine FB NCI]]> Belustin FB NCI]]> 1-Nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl- SY DTP NSC0079037]]> 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> CeeNU Cecenu CCNU Belustine NSC-79037 RB-1509 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea WR-139017 Prava NSC 79037 N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea Lucostine Lucostin Lomustinum Lomeblastin Citostal Chloroethylcyclohexylnitrosourea Chloroethylcyclo- hexylnitrosourea 1-Nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl- Belustin MSH2002_06_01 An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> NSC-79037 CN NCI]]> N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> Lucostine FB NCI]]> Lomustinum SY NCI]]> Lomustine C618 618 primitive 696356 C2732 Organic Chemical Loperamide Pharmacologic Substance C0023992 Loperamide PT NCI]]> LOPERAMIDE PT NCI]]> LOPERAMIDE MSH2002_06_01 One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.]]> Loperamide C619 619 primitive Lorazepam Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0024002 Lorazepam PT NCI]]> Ativan BR NCI]]> Ativan SY DTP NSC0289758]]> Ativan CSP2002 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1,4- benzodiazepin-2-one.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.]]> Lorazepam C620 620 primitive Lovastatin Pharmacologic Substance C0024027 Organic Chemical Mevacor SY DTP NSC0633781]]> Lovastatin SY DTP NSC0633781]]> Mevacor BR NCI]]> CSP2002 HMG coA reductase inhibitor which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and thus lowers blood cholesterol levels; also blocks isoprenylation of protein CAAX motifs.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.]]> Lovastatin PT NCI]]> Mevacor Lovastatin Lovastatin C621 621 primitive C0024297 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Lymphokine (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Lymphokines SY NCI]]> Lymphokine (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A type of cytokine produced by lymphocytes for therapeutic use involving celular immunity.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.]]> Lymphokines Lymphokine (Therapeutic) C622 622 primitive Tumor Necrosis Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance C0024320 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Tumor Necrosis Factor-Beta SY NCI]]> TNF beta SY NCI]]> Tumor Necrosis Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Lymphotoxin Alpha SY NCI]]> Tumor Necrosis Factor-Beta MSH2002_06_01 Soluble substance released by lymphocytes activated by antigens or T-cell mitogens, that is cytotoxic to other cells. It is involved in allergies and chronic inflammatory diseases. Lymphotoxin is antigenically distinct from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR), though they both share a common receptor, biological activities, and significant amino acid sequences.]]> NCI Soluble substance released by lymphocytes activated by antigens or T-cell mitogens, that is cytotoxic to other cells. It is involved in allergies and chronic inflammatory diseases. Lymphotoxin is antigenically distinct from tumor necrosis factor-alpha, though they both share a common receptor, biological activities, and significant amino acid sequences. (MSH98)]]> Lymphotoxin A SY NCI]]> TNF beta Lymphotoxin A Lymphotoxin Alpha Tumor Necrosis Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) C623 623 primitive C0024480 Inorganic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Magnesium Sulfate Magnesium sulfate SY DTP NSC0146179]]> Magnesium Sulfate PT NCI]]> Magnesium sulfate MSH2002_06_01 A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083)]]> Magnesium Sulfate C624 624 primitive Manganese Element, Ion, or Isotope C0024706 Manganese PT NCI]]> NCI Manganese. A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)]]> Manganese C625 625 primitive C0024730 Carbohydrate Pharmacologic Substance Mannitol Resectisol SY DTP NSC0407017]]> Osmitrol SY DTP NSC0407017]]> Resectisol BR NCI]]> Osmitrol BR NCI]]> Osmitrol Resectisol MSH2002_06_01 A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.]]> Mannitol PT NCI]]> Mannitol C626 626 primitive Maytansine Pharmacologic Substance C0024975 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 6-ester with 11-chloro-6, 21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1(10,24).0(3,5)]hexacosa-10,12,14[26], 16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione SY NCI]]> NSC-153858 CN NCI]]> NSC 153858 SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Maytansin SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 6-ester with 11-chloro-6, 21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9, 22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1(10,24).0(3,5)]hexacosa-10,12,14[26], 16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione SY DTP NSC0153858]]> MAYTANSINE SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Maysanine SY NCI]]> Maytansine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An ansa macrolide isolated from the East African shrubs Maytenus serrata and M. buchananii. It has antineoplastic activity, probably due to its inhibition of DNA synthesis.]]> Maitansine MAYTANSINE Maysanine Maytansin Maytansine L-alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03, 5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*,3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)] L-Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8, 23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03, 5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*, 3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)]- Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 6-ester with 11-chloro-6, 21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9, 22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1(10,24).0(3,5)]hexacosa-10,12,14[26], 16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 6-ester with 11-chloro-6, 21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.1(10,24).0(3,5)]hexacosa-10,12,14[26], 16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione NSC-153858 NSC 153858 Maytansine SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Maytansin SY NCI]]> Maitansine SY NCI]]> L-Alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8, 23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03, 5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*, 3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)]- SY DTP NSC0153858]]> L-alanine, N-acetyl-N-methyl-, 11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03, 5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl ester, [1S-(1R*,2S*,3R*,5R*,6R*,16E,18E,20S*,21R*)] SY NCI]]> Maitansine SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Maysanine SY DTP NSC0153858]]> Maytansine C627 627 primitive 762 Pharmacologic Substance C0025033 Nitrogen Mustard Organic Chemical Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> HN 2 AB NCI]]> Chlormethine SY NCI]]> Chloromethine HCl SY NCI]]> Erasol FB NCI]]> Cloramin FB NCI]]> Chlormethine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0000762]]> chlorethamine hydrochloride SY NCI]]> chloromethine SY NCI]]> Mustine SY NCI]]> Mustine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0000762]]> Mustine Hydrochloride FB NCI]]> Mustargen BR NCI]]> methylchlorethamine SY NCI]]> mechlorethamine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046603]]> mechlorethamine hydrochloride SY NCI]]> mechlorethamine HCl SY NCI]]> ethanamine,2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methyl SY NCI]]> Mustargen Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Mustargen HCl SY NCI]]> Mustard SY NCI]]> Mechlorethamine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0000762]]> WR-147650 CN NCI]]> Onco-Cloramin FB NCI]]> Nitrogen Mustard PT NCI]]> N-Lost SY NCI]]> N-Lost SY DTP NSC0000762]]> Erasol Cloramin Chloromethine HCl Chlormethine hydrochloride WR-147650 Onco-Cloramin N-Lost Mustine hydrochloride Mustine Hydrochloride Chlorethazine Chloramin Caryolysine Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine Mustargen Mustard Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride Mechlorethamine HN 2 Mustine Mustargen hydrochloride Mustargen Hydrochloride Mustargen HCl methylchlorethamine MSH2002_06_01 A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> NCI A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. (MSH98)]]> Chlormethine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Chlorethazine SY DTP NSC0000762]]> Chlorethazine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Chloramin SY NCI]]> Caryolysine SY DTP NSC0000762]]> Caryolysine FB NCI]]> Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine SY NCI]]> Mustargen hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0000762]]> mechlorethamine HCl chlorethamine hydrochloride chlorethamine HCl chlorethazine chloromethine ethanamine,2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methyl Chlormethine Hydrochloride Chlormethine Chlorethazine Hydrochloride mechlorethamine hydrochloride chlorethazine SY NCI]]> chlorethamine HCl SY NCI]]> Erasol SY DTP NSC0000762]]> Nitrogen Mustard C628 628 primitive Mechlorethamine Oxide Hydrochloride Pharmacologic Substance C0025034 Organic Chemical Mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0010107]]> Mechlorethamine Oxide Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> NCI A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that causes DNA cross linkages. It is a known carcinogen especially in mice. (NCI)]]> Mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride Mechlorethamine Oxide Hydrochloride C629 629 primitive C0025147 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Medroxyprogesterone medroxyprogesterone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045265]]> (6Alpha)-17-hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> Medroxyprogesterone SY DTP NSC0027408]]> 17Alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-methylprogesterone SY NCI]]> 6Alpha-methyl-17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone SY NCI]]> 6Alpha-methyl-4-pregnen-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> Medroxyprogesterone PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A hormonal anticancer drug that is also used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called progestins.]]> 6Alpha-methyl-4-pregnen-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione 17Alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-methylprogesterone (6Alpha)-17-hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 6Alpha-methyl-17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone MSH2002_06_01 (6 alpha)-17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone used in veterinary practice as an estrus regulator.]]> Medroxyprogesterone C630 630 primitive Megestrol Steroid C0025175 Pharmacologic Substance megestrol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046617]]> MEG AB NCI]]> Megestrol PT NCI]]> Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-6-methyl- SY NCI]]> Compound 5071 SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the group of hormones called progestins, used as hormone therapy to block estrogen and to suppress the effects of estrogen and androgens. It is also used to stimulate the appetite in people with cancer.]]> Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-6-methyl- Compound 5071 MEG MSH2002_06_01 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.]]> Megestrol C631 631 primitive C0025196 Biologically Active Substance Organic Chemical Melanin melanin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046291]]> Melanin PT NCI]]> NCI A skin pigment (substance that gives the skin its color). Dark-skinned people have more melanin than light-skinned people.]]> CSP2002 amorphous, nonproteinaceous pigment responsible for the brown hue of eyes, skin, hair, various tumors, and certain internal structures including the substantia nigra of the brain.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Pigments causing darkness in skin, hair, feathers, etc. They are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.]]> NCI-GLOSS (MEL-a-nin) The substance that gives color to skin and eyes.]]> Melanin C632 632 primitive 56423 C0025219 C280 Pharmacologic Substance Melatonin (Therapeutic) Organic Chemical Melatonin PT NCI]]> Melatonin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A neurohormone synthesized by the pineal gland in mammals and by lower plants. Production peaks at night and secretion increases during exposure to light. In humans, it is implicated in the regulation of sleep, mood, puberty, and ovarian cycles. Evidence shows that melatonin is a highly effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant both in vivo and in vitro. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A neurohormone synthesized by the pineal gland in mammals and by lower plants. Production peaks at night and secretion increases during exposure to light. In humans, it is implicated in the regulation of sleep, mood, puberty, and ovarian cycles. Evidence shows that melatonin is a highly effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant both in vivo and in vitro.]]> Melatonin CSP2002 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, a pineal hormone involved in modulation of skin pigmentation, gonad development, and circadian rhythms.]]> Melatonin (Therapeutic) C633 633 primitive Melphalan Pharmacologic Substance C376 8806 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0025241 p-di(chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine SY NCI]]> melfalan SY NCI]]> melphalan PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045957]]> WR-19813 CN NCI]]> NSC-8806 CN NCI]]> L-Sarcolysin SY DTP NSC0241286]]> L-Sarcolysine SY NCI]]> L-sarcolysin SY NCI]]> Melphalanum FB NCI]]> L-Phenylalanine mustard SY DTP NSC0241286]]> L-PAM AB NCI]]> CB-3025 CN NCI]]> CAS 148-82-3 CN NCI]]> Alkerana FB NCI]]> Alkeran BR NCI]]> Alanine Nitrogen Mustard SY DTP NSC0008806]]> 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine SY NCI]]> NSC 8806 SY DTP NSC0241286]]> L-PAM CB-3025 CAS 148-82-3 Alkerana Alkeran Alanine Nitrogen Mustard 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine Phenylalanine Mustard p-di(chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine NSC-8806 NSC 8806 Melphalanum L-sarcolysin L-phenylalanine mustard L-Sarcolysine L-Sarcolysin Phenylalanine mustard L-Sarcolysin L-Phenylalanine mustard CSP2002 4-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine; a bifunctional alkylating agent used as a DNA strand crosslinker and antineoplastic.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> alanine nitrogen mustard SY NCI]]> Sarkolysin SY DTP NSC0241286]]> Sarcoclorin SY NCI]]> Phenylalanine Nitrogen Mustard SY NCI]]> NSC-8806 SY DTP NSC0241286]]> melfalan WR-19813 Phenylalanine nitrogen mustard Sarcoclorin Sarkolysin alanine nitrogen mustard Phenylalanine Nitrogen Mustard Melphalan PT NCI]]> L-phenylalanine mustard SY NCI]]> L-Sarcolysine SY DTP NSC0241286]]> L-Sarcolysin Phenylalanine mustard SY NCI]]> Phenylalanine Mustard SY NCI]]> Phenylalanine nitrogen mustard SY DTP NSC0241286]]> Sarkolysin FB NCI]]> Melphalan C634 634 primitive Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance C0025326 Repronex BR NCI]]> Menotropins SY NCI]]> Pergonal BR NCI]]> HMG (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Humegon BR NCI]]> Human Menopausal Gonadotropins SY NCI]]> Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Human Menopausal Gonadotropin SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Extracts from human menopausal urine containing FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LH activity. They are used to treat infertility disorders.]]> Pergonal Humegon HMG (therapeutic) Human Menopausal Gonadotropin Human Menopausal Gonadotropins Menotropins Repronex Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (Therapeutic) C635 635 primitive C0025376 Pharmacologic Substance Meperidine Organic Chemical Meperidine PT NCI]]> Demerol BR NCI]]> Demerol MSH2002_06_01 A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.]]> Meperidine C636 636 primitive Mestranol Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C0025506 Mestranol PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 (17 alpha)-3-Methoxy-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yn-17-ol. The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated before it becomes biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination oral contraceptives. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1058)]]> Mestranol C637 637 primitive C0025552 Inorganic Chemical Metals Metals PT RAEB-2]]> Metals PT NCI]]> RAEB-2 RAEB: Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Metals C638 638 primitive Methadone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0025605 Methadose BR NCI]]> Dolophine BR NCI]]> Methadone PT NCI]]> Althose SY DTP NSC0019600]]> Adanon BR NCI]]> Methadose Adanon Althose Dolophine MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. It also has a depressant action on the cough center and may be given to control intractable cough associated with terminal lung cancer. Methadone is also used as part of the treatment of dependence on opioid drugs, although prolonged use of methadone itself may result in dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)]]> Althose BR NCI]]> Methadone C639 639 primitive Organic Chemical Mesylates Mesylates PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic salts or esters of methanesulfonic acid.]]> Mesylates C640 640 primitive Methaqualone Organic Chemical C0025627 Pharmacologic Substance Ortonal SY NCI]]> Ortonal SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Optinoxan SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Omnyl SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Normi-Nox AQ NCI]]> Optinoxan SY NCI]]> Omnyl SY NCI]]> Normi-Nox SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Metolquizolone SY NCI]]> Ipnofil SY NCI]]> Noctilene SY NCI]]> Noctilene SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Nobedorm SY NCI]]> Nobedorm SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Motolon SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Motolon AQ NCI]]> Mollinox SY NCI]]> Mollinox SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Dormigoa SY NCI]]> Dormigoa SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Citexal SY NCI]]> Cateudyl SY NCI]]> Cateudyl SY DTP NSC0126877]]> 3,4-Dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-o-tolylquinazoline SY NCI]]> 2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone SY NCI]]> 2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> 2-Methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone SY NCI]]> Quaalude SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Quaalude BR NCI]]> QZ-2 SY NCI]]> QZ-2 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> QZ 2 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Parminal SY NCI]]> Parminal SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Parest SY NCI]]> Parest SY DTP NSC0075892]]> Metolquizolone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Methaqualone PT NCI]]> Mequin SY NCI]]> Melsomin SY NCI]]> Melsomin SY DTP NSC0126877]]> MTQ AB NCI]]> MAOA SY DTP NSC0126877]]> MAOA AB NCI]]> Sindesvel SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Rouqualone SY NCI]]> Rouqualone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Roulone SY NCI]]> Roulone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Rorer 148 SY NCI]]> Rorer 148 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> RIC-272 SY NCI]]> RIC 272 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Tuazolone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Torinal SY NCI]]> Torinal SY DTP NSC0126877]]> TR-495 SY NCI]]> TR-495 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> TR 495 SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Soverin SY NCI]]> Soverin SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Sonal SY NCI]]> Ipnofil SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Hyptor SY NCI]]> Hyptor SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Hypcol SY NCI]]> Hyminal SY NCI]]> Hyminal SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Holodorm SY NCI]]> Holodorm SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Fadormir SY NCI]]> Torinal TR 495 Soverin Sonal Somnomed Somnafac Somberol Sindesvel Rouqualone Roulone Rorer 148 RIC-272 RIC 272 Quaalude QZ-2 QZ 2 Parminal Metolquizolone Mequin Melsomin MTQ MAOA Ipnofil Hyptor Hypcol 3,4-Dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-o-tolylquinazoline 2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone 2-Methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone Hyminal Holodorm Fadormir Dorsedin Dormutil Dormogen Dormigoa Citexal Cateudyl Parest Ortonal Optinoxan Omnyl Normi-Nox Noctilene Nobedorm Motolon Mollinox TR-495 Tuazolone MSH2002_06_01 A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604)]]> NCI A sedative, hypnotic agent that was used for insomnia, but was taken off of the market, in the U.S., in 1983 due to its high risk of abuse.(NCI)]]> 2-Methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Fadormir SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Dorsedin SY NCI]]> Dorsedin SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Dormutil SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Dormutil BR NCI]]> Dormogen SY NCI]]> Dormogen SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Tuazolone SY NCI]]> Sonal SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Somnomed SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Somnomed AQ NCI]]> Somnafac SY DTP NSC0075892]]> Somnafac BR NCI]]> Somberol SY NCI]]> Somberol SY DTP NSC0126877]]> Sindesvel SY NCI]]> Methaqualone C641 641 primitive C0025644 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Methimazole Tapazole SY DTP NSC0038608]]> Methimazole SY DTP NSC0038608]]> Tapazole BR NCI]]> Methimazole PT NCI]]> Methimazole Tapazole MSH2002_06_01 A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.]]> Methimazole C642 642 primitive 740 C0025677 C608 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Methotrexate Pharmacologic Substance methotrexate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045393]]> WR-19039 CN NCI]]> Tremetex FB NCI]]> Rheumatrex BR NCI]]> Lumexon FB NCI]]> Maxtrex FB NCI]]> Metex FB NCI]]> Methotrexate LPF BR NCI]]> Methotrexate PT NCI]]> Emthexat FB NCI]]> Emtexate FB NCI]]> CL-14377 CN NCI]]> CL 14377 SY DTP NSC0000740]]> Brimexate FB NCI]]> Amethopterin SY DTP NSC0000740]]> Amethopterin BR NCI]]> Alpha-Methopterin SY NCI]]> Abitrexate BR NCI]]> NCI An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for DNA formation. It has also been used in the treatment of psoriasis.]]> Trixilem FB NCI]]> Trexeron FB NCI]]> Texate FB NCI]]> Novatrex FB NCI]]> Mexate-AQ BR NCI]]> Metotrexato SY NCI]]> Ledertrexate FB NCI]]> Lantarel FB NCI]]> Folex SY DTP NSC0027720]]> Folex BR NCI]]> Folex PFS BR NCI]]> Fauldexato FB NCI]]> Farmitrexat FB NCI]]> Emthexate FB NCI]]> 4-Amino-4-deoxy-10-methylpteroyl-L-glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> 4-Amino-10-methylfolic Acid SY NCI]]> CL 14377 Brimexate Amethopterin Alpha-Methopterin Abitrexate Trixilem WR-19039 MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> Mexate-AQ Mexate Metrotex Metotrexato Lumexon Ledertrexate Lantarel Folex PFS Folex Methotrexatum Methotrexate Methylaminopterin Methotrexate LPF Methoblastin Metex Medsatrexate Maxtrex MTX METHOTREXATE Trexeron Tremetex Texate Rheumatrex Novatrex Fauldexato Farmitrexat 4-Amino-4-deoxy-10-methylpteroyl-L-glutamic Acid 4-Amino-10-methylfolic Acid Emthexate Emthexat Emtexate CL-14377 Methotrexate Methylaminopterin SY NCI]]> Methoblastin FB NCI]]> Medsatrexate FB NCI]]> MTX AB NCI]]> Methotrexatum SY NCI]]> Metrotex FB NCI]]> Mexate BR NCI]]> Methotrexate C643 643 primitive Methoxsalen Pharmacologic Substance C0025684 Organic Chemical methoxsalen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045224]]> Xanthotoxin SY DTP NSC0045923]]> XANTHOTOXIN SY DTP NSC0045923]]> Puvasoralen FB NCI]]> Oxsoralen SY DTP NSC0045923]]> Meladinine SY DTP NSC0045923]]> Methoxsalen SY DTP NSC0045923]]> Metoxaleno FB NCI]]> Oxsoralen-Ultra BR NCI]]> Dermox FB NCI]]> Deltasoralen FB NCI]]> Ammoidin SY DTP NSC0045923]]> Ammoidin BR NCI]]> 8-Methoxypsoralen SY NCI]]> 8-Methoxypsoralen SY DTP NSC0045923]]> 8-MOP SY DTP NSC0045923]]> 8-MOP AB NCI]]> Oxsoralen BR NCI]]> 8-MOP Metoxaleno Xanthotoxin NCI-GLOSS A drug used in ultraviolet light therapy.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.]]> NCI methoxsalen inhibits CYP2A6, blocking nicotine's metabolism in the liver, decreasing its clearance, and thereby increasing its bioavailability. This results in a reduction in number of cigarettes smoked. (from Medscape)]]> Meladinina FB NCI]]> Geroxalen FB NCI]]> Geralen FB NCI]]> Ultramop Oxsoralen Oxsoralen-Ultra Puvasoralen Uvadex Mopsoralen Methoxypsoralen Methoxsalen Meladinine Meladinina Geroxalen Geralen Dermox Deltasoralen Ammoidin 8-Methoxypsoralen Mopsoralen FB NCI]]> Methoxypsoralen SY NCI]]> Methoxsalen PT NCI]]> Meladinine FB NCI]]> Xanthotoxin BR NCI]]> Uvadex BR NCI]]> Ultramop FB NCI]]> Methoxsalen C644 644 primitive C0025746 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Pharmacologic Substance Methylene Blue Vitableu FB NCI]]> Tetramethylthionine Chloride Trihydrate SY NCI]]> Urolene Blue BR NCI]]> Methylthioninium chloride SY DTP NSC0003089]]> Colour Index No. 52015 SY NCI]]> Azul de Metileno SY NCI]]> CI Basic Blue 9 SY NCI]]> Desmoidpillen FB NCI]]> Methylenum Caeruleum SY NCI]]> Blu di Metilene Azul de Metileno Azul Metile Schultz No. 1038 Vitableu MSH2002_06_01 A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.]]> Schultz No. 1038 SY NCI]]> Schultz No. 1038 SY DTP NSC0003089]]> Methylthioninium Chloride SY NCI]]> Urolene Blue Tetramethylthionine Chloride Trihydrate Methylthioninium chloride Methylthioninium Chloride Methylthioninii Chloridum Methylenum Caeruleum Methylene blue Methylene Blue Desmoidpillen Colour Index No. 52015 Collubleu CI Basic Blue 9 Methylene Blue SY DTP NSC0617593]]> Collubleu FB NCI]]> Blu di Metilene SY NCI]]> Azul Metile FB NCI]]> Methylene Blue PT NCI]]> Methylene blue SY DTP NSC0003089]]> Methylthioninii Chloridum SY NCI]]> Methylene Blue C645 645 primitive Methylnitrosourea Pharmacologic Substance C0025803 Organic Chemical NSC-23909 CN NCI]]> NSC 23909 SY DTP NSC0023909]]> N-methyl-N-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> Methylnitrosourea SY DTP NSC0023909]]> N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0023909]]> Methylnitrosourea PT NCI]]> MNU AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.]]> N-methyl-N-nitrosourea NSC 23909 N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea MNU NSC-23909 Methylnitrosourea C646 646 primitive C0025810 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Methylphenidate methylphenidate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045348]]> Methylphenidate PT NCI]]> Ritalin BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that is a central nervous system stimulant.]]> Ritalin MSH2002_06_01 A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.]]> Methylphenidate C647 647 primitive Methylprednisolone Steroid C0025815 19987 Pharmacologic Substance methylprednisolone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045370]]> Radilem FB NCI]]> Sieropresol AQ NCI]]> Solpredone FB NCI]]> Solu-Medrone FB NCI]]> Summicort BR NCI]]> Mega-Star FB NCI]]> Methylprednisolone Acetate SY NCI]]> Methylprednisolone acetate SY DTP NSC0048985]]> Predni-M-Tablinen FB NCI]]> Metysolon FB NCI]]> Metypresol FB NCI]]> Metypred BR NCI]]> Metrocort BR NCI]]> Metilbetasone Solubile FB NCI]]> Methylprednisolonum SY NCI]]> Methylprednisolone SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Methylprednisolone PT NCI]]> Medrol BR NCI]]> Medrol Veriderm FB NCI]]> Medrate SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Medrate FB NCI]]> Medlone 21 BR NCI]]> Firmacort FB NCI]]> Esametone FB NCI]]> Prednilen AQ NCI]]> Prednilem FB NCI]]> Depo-Medrone SY DTP NSC0048985]]> Depo-Medrone FB NCI]]> Depo-Medrol BR NCI]]> Depo-Medrate SY DTP NSC0048985]]> Depo-Medrate FB NCI]]> 6Alpha-Methylprednisolone SY NCI]]> Depo Moderin FB NCI]]> DepMedalone FB NCI]]> D-Med SY DTP NSC0048985]]> Solpredone Sieropresol Radilem Prednilen Prednilem Predni-M-Tablinen Metysolon Metypresol Caberdelta M Asmacortone Adlone A-MethaPred 6Alpha-Methylprednisolone Solu-Medrol Wyacort MSH2002_06_01 A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.]]> NCI-GLOSS A corticosteroid hormone replacement.]]> Urbason SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Urbason FB NCI]]> Veriderm Medrol FB NCI]]> Wyacort FB NCI]]> Wyacort SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Emmetipi FB NCI]]> Duralone FB NCI]]> Depo-Nisolone FB NCI]]> D-Med FB NCI]]> Cryosolona FB NCI]]> Caberdelta M FB NCI]]> Asmacortone FB NCI]]> Adlone FB NCI]]> A-MethaPred FB NCI]]> Medrone FB NCI]]> Medrol SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Urbason Summicort Veriderm Medrol Solu-Medrone Duralone Depo-Nisolone Depo-Medrone Depo-Medrol Depo-Medrate Depo Moderin DepMedalone D-Med Cryosolona Mega-Star Medrone Medrol Veriderm Medrol Medrate Medlone 21 Firmacort Esametone Emmetipi Metypred Metrocort Metilbetasone Solubile Methylprednisolonum Methylprednisolone acetate Methylprednisolone Succinate Methylprednisolone Acetate Methylprednisolone Meprolone Solu Moderin Methylprednisolone Succinate SY NCI]]> Meprolone BR NCI]]> Medrone SY DTP NSC0019987]]> Solu-Medrone SY DTP NSC0048989]]> Solu-Medrol SY DTP NSC0048989]]> Solu-Medrol BR NCI]]> Solu Moderin FB NCI]]> Methylprednisolone C648 648 primitive C0025826 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Methyltestosterone Testred SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Neohombreol M BR NCI]]> Orchisterone-M BR NCI]]> Oreton methyl SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Perandren (lozenges) BR NCI]]> Oreton Methyl SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Oreton Methyl BR NCI]]> Testomet FB NCI]]> Testovis FB NCI]]> Methyltestosteronum SY NCI]]> Methyltestosterone SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Methyltestosterone PT NCI]]> Metandren SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Metandren BR NCI]]> Glosso-Sterandryl SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Glosso-Sterandryl BR NCI]]> Estratest BR NCI]]> Ero Test FB NCI]]> Estratest Ero Test Eldec Android 17-Methyltestosterone 17 Alpha-methyl-delta4-androsten-17beta-ol-4-one (17Beta)-17-hydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one Testotonic B Testred MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).]]> Testred BR NCI]]> Eldec FB NCI]]> Android BR NCI]]> 17-Methyltestosterone SY NCI]]> 17-Methyltestosterone SY DTP NSC0009701]]> 17 Alpha-methyl-delta4-androsten-17beta-ol-4-one SY NCI]]> (17Beta)-17-hydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one SY NCI]]> Testovis Testomet Perandren (lozenges) Oreton methyl Oreton Methyl Orchisterone-M Neohombreol M Methyltestosteronum Methyltestosterone Metandren Glosso-Sterandryl Testotonic B FB NCI]]> Methyltestosterone C649 649 primitive C0025853 Pharmacologic Substance Metoclopramide Organic Chemical metoclopramide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045225]]> Reglan BR NCI]]> Metoclopramide PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting.]]> Reglan MSH2002_06_01 A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.]]> Metoclopramide C650 650 primitive Metolazone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0025854 Zaroxolyn BR NCI]]> 2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-6-sulfamyl-7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinazolinone SY NCI]]> 7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-6-quinazolinesulfonamide SY NCI]]> Xuret FB NCI]]> SR-720-22 CN NCI]]> Diulo BR NCI]]> 7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-o-tolyl-6-quinazolinesulfonamide SY NCI]]> Mykrox BR NCI]]> Metolazone PT NCI]]> Mykrox Metenix Diulo 7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-o-tolyl-6-quinazolinesulfonamide 7-Chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-6-quinazolinesulfonamide 2-Methyl-3-o-tolyl-6-sulfamyl-7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-quinazolinone Xuret Zaroxolyn MSH2002_06_01 A potent, long acting diuretic useful in chronic renal disease. It also tends to lower blood pressure and increase potassium loss.]]> SR-720-22 Metenix FB NCI]]> Metolazone C651 651 primitive Metronidazole Pharmacologic Substance C0025872 Organic Chemical metronidazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045226]]> Flagyl BR NCI]]> Flagyl SY DTP NSC0069587]]> Metro I.V. BR NCI]]> Satric BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. It is also being studied in the treatment of some cancers.]]> Satric Flagyl Metro I.V. MSH2002_06_01 An antiprotozoal used in amebiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and as a treponemacide in livestock. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).]]> Metronidazole C652 652 primitive C0025887 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Mexiletine Mexiletine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.]]> CSP2002 antiarrhythmia agent pharmacologically similar to lidocaine.]]> Mexiletine C653 653 primitive Mezlocillin Antibiotic C0025893 Mezlocillin PT NCI]]> Mezlin BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.]]> Mezlin Mezlocillin C654 654 primitive C0026056 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Midazolam Versed BR NCI]]> Midazolam PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.]]> CSP2002 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl- 4H- imidazo(1,5a)(1,4)benzodiazepine; short acting benzodiazepine sedative with high liability for abuse; used for preanesthesia sedation (USP lists as an injectable anesthetic).]]> Versed Midazolam C655 655 primitive Mifepristone Pharmacologic Substance 652104 Steroid C0026088 C2144 mifepristone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045326]]> (aa Beta, 17 beta)-11-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one SY NCI]]> 11 Beta-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-17alpha-(propyl-1-ynyl)-delta-4,9-estradiene-17 beta-ol-3-one SY NCI]]> Mifegyne FB NCI]]> Mifeprex BR NCI]]> NCI Synthetic chemical compound with antiprogesterone properties used for early pregnancy termination; the substance binds with glucocorticoid receptors resulting in increased adrenal gland secretion. SYN RU-486, RU-38486, RU 486, R-38486, R3848]]> CSP2002 11-((4-dimethylamino) phenyl)-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl) estra-4,9- dien-3-one; progesterone and glucocorticoid antagonist with potential applications in terminating pregnancy, controlling menstruation, and treating hypercortisolism.]]> RU-38486 RU 486 11 Beta-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-17alpha-(propyl-1-ynyl)-delta-4,9-estradiene-17 beta-ol-3-one Mifegyne Mifeprex (aa Beta, 17 beta)-11-[4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that blocks the action of progesterone, a hormone that affects the growth of some cancers.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.]]> Mifepristone PT NCI]]> Mifepristone SY DTP NSC0652104]]> RU 486 CN NCI]]> RU-38486 CN NCI]]> Mifepristone C656 656 primitive C0026162 Mineral Inorganic Chemical mineral PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045787]]> Mineral PT NCI]]> NCI Any homogeneous inorganic material usually found in the earth's crust. (STED98)]]> Minerals SY NCI]]> Minerals NCI-GLOSS A nutrient required to maintain health.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)]]> Mineral C657 657 primitive Misonidazole Pharmacologic Substance C0026218 Organic Chemical Ro-7-0582 CN NCI]]> Ro 7-0582 SY DTP NSC0261037]]> Misonidazole PT NCI]]> RO 7-0582 SY DTP NSC0261037]]> RO 7-0582 Ro 7-0582 Ro-7-0582 CSP2002 1-(alpha-methoxymethyl ethanol)-2-nitroimidazole; trichimonicide and experimental mutagen and radiosensitizer, probably due to its ability to form DNA-attacking free radical under hypoxic conditions.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.]]> Misonidazole C658 658 primitive Plicamycin C0026234 Antibiotic Plicamycin PT NCI]]> A-2371 CN NCI]]> A-2371 SY DTP NSC0024559]]> Aureolic acid SY NCI]]> PA-144 SY DTP NSC0024559]]> Mithracin BR NCI]]> MTH AB NCI]]> Aureolic acid SY DTP NSC0024559]]> PA-144 CN NCI]]> Mithramycin MTH A-2371 Aureolic acid PA-144 MSH2002_06_01 A tricyclic pentaglycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces strains that inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by adhering to DNA. It is used as a fluorescent dye and as an antineoplastic agent, especially in bone and testicular tumors. Plicamycin is also used to reduce hypercalcemia, especially that due to malignancies.]]> Mithracine FB NCI]]> Mithracin SY DTP NSC0024559]]> Mithramycin SY NCI]]> Mithracine Mithracin Plicamycin C659 659 primitive C0026236 Pharmacologic Substance Mitobronitol Carbohydrate Myelobromol SY DTP NSC0094100]]> Myelobromol FB NCI]]> Mitobronitol SY DTP NSC0094100]]> Dibromomannitol SY NCI]]> Dibromomannitol SY DTP NSC0094100]]> Mitobronitol PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.]]> Dibromomannitol Mitobronitol Myelobromol Mitobronitol C660 660 primitive Mitogen C0026249 Biologically Active Substance Mitogen PT NCI]]> Mitogen OC CADSR]]> MTGN AB CADSR]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with lectins, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)]]> MTGN Mitogen C661 661 primitive C0026251 Pharmacologic Substance Mitoguazone Organic Chemical pyruvaldehyde bis(amidinohydrazone) SY NCI]]> 1,1'-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo)diguanidine SY NCI]]> 2,2"-(methyl-1,2-ethanediylidene)bis[hydrazinecarboximidamide] SY NCI]]> MGBG AB NCI]]> Methylglyoxal Bisguanylhydrazone SY NCI]]> Mitoguazone PT NCI]]> NSC-32946 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.]]> Zyrkamine methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) NSC-32946 Mitoguazone Dihydrochloride Methylglyoxal Bisguanylhydrazone Methyl-GAG Methyl GAG MGBG 2,2"-(methyl-1,2-ethanediylidene)bis[hydrazinecarboximidamide] 1,1'-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo)diguanidine pyruvaldehyde bis(amidinohydrazone) Zyrkamine FB NCI]]> methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) SY NCI]]> Mitoguazone Dihydrochloride SY NCI]]> Methyl-GAG FB NCI]]> Methyl GAG SY NCI]]> Methyl GAG SY DTP NSC0032946]]> Mitoguazone C662 662 primitive 104800 Pharmacologic Substance C0026252 Mitolactol Carbohydrate mitolactol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045191]]> CAS-10318-26-0 CN NCI]]> DBD AB NCI]]> Dibromdicil SY NCI]]> Elobromol SY DTP NSC0104800]]> Elobromol FB NCI]]> Dibromodulcitol SY NCI]]> DIBROMODULCITOL PT NCI]]> Mitolac FB NCI]]> 6-Dibromodideoxydulcitol Dibromodulcitol Mitolactol MSH2002_06_01 Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> Mitolactol SY DTP NSC0104800]]> 6-Dibromodulcitol SY NCI]]> 6-Dibromodideoxydulcitol SY NCI]]> Mitolactol PT NCI]]> Mitolac Elobromol Dibromdicil DIBROMODULCITOL DBD CAS-10318-26-0 6-Dibromodulcitol Mitolactol C663 663 primitive C0026254 Organic Chemical Mitomycin Antibiotic Antibiotic mitomycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045538]]> Mitomycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Mitomycins SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> Mitomycin Mitomycins MSH2002_06_01 A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.]]> Mitomycin Antibiotic C664 664 primitive Mitotane Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C0026256 o,p'-DDD SY DTP NSC0038721]]> o,p'-DDD AB NCI]]> o,p' - DDD AB NCI]]> mitotane PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045227]]> Mitotane PT NCI]]> Lysodren BR NCI]]> Khloditan SY NCI]]> DDDS SY DTP NSC0032025]]> Chlodithane SY NCI]]> 2, 4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane SY DTP NSC0038721]]> 2,2-Bis(2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane SY NCI]]> 2,4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane SY NCI]]> 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane SY NCI]]> CB 313 SY DTP NSC0038721]]> CB-313 CN NCI]]> Chloditan SY DTP NSC0038721]]> Chloditan SY NCI]]> Chlodithane SY DTP NSC0038721]]> Lysodren o,p'-DDD MSH2002_06_01 A derivative of the insecticide DDD that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug used in treating adrenocortical cancer and ACTH-producing pituitary tumors (Cushing's disease).]]> (o,p)-DDD SY DTP NSC0038721]]> 1, 1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane SY DTP NSC0038721]]> 1,1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane SY NCI]]> 1-Chloro-2-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene SY NCI]]> 2, 2-Bis(2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane SY DTP NSC0038721]]> 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane 2,4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane 2,2-Bis(2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane 2, 4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane 2, 2-Bis(2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane 1-Chloro-2-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene 1,1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane 1, 1-Dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (o,p)-DDD WR-13045 Ortho,para-DDD o,p' - DDD Mytotan Lisodren Khloditan Ethane, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro- DDDS DDD Chlodithane Chloditan CB-313 CB 313 DDD AB NCI]]> Ethane, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloro- SY DTP NSC0038721]]> Lisodren FB NCI]]> Lysodren SY DTP NSC0038721]]> Mytotan SY NCI]]> Ortho,para-DDD SY NCI]]> WR-13045 CN NCI]]> Mitotane C665 665 primitive 301739 C0026259 C2182 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Mitoxantrone Antibiotic mitoxantrone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045192]]> Dihydroxyanthracenedione SY NCI]]> Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Mitoxantrone Dihydrochloride SY NCI]]> Mitoxantrone SY DTP NSC0301739]]> Mitozantrone SY NCI]]> NSC-279836 CN NCI]]> 1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9, 10-anthroquinone SY NCI]]> DHAD AB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> Neotalem FB NCI]]> Pralifan FB NCI]]> Novantrone BR NCI]]> Onkotrone FB NCI]]> Dihydroxyanthracenedione Dihydrochloride SY NCI]]> DHAQ SY DTP NSC0279836]]> DHAQ AB NCI]]> DHAD SY DTP NSC0301739]]> NSC-279836 Neotalem Onkotrone Mitozantrone Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Mitoxantrone Dihydrochloride Dihydroxyanthracenedione Dihydrochloride Dihydroxyanthracenedione DHAQ DHAD CL 232315 1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9, 10-anthroquinone 1,3-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9, 10-anthracenedione Mitoxantroni Hydrochloridum Pralifan CSP2002 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-((2-hydroxyethyl) -amino) ethyl)amino) anthraquinone; cytotoxic compound with potentially therapeutic antitumor activity in breast cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.]]> Novantrone Mitroxone CL 232315 CN NCI]]> 1,3-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9, 10-anthracenedione SY NCI]]> Mitroxone FB NCI]]> Mitoxantroni Hydrochloridum SY NCI]]> Mitoxantrone PT NCI]]> Mitoxantrone C666 666 primitive Molybdenum Element, Ion, or Isotope C0026402 Molybdenum PT NCI]]> NCI A metallic essential trace element with atomic number of 42, and atomic weight of 95.94. Molybdenum (Mo) is a cofactor of various enzymes including xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.]]> Molybdenum C667 667 primitive C0026457 Pharmacologic Substance Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor PT NCI]]> MAO Inhibitors SY NCI]]> MAO Inhibitors MSH2002_06_01 A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)]]> Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor C668 668 primitive C0026523 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Mopidamol Rapenton BR NCI]]> 2,2',2",2"'-[(4-Piperidinopyrimido[5,4-d-]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]tetraethanol SY NCI]]> 2,2',2",2"'-[[4-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl]dinitrilo]tetrakisethanol SY NCI]]> 2,6-Bis(diethanolamino)-4-piperidino-pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine SY NCI]]> Rapenton 2,2',2",2"'-[(4-Piperidinopyrimido[5,4-d-]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]tetraethanol 2,6-Bis(diethanolamino)-4-piperidino-pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine 2,2',2",2"'-[[4-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl]dinitrilo]tetrakisethanol RA-233 MSH2002_06_01 A phosphodiesterase inhibitor which inhibits platelet aggregation. Formerly used as an antineoplastic.]]> RA-233 CN NCI]]> Mopidamol PT NCI]]> Mopidamol C669 669 primitive Morphine Pharmacologic Substance C0026549 Organic Chemical morphine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045400]]> Infumorph BR NCI]]> Kadian BR NCI]]> MORPHINE SY DTP NSC0011411]]> MS Contin BR NCI]]> Roxanol BR NCI]]> NCI A controlled-release morphine product for severe cancer pain]]> NCI-GLOSS A narcotic drug used in the treatment of pain.]]> MS Contin Oramorph SR Oramorph Roxanol MSir Kadian Infumorph Statex SR MSH2002_06_01 The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.]]> Statex SR BR NCI]]> MSir BR NCI]]> Morphine PT NCI]]> Oramorph SR BR NCI]]> Oramorph BR NCI]]> Morphine C670 670 primitive C0026651 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Moxalactam Moxam BR NCI]]> Latamoxef SY NCI]]> Ly 127935 CN NCI]]> Moxalactam PT NCI]]> Ly 127935 Latamoxef Moxam MSH2002_06_01 Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.]]> Moxalactam C671 671 primitive Bischloroethylsulfide Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0026874 Bischloroethylsulfide PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).]]> Bischloroethylsulfide C672 672 primitive Mutagen C0026879 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Mutagen PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.]]> Mutagen C673 673 primitive C0026933 Organic Chemical Mycophenolic Acid Antibiotic Mycophenolic Acid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)]]> Mycophenolic Acid C674 674 primitive Mycotoxin Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0026955 Biologically Active Substance Mycotoxin PT NCI]]> Fungal Toxin SY NCI]]> NCI Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites of low molecular weight produced by naturally occurring fungi. Mycotoxins are neither infectious nor contagious, but can occur on a herd-wide basis.]]> Fungal Toxin MSH2002_06_01 Toxic compounds produced by fungi (mushrooms).]]> Mycotoxin C675 675 primitive C0027270 Biologically Active Substance NAD Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide NAD PT NCI]]> NAD+ SY DTP NSC0020272]]> NAD+ NCI Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, a coenzyme, found in eukaryotic cells and is involved in many enzymatic reactions and the production of energy through redox reactions.]]> NAD C676 676 primitive NADP Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance C0027303 NADP PT NCI]]> NCI Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, an oxidation-reduction coenzyme, found in eukaryotic cells and is involved in many enzymatic reactions.]]> NADP C677 677 primitive Nafoxidine Organic Chemical C0027328 Pharmacologic Substance Nafoxidine PT NCI]]> NFX AB NCI]]> NFX MSH2002_06_01 An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.]]> Nafoxidine C678 678 primitive C0027358 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Naloxone naloxone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045228]]> Narcan SY DTP NSC0070413]]> Narcan BR NCI]]> Naloxone SY DTP NSC0070413]]> MSH2002_06_01 A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.]]> (-)-Naloxone Naloxone Narcan NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a treatment for constipation caused by narcotic medications. It belongs to the family of drugs called narcotic antagonists.]]> Naloxone PT NCI]]> (-)-Naloxone SY DTP NSC0070413]]> Naloxone C679 679 primitive Naltrexone Organic Chemical C0027360 Pharmacologic Substance Revia BR NCI]]> Naltrexone PT NCI]]> Revia MSH2002_06_01 Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.]]> Naltrexone C680 680 primitive C0027396 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Naproxen Naproxen PT NCI]]> Naprosyn BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.]]> Naprosyn CSP2002 6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID); acts by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and thus prostaglandin synthesis; tocolytic oxytocin antagonist.]]> Naproxen C681 681 primitive C0027410 Pharmacologic Substance Opiate Antagonist Opioid Antagonist SY NCI]]> Narcotic Antagonist SY NCI]]> Opiate Antagonist PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.]]> Narcotic Antagonist Opioid Antagonist CSP2002 class of drugs used to treat opiate drug addiction.]]> Opiate Antagonist C682 682 primitive C0027597 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic Zinostatin Zinostatin PT NCI]]> Vinostatin SY NCI]]> NSC-69856 CN NCI]]> Neocarzinostatin SY NCI]]> Vinostatin MSH2002_06_01 An antitumor isolate from the culture filtrate of the F-41 variant of Streptomyces carzinostaticus. It is a protein of known amino acid sequence with a molecular weight of approximately 11,500 and possessing a regulatory function on the metabolism of DNA. In this process, that is first an inhibition of DNA biosynthesis followed by the degradation of DNA, zinostatin functions in a manner analogous to that of the much higher molecular weight antibiotic MITOMYCIN. Zinostatin is also a potent cytostatic agent active against gram-positive organisms.]]> NCI An antitumor isolate from the culture filtrate of the F-41 variant of Streptomyces carzinostaticus. It is a protein of known amino acid sequence with a molecular weight of approximately 11,500 and possessing a regulatory function on the metabolism of DNA. In this process, that is first an inhibition of DNA biosynthesis followed by the degradation of DNA, zinostatin functions in a manner analogous to that of the much higher molecular weight antibiotic MITOMYCIN C. Zinostatin is also a potent cytostatic agent active against gram-positive organisms. (MSH98)]]> Neocarzinostatin SY DTP NSC0069856]]> Neocarzinostatin NSC-69856 Zinostatin C683 683 primitive C0027603 Carbohydrate Neomycin Antibiotic Neomycin PT NCI]]> NCI Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C. It acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C. It acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis.]]> Neomycin C684 684 primitive Nerve Growth Factors (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0027752 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Nerve Growth Factors (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Nerve Growth Factor SY NCI]]> NCI Nerve growth factor. A peptide of 118 amino acids with both chemotropic and chemotrophic properties for sympathetic and sensory neurons. Found in a variety of peripheral tissues, NGF attracts neurites to the tissues by chemotropism, where they form synapses. NGF was the first of a family of nerve tropic factors to be discovered.]]> CSP2002 first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons; comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits; beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.]]> NGF (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.]]> NGF (therapeutic) Nerve Growth Factor Nerve Growth Factors (Therapeutic) C685 685 primitive C0027893 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Neuropeptide Y Neuropeptide Y PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.]]> Neuropeptide Y C686 686 primitive C0027895 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Neuropeptide Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein neuropeptide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044064]]> Neuropeptide PT NCI]]> NCI Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells. (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS A member of a class of protein-like molecules made in the brain. Neuropeptides consist of short chains of amino acids, with some functioning as neurotransmitters and some functioning as hormones.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.]]> Neuropeptide C687 687 primitive C0027908 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter PT NCI]]> NCI Endogenous signaling molecules that alter the behavior of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act through second messenger systems, and those that act at a distance from their site of release. Included are neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not acting at synapses.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Endogenous signaling molecules secreted by neurons that alter the behavior of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act through second messenger systems, and those that act at a distance from their site of release. Included are neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, neurohormones, and neurohumors, whether or not acting at synapses.]]> Neurotransmitter C688 688 primitive C0027934 Neurotoxin Hazardous or Poisonous Substance neurotoxin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044065]]> Neurotoxin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that is poisonous to nerve tissue.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. Most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept.]]> Neurotoxin C689 689 primitive Niacin Vitamin C0027996 Organic Chemical Vitamin B3 SY NCI]]> Vitamin B3 SY DTP NSC0027452]]> Niacin SY DTP NSC0169454]]> Niacin PT NCI]]> CSP2002 nicotinic acid (3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) and its derivatives; a water soluble B vitamin which is the precursor of NAD and NADP.]]> Vitamin B3 Niacin Nicotinic Acid Nicotinic acid MSH2002_06_01 A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.]]> NCI Water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. Required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. Has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.]]> Nicotinic acid SY DTP NSC0015010]]> Nicotinic Acid SY NCI]]> Niacin C690 690 primitive C0028013 Nickel Element, Ion, or Isotope Nickel PT NCI]]> NCI Nickel (Ni). A metallic bioelement, atomic no. 28, atomic wt. 58.6934, closely resembling cobalt and often associated with it. Protects ribosome structure against heat denaturation. A deficiency of nickel causes changes in the ultrastructure of the liver. (STED98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Nickel. A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme urease.]]> Nickel C691 691 primitive Nicotine Pharmacologic Substance C0028040 C2812 Organic Chemical Nicotine PT NCI]]> (-)-Nicotine SY DTP NSC0005065]]> NICOTINE SY DTP NSC0005065]]> MSH2002_06_01 Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.]]> (-)-Nicotine (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Smoking Cessation Nicotine C692 692 primitive C0028094 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Nimodipine nimodipine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045346]]> Nimodipine PT NCI]]> Nimotop BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Belongs to a family of drugs called calcium channel blockers. It is being investigated for use with anticancer drugs to prevent or overcome drug resistance and improve response to chemotherapy.]]> Nimotop CSP2002 1,4 dihydropyridine; centrally acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including drug withdrawal, AIDS motor/cognitive disorder, and post cardiac surgery recovery.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.]]> Nimodipine C693 693 primitive C0028096 Pharmacologic Substance Nimustine Organic Chemical Pimustine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Nimustine PT NCI]]> NSC-245382 CN NCI]]> Nimustine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Nidran FB NCI]]> Nimustine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0245382]]> ACNU AB NCI]]> ACNU SY DTP NSC0245382]]> Pimustine Hydrochloride Nimustine Hydrochloride N'-[4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea NSC-245382 Nidran Nimustine hydrochloride ACNU 50 ACNU MSH2002_06_01 Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.]]> ACNU 50 BR NCI]]> N'-[4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> Nimustine C694 694 primitive Nitracrine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0028120 Nitracrine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Acridine antineoplastic agent used in mammary and ovarian tumors. It inhibits RNA synthesis.]]> Nitracrine C695 695 primitive C0028128 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Nitric Oxide Inorganic Chemical Nitric Oxide PT NCI]]> Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells. It is synthesized from arginine by a complex reaction, catalyzed by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is released by the vascular endothelium and mediates the relaxation induced by some vasodilators such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic guanylate cyclase and thus elevates intracellular levels of cyclic GMP.]]> CSP2002 NO; originally found as an intercellular messenger molecule in vascular smooth muscle, where it has a relaxant, vasodilatory effect; formed by oxidation of arginine with citrulline as side product; in nervous tissue, may be part of glutamate-calcium-cGMP signal transduction system.]]> NCI nitric oxide (NO). A colorless, free-radical gas; it reacts rapidly with O2 to form other nitrogen oxides (e.g., NO2, N2O3, and N2O4) and ultimately is converted to nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-); physiologically, it is a naturally occurring vasodilator (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) derived from l-arginine in endothelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, etc. A gaseous mediator of cell-to-cell communication formed in bone, brain, endothelium, granulocytes, pancreatic beta -cells and peripheral nerves by a constitutive nitric oxide synthase. In hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle it is formed by an inducible nitric oxide synthase (e.g., induced by endotoxin). NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase. In endothelial cells it is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF); it mediates penile erection, and may be the first known retrograde neurotransmitter. (from STED98)]]> Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor Nitric Oxide C696 696 primitive C0028131 Nitriles Organic Chemical Nitriles PT NCI]]> NCI Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.]]> Nitriles C697 697 primitive Nitrogen Mustard Compound Pharmacologic Substance C0028165 Nitrogen Mustard Compound PT NCI]]> NCI A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens.]]> Nitrogen Mustard Compound C698 698 primitive Nitrosamines Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0028197 Organic Chemical Nitrosamines PT RAEB-2]]> Nitrosamines PT NCI]]> Nitrosamine SY DTP NSC0223080]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.]]> Nitrosamine Nitrosamines RAEB-2 RAEB: A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. (MSH98)]]> Nitrosamines C699 699 primitive C0028210 Nitrosourea Compound Chemical Viewed Structurally nitrosoureas PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046062]]> Nitrosourea Compound PT NCI]]> Nitrosourea Compounds SY NCI]]> NCI A group of anticancer drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU) are nitrosoureas.]]> Nitrosourea Compounds Nitrosoureas NCI-GLOSS (nye-TRO-so-yoo-REE-ahz) A group of anticancer drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Carmustine and lomustine are nitrosoureas.]]> Nitrosourea Compound C700 700 primitive Nogalamycin Antibiotic C0028261 Organic Chemical [2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta,6alpha,11beta,13alpha,14alpha]-11-[(6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-4(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6,9,11,12,13,14,16-decahydro-3,5,8,10,13-pentahydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-9,16-dioxo-2,6-epoxy-2H-naphthaceno[1,2-b]oxocin-14-carboxylic acid methyl ester SY NCI]]> U-15167 CN NCI]]> U 15167 SY DTP NSC0070845]]> NSC 70845 SY DTP NSC0070845]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antibiotic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.]]> Nogalamycin PT NCI]]> NSC-70845 CN NCI]]> NOGALAMYCIN SY DTP NSC0070845]]> [2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta,6alpha,11beta,13alpha,14alpha]-11-[(6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-4(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6,9,11,12,13,14,16-decahydro-3,5,8,10,13-pentahydroxy-6,13-dimethyl-9,16-dioxo-2,6-epoxy-2H-naphthaceno[1,2-b]oxocin-14-carboxylic acid methyl ester U 15167 NSC-70845 U-15167 NSC 70845 NOGALAMYCIN Nogalamycin C701 701 primitive C0028347 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Nordihydroguaiaretic acid SY DTP NSC0004291]]> NDGA SY DTP NSC0004291]]> Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid PT NCI]]> NDGA AB NCI]]> NDGA Nordihydroguaiaretic acid MSH2002_06_01 A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.]]> Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid C702 702 primitive Norethindrone Steroid C0028356 Pharmacologic Substance Norlutin SY DTP NSC0009564]]> Norlutin BR NCI]]> Norethisterone SY DTP NSC0009564]]> Norlutate BR NCI]]> Norethisterone SY NCI]]> Norethisterone acetate SY DTP NSC0022844]]> Norethisterone Acetate SY NCI]]> Micronor BR NCI]]> Nor-Q.D. BR NCI]]> Nor-Q.D. Micronor Norethindrone Norlutin MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.]]> Norethindrone SY DTP NSC0009564]]> Norethindrone acetate SY DTP NSC0022844]]> Norethindrone Acetate SY NCI]]> Nor-Q.D. SY DTP NSC0009564]]> Norethisterone acetate Norethindrone acetate Norethisterone Norethisterone Acetate Norlutate Norethindrone Acetate Micronor SY DTP NSC0009564]]> Norethindrone PT NCI]]> Norethindrone C703 703 primitive Norgestrel Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C0028368 Neogest BR NCI]]> Ovrette BR NCI]]> Norgestrel PT NCI]]> Wy-3707 CN NCI]]> (17Alpha)-13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one SY NCI]]> Neogest (17Alpha)-13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one Ovrette Wy-3707 MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive,ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.]]> Norgestrel C704 704 primitive C0028420 Pharmacologic Substance Nortriptyline Organic Chemical Nortriptyline PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A metabolite of AMITRYPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.]]> Nortriptyline C705 705 primitive C0028458 Antibiotic Carbohydrate Novobiocin novobiocin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045185]]> Novobiocin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)]]> NOVOBIOCIN SY DTP NSC0002382]]> Novobiocin C706 706 primitive Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0028606 Nucleic Acids PT NCI]]> Nucleic Acid SY NCI]]> CSP2002 naturally occurring polynucleotides; DNA or RNA.]]> Nucleic Acid MSH2002_06_01 High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.]]> NCI A family of macromolecules, of molecular masses ranging upward from 25,000, found in the chromosomes, nucleoli, mitochondria, and cytoplasm of all cells, and in viruses; in complexes with proteins, they are called nucleoproteins. On hydrolysis they yield purines, pyrimidines, phosphoric acid, and a pentose, either d-ribose or d-deoxyribose; from the last, the nucleic acids derive their more specific names, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acids are linear (i.e., unbranched) chains of nucleotides in which the 5-phosphoric group of each one is esterified with the 3-hydroxyl of the adjoining nucleotide. (STED98)]]> Nucleic Acids C707 707 primitive Nucleoside Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0028621 Nucleoside PT NCI]]> NCI The constituent purine or pyrimidine bases of DNA or RNA with their corresponding deoxyribose or ribose sugars.]]> CSP2002 condensation product of a nucleobase plus a sugar; e.g., adenosine = adenineD-ribose.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King and Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)]]> Nucleoside C708 708 primitive C0028622 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides Classification Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides PT NCI]]> NCI Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).]]> MSH2002_06_01 Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).]]> Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides C709 709 primitive Nucleotides Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0028630 Nucleotides PT NCI]]> NCI The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King and Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)]]> MSH2002_06_01 The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King and Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)]]> CSP2002 nucleoside phosphates, the building blocks of nucleic acids.]]> Nucleotides C710 710 primitive C0028741 Pharmacologic Substance Nystatin Organic Chemical Antibiotic nystatin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045229]]> Nystatin SY DTP NSC0150817]]> NYSTATIN SY DTP NSC0150817]]> Mycostatin BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that treats infections caused by fungi.]]> Nystex Mycostatin MSH2002_06_01 Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.]]> mycostatin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046064]]> Nystex FB NCI]]> Nystatin PT NCI]]> Nystatin C711 711 primitive C0028833 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Octreotide octreotide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045141]]> Sandostatina FB NCI]]> Sandostatin BR NCI]]> Samilstin FB NCI]]> Sandostatine FB NCI]]> Octreotide PT NCI]]> Longastatin SY NCI]]> D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenyl-alanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-L-cysteinamide Cyclic (2-7)-Disulfide SY NCI]]> Octreotide acetate SY DTP NSC0671663]]> D-Phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenyl-alanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-L-cysteinamide Cyclic (2-7)-Disulfide Longastatina SMS 201-995 Sandostatin Lar Depot MSH2002_06_01 A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of growth hormone (SOMATOTROPIN) and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors, DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia, and small bowel fistula.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug similar to the naturally occurring growth hormone inhibitor somatostatin. Octreotide is used to treat diarrhea and flushing associated with certain types of tumors.]]> Sandostatin SY DTP NSC0672461]]> Sandostatin Lar Depot BR NCI]]> SMS 201-995 CN NCI]]> Sandostatin Samilstin Octreotide Acetate Sandostatine Sandostatina Longastatin 1,2-Dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloeicosane Cyclic Peptide Deriv Longastatina FB NCI]]> 1,2-Dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloeicosane Cyclic Peptide Deriv SY NCI]]> Octreotide Acetate SY NCI]]> Octreotide C712 712 primitive Ofloxacin Pharmacologic Substance C0028902 Carbohydrate ofloxacin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045567]]> Ofloxacin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called quinolone antibiotics.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.]]> Ofloxacin C713 713 primitive C0028953 Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Oligonucleotide Oligonucleotide PT NCI]]> Oligo SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)]]> NCI Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides.]]> Oligo Oligonucleotide C714 714 primitive Oligosaccharide Carbohydrate C0028959 Oligosaccharide PT NCI]]> NCI A compound made up of the condensation of a small number of monosaccharide units. sy. polysaccharide. (from STED98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.]]> Oligosaccharides Oligosaccharide C715 715 primitive C0028967 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Olivomycin Antibiotic Olivomycins SY NCI]]> Olivomycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.]]> OLIVOMYCIN SY DTP NSC0076411]]> OLIVOMYCIN Olivomycins Olivomycin Antibiotic C716 716 primitive C0028978 Pharmacologic Substance Omeprazole Organic Chemical omeprazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045450]]> Prilosec BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that inhibits gastric acid secretion.]]> Omeprazole PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of gastric ulcers and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The drug inhibits the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE) in a pH-dependent manner. This ATPase is considered the proton pump in the secretory membrane of the parietal cell.]]> Prilosec Omeprazole C717 717 primitive C0029020 Biologically Active Substance Virus Oncolytic Virus Oncolytic Virus PT NCI]]> NCI Manipulated or engineered viruses having oncolytic properties to selectively replicate in and kill targeted cancer cells, leaving normal cells unharmed.]]> Oncolytic Virus C718 718 primitive Organic Chemical Organic Chemical C0029224 Organic Chemical PT NCI]]> NCI A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.]]> Organic Chemical C719 719 primitive Organometallic Compound Chemical Viewed Functionally Organic Chemical C0029252 Organometallic Compound PT NCI]]> NCI A class of metal-containing organic compounds, where a C atom is joined directly to the metal.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Organometallic Compound C720 720 primitive Oxacillin Organic Chemical C0029983 Antibiotic Oxacillin SY DTP NSC0527712]]> Oxacillin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic similar to flucloxacillin used in resistant staphylococci infections.]]> Oxacillin Oxacillin C721 721 primitive C0030049 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance OxyContin OxyContin PT NCI]]> NCI OxyContin's active ingredient is oxycodone, a morphine-like substance that is also found in drugs like Percodan and Tylox. OxyContin Tablets are administered chronically to patients with cancer-related pain in a usual clinical setting.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE that acts as a narcotic analgesic more potent and addicting than codeine.]]> OxyContin C722 722 primitive C0030054 Pharmacologic Substance Oxygen Element, Ion, or Isotope Oxygen PT NCI]]> NCI One of the components of air (21%), with atomic symbol O, when combines with hydrogen it forms H2O - water.]]> CSP2002 use this term only for elemental or gaseous oxygen (02); for other compounds see OXYGEN COMPOUND.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight 16. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.]]> Oxygen C723 723 primitive Oxymetholone Pharmacologic Substance Steroid C0030072 Synasteron FB NCI]]> Adroyd FB NCI]]> Anadrol-50 Anapolon SY NCI]]> Anadrol BR NCI]]> HMDS SY DTP NSC0093895]]> HMD AB NCI]]> Plenastril FB NCI]]> Synasteron Adroyd Plenastril Hemogenin HMDS HMD CL-406 Anapolon Anadrol-50 Anapolon Anadrol Oxitosona MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Oxymetholone PT NCI]]> CL-406 CN NCI]]> Hemogenin FB NCI]]> Oxitosona FB NCI]]> Anapolon FB NCI]]> Oxymetholone C724 724 primitive C0030095 Pharmacologic Substance Oxytocin (Therapeutic) Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Oxytocin SY NCI]]> Oxytocin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Oxytocin MSH2002_06_01 A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation.]]> Oxytocin (Therapeutic) C725 725 primitive Pancreatic Polypeptide Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone C0030298 Pancreatic Polypeptide PT NCI]]> Interacinar Cell Pancreatic Polypeptide SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A 36-amino acid polypeptide with physiological regulatory functions. It is secreted by pancreatic tissue. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide increases after ingestion of food, with age, and in disease states. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide in the islets of Langerhans has been associated with the obese syndrome in rats and mice.]]> Interacinar Cell Pancreatic Polypeptide Pancreatic Polypeptide C726 726 primitive C0030350 Pharmacologic Substance Papaverine Organic Chemical Vasal SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Vasal FB NCI]]> Unicelles FB NCI]]> Pavatym BR NCI]]> Unicelles SY DTP NSC0027517]]> Pavacap SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Pavacap FB NCI]]> Pavabid SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Cerebid SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Vasal MSH2002_06_01 An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.]]> Pavabid BR NCI]]> Papaverine SY DTP NSC0136630]]> Papaverine PT NCI]]> Papaverine HCl SY NCI]]> PAPAVERINE SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Cerespan SY DTP NSC0035443]]> Cerespan BR NCI]]> Unicelles Pavacap Pavabid Papaverine HCl Papaverine PAPAVERINE Cerespan Cerebid Pavatym Cerebid FB NCI]]> Papaverine C727 727 primitive Paraffin C0030415 Lipid Paraffin MQ CADSR]]> PARFF AB CADSR]]> PARFF MSH2002_06_01 A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.]]> Paraffin C728 728 primitive C0030771 Pharmacologic Substance Pefloxacin Carbohydrate Pefloxacin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.]]> Pefloxacin C729 729 primitive Penicillamine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance C0030817 Cupripen FB NCI]]> Cuprimine SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Cuprenil SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Beta-thiovaline SY NCI]]> Atamir FB NCI]]> Cuprimine BR NCI]]> Cuprenil BR NCI]]> Beta,Beta-dimethylcysteine SY NCI]]> .beta.,.beta.-Dimethylcysteine SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Kelatin FB NCI]]> Mercaptyl SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Metalcaptase SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Penicillamine PT NCI]]> Trolovol FB NCI]]> Trolovol SY DTP NSC0081549]]> penicillamine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045510]]> Alpha-amino-beta-methyl-beta-mercaptobutyric Acid SY NCI]]> 3-Mercapto-D-valine SY NCI]]> Perdolat SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Perdolat BR NCI]]> Pendramine FB NCI]]> Metalcaptase FB NCI]]> Mercaptyl FB NCI]]> Distamine SY DTP NSC0081549]]> Depen BR NCI]]> Depamine SY NCI]]> Distamine FB NCI]]> Pendramine Mercaptyl Distamine .beta.,.beta.-Dimethylcysteine Depamine Cupripen Cuprimine Cuprenil Beta-thiovaline Beta,Beta-dimethylcysteine Atamir Alpha-amino-beta-methyl-beta-mercaptobutyric Acid 3-Mercapto-D-valine Depen Kelatin Metalcaptase Perdolat Sufortan Trolovol MSH2002_06_01 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.]]> NCI beta dimethyl analog of cysteine (from CSP98)]]> CSP2002 beta dimethyl analog of cysteine; USP lists as a chelating agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that removes copper from the body and is used to treat diseases in which there is an excess of this metal. It is also being studied as a possible angiogenesis inhibitor in brain tumors.]]> Sufortan BR NCI]]> Penicillamine C730 730 primitive Penicillin V Organic Chemical C0030840 Antibiotic Penicillin V PT NCI]]> Pen-Vee BR NCI]]> Pen-Vee MSH2002_06_01 A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.]]> Penicillin V C731 731 primitive 9921 620107 C0030863 Pharmacologic Substance C2450 C842 Organic Chemical Pentamidine Antibiotic Pentamidine SY DTP NSC0009921]]> Pentamidine PT NCI]]> AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE PT NCI]]> PENTAMIDINE PT NCI]]> Pentamidine PENTAMIDINE Pentacarinat AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE CSP2002 4,4-diamidino-alpha,omega-dephenoxypentane (HCl); effective against Pneumocystis carinii, a cause of AIDS related pneumonia.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.]]> Pentacarinat FB NCI]]> Pentamidine C732 732 primitive Pentostatin Antibiotic Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0030896 218321 pentostatin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045190]]> Pentostatine SY NCI]]> Nipent BR NCI]]> PD-81565 CN NCI]]> Pentostatin PT NCI]]> Deoxycoformycin SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxycoformycin SY DTP NSC0247520]]> CI-825 CN NCI]]> Co-vidarabine SY DTP NSC0247520]]> Pentostatine MSH2002_06_01 A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.]]> CSP2002 adenine nucleotide analog which inhibits adenine deaminase, used as an immunosuppressant to augment antineoplastics.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NSC 218321 SY DTP NSC0247520]]> (R)-3-(2-Deoxy-.beta.-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7, 8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol SY DTP NSC0247520]]> DCF AB NCI]]> Covidarabine SY NCI]]> Covidarabine SY DTP NSC0218321]]> NSC 218321 DCF Covidarabine Co-Vidarabine CI-825 2'-Deoxycoformycin (R)-3-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (R)-3-(2-Deoxy-.beta.-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7, 8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Deoxycoformycin Nipent NSC-218321 PD-81565 Co-Vidarabine SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxycoformycin SY NCI]]> (R)-3-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol SY NCI]]> NSC-218321 CN NCI]]> PENTOSTATIN SY DTP NSC0247520]]> Pentostatin C733 733 primitive Pentoxifylline Pharmacologic Substance C0030899 Organic Chemical pentoxifylline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045369]]> Pentoxifylline PT NCI]]> Trental BR NCI]]> Oxpentifylline SY NCI]]> CSP2002 metabolite of pentifylline (a preparation of theobromine and hexyl halide); used as a vasodilator.]]> Oxpentifylline Trental MSH2002_06_01 A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to prevent blood clotting and as a treatment that may help decrease weight loss in people with cancer.]]> Pentoxifylline C734 734 primitive C0030927 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Peptichemio peptide bound m-L-sarcolysine SY NCI]]> Multialchilpeptide SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A mixture of six synthetic oligopeptides, each containing MELPHALAN. It is used as a broad-spectrum antineoplastic due to its alkylating and antimetabolic actions but, is toxic to bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and vasculature.]]> Peptichemio PT NCI]]> peptide bound m-L-sarcolysine Multialchilpeptide Peptichemio C735 735 primitive Peptide Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0030956 peptide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045823]]> Peptide PT NCI]]> NCI Organic compound composed of amino acids linked together chemically by peptide bonds. The peptide bond always involves a single covalent link between the alpha -carboxyl (oxygen-bearing carbon) of one amino acid and the amino nitrogen of a second amino acid.]]> NCI-GLOSS Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Any member of a class of compounds of low molecular weight which yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis. Formed by loss of water from the NH2 and COOH groups of adjacent amino acids, they are known as di-, tri-, tetra- (etc.) peptides, depending on the number of amino acids in the molecule. Peptides form the constituent parts of proteins. (Dorland, 27th ed)]]> CSP2002 chemical bond with the structure -CO-CHR-NH-; in biochemistry, polymers of alpha-aminoacids joined by peptide bonds.]]> Peptide C736 736 primitive Pertussis Toxin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0031236 Pertussis Toxin PT NCI]]> NCI Any of various biologically active proteins or toxins elaborated by Bordetella pertussis that cause the symptoms of whooping cough. Some activate pancreatic islets, others inhibit the adenylate cyclase cascade and some cause lymphocytosis.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Any of various biologically active proteins or toxins elaborated by Bordetella pertussis that cause the symptoms of whooping cough. Some activate pancreatic islets, others inhibit the adenylate cyclase cascade and some cause lymphocytosis.]]> Pertussis Toxin C737 737 primitive C0031253 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Pesticide Pesticides SY RAEB-2]]> Pesticide PT NCI]]> NCI General term for an agent that destroys fungi, insects, rodents, or any other pest. RAEB: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL), INSECTICIDES, RODENTICIDES, etc. (MSH99)]]> Pesticides MSH2002_06_01 Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.]]> Pesticide C738 738 primitive C0031381 Phencyclidine Organic Chemical Phencyclidine PT NCI]]> PCP AB NCI]]> NCI phencyclidine (PCP). 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine; a substance of abuse, used for its hallucinogenic properties, which can produce profound psychological and behavioral disturbances; the hydrochloride has analgesic and anesthetic properties. (STED98)]]> NCI 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine. A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic and briefly as a general anesthetic in man. The range of subjective effects reported for this drug is particularly broad. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). It probably also interacts with sigma receptors, and may inhibit uptake of catecholamines, but the mechanisms of its psychological effects is not well understood. As a drug of abuse, it is also known as PCP and Angel Dust. (MSH98)]]> PCP MSH2002_06_01 A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.]]> CSP2002 this drug is both a legitimate prescription anesthetic and a notoriously abused street drug also known as "angel dust."]]> Phencyclidine C739 739 primitive C0031412 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Phenobarbital phenobarbital PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045470]]> Phenobarbital PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.]]> NCI-GLOSS A sedative/anticonvulsant barbiturate that has been used to treat diarrhea and to increase the antitumor effect of other therapies.]]> Phenobarbital C740 740 primitive Phenothiazine Organic Chemical C0031434 Pharmacologic Substance Phenothiazine PT NCI]]> CSP2002 3-ring structure of two benzene rings joined by a sulfur and a nitrogen atom; an important class of antipsychotic and other drugs which act by disrupting monoamine transmitter systems.]]> Phenothiazine C741 741 primitive Phenytoin Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0031507 Phenytoin PT NCI]]> Dilantin BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.]]> Dilantin SY DTP NSC0008722]]> Dilantin Phenytoin C742 742 primitive C0031586 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Phorbol Ester Organic Chemical Phorbol Ester PT NCI]]> NCI Tumor-promoting compounds obtained from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium). Some of these are used in cell biological experiments as activators of protein kinase C. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Tumor-promoting compounds obtained from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium). Some of these are used in cell biological experiments as activators of protein kinase C.]]> Phorbol Ester C743 743 primitive Phosphatidylinositol Lipid Biologically Active Substance C0031621 Phosphatidylinositol PT NCI]]> NCI Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.]]> Phosphatidylinositol C744 744 primitive C0031638 Pharmacologic Substance Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.]]> Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor C745 745 primitive OK-432 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0031875 Picibanil SY DTP NSC0402815]]> OK-432 PT NCI]]> Picibanil FB NCI]]> Picibanil MSH2002_06_01 A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.]]> OK-432 C746 746 primitive Picoline Compound Chemical Viewed Structurally C0031884 Picoline SY DTP NSC0003409]]> Picoline Compound PT NCI]]> Picoline NCI A group of isomeric compounds that are monomethyl derivatives of pyridines derived from coal tar, horse urine, and bone oil. Current use: industrial and pharmaceutical solvents.]]> Picoline Compound C747 747 primitive C0031916 Pigment Chemical Viewed Functionally pigment PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046225]]> Pigment PT NCI]]> NCI pigment. 1. Any coloring matter, as that of the red blood cells, hair, iris, etc., or the stains used in histologic or bacteriologic work, or that in paints. 2. A medicinal preparation for external use, applied to the skin like paint.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in plants, animals, or micro-organisms.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that gives color to tissue. Pigments are responsible for the color of skin, eyes, and hair.]]> Pigment C748 748 primitive Pilocarpine Pharmacologic Substance C0031923 Organic Chemical pilocarpine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045573]]> Pilocarpine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to increase salivation in people who have dry mouth caused by opioids or radiation therapy. Pilocarpine belongs to the family of drugs called alkaloids.]]> Pilocarpine C749 749 primitive C0031955 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Piperacillin T-1220 CN NCI]]> CL 227, 193 CN NCI]]> Pipracil BR NCI]]> Piperacillin PT NCI]]> CL 227, 193 Pipracil T-1220 MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, ampicillin-derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for Pseudomonas infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.]]> Piperacillin C750 750 primitive Pipobroman Pharmacologic Substance C0031965 Organic Chemical Vercyte SY DTP NSC0025154]]> Vercyte BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.]]> Vercyte Pipobroman PT NCI]]> Pipobroman C751 751 primitive C0031990 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Piroxicam Piroxicam SY DTP NSC0666076]]> Feldene BR NCI]]> Piroxicam PT NCI]]> Piroxicam CSP2002 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-1,2- benzothiazine-3-carboxamide- 1,1-dioxide; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) which functions by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; effective against colon cancer.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.]]> Feldene Piroxicam C752 752 primitive C0032015 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone Pituitary Hormone Pituitary Hormone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland and the pars intermedia, an ill-defined region between the two. Their secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus.]]> Pituitary Hormone C753 753 primitive Placebo Pharmacologic Substance C0032042 sham therapy PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045078]]> PBO AB CADSR]]> Placebo PT NCI]]> Placebo OC CADSR]]> placebo PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046688]]> NCI-GLOSS An inactive substance that looks the same as, and is administered in the same way as, a drug in a clinical trial.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.]]> PBO CSP2002 pills, injections, or treatments missing the active component of interest, administered to experimental control groups to correct for nonspecific effects.]]> NCI-GLOSS An inactive treatment or procedure that is intended to mimic as closely as possible a therapy in a clinical trial. Also called placebo therapy.]]> Placebo C754 754 primitive Plasmids Biologically Active Substance C0032136 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Plasmids PT NCI]]> NCI Any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant. Plasmids are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA that are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant. Plasmids are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA that are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species.]]> CSP2002 double-strand, closed DNA molecules found in cytoplasm of a variety of bacterial species that generally confer some evolutionary advantage to the host cells.]]> Plasmids C755 755 primitive C0032200 Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Platlet-Derived Growth Factor (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein rPDGF AB NCI]]> Platlet-Derived Growth Factor SY NCI]]> Platlet-Derived Growth Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A cationic glycoprotein growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets that is mitogenic for cells at the site of a wound. It consists of homologous polypeptides A and B (~30 kD) linked by disulphide bonds. The B chain is almost identical in sequence to p28sis, the transforming protein of simian sarcoma virus. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues and causes endothelial proliferation. Mesenchymal connective tissue cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells near a traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication. (MSH98)]]> Platlet-Derived Growth Factor rPDGF MSH2002_06_01 Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.]]> Platlet-Derived Growth Factor (Therapeutic) C756 756 primitive C0032207 Platinum Element, Ion, or Isotope platinum PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045841]]> Platinum PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A metal that is an important component of some anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin.]]> NCI A metal with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, and symbol Pt and is an important component of some anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin.]]> Platinum C757 757 primitive Poly AU Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance C0032402 Polyadenylic Polyuridylic Acid SY NCI]]> Poly AU PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.]]> Polyadenylic Polyuridylic Acid Poly AU C758 758 primitive Poly IC Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0032414 Pharmacologic Substance polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid SY NCI]]> Poly C poly I SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly IC PT NCI]]> Poly I:poly C SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly(I).poly(C) SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly(rI).poly(rC) SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid SY DTP NSC0128576]]> poly (I).poly (C) SY NCI]]> poly (rI). poly (rC) SY NCI]]> Poly IC poly (rI)- poly (rC) polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid MSH2002_06_01 Interferon inducer consisting of a synthetic, mismatched double-stranded RNA. The polymer is made of one strand each of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid.]]> polyinosate.polycytidylate SY NCI]]> polyinosate-polycytidylate SY NCI]]> polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid SY NCI]]> poly I.poly C SY NCI]]> poly I-poly C SY NCI]]> Poly C poly I poly (I).poly (C) poly (I)-poly (C) Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid Polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid Poly(rI).poly(rC) Poly(rI)-poly(rC) Poly(I).poly(C) Poly rI:poly rC polyinosate.polycytidylate poly I-poly C poly I.poly C polyinosate-polycytidylate polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid poly (rI). poly (rC) Poly I:poly C poly (rI)- poly (rC) SY NCI]]> poly (I)-poly (C) SY NCI]]> Polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly(rI)-poly(rC) SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly rI:poly rC SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly IC SY DTP NSC0128576]]> Poly IC C759 759 primitive Organic Chemical Polyamine Compound Polyamine Compound PT NCI]]> NCI A class or organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen containing two or more amino groups with some compounds acting as essential growth factors for microorganisms.]]> Polyamine Compound C760 760 primitive C0032447 Organic Chemical Polychlorinated Biphenyl Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Polychlorinated Biphenyl PT NCI]]> PCB AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.]]> NCI biphenyl in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbons are replaced by chlorine atoms; a probable human carcinogen and teratogen. (STED98)]]> PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl C761 761 primitive Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organic Chemical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PT NCI]]> NCI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), produced by gasoline and oil combustion and also found in cigarette smoke and broiled meat, have been shown in experimental studies to cause cancer by damaging DNA. (from Medscape)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)]]> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons C762 762 primitive Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Organic Chemical Polyethylene Glycol C0032483 Polyethylene Glycol PT NCI]]> Glycol, polyethylene SY DTP NSC0057859]]> Glycol, Polyethylene SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Additional polymers of ethylene oxide and water and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid, depending on the molecular weight, indicated by a number following the name. Used as surfactants in industry, including foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutics; in biomedicine, as dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, tablet excipients. Some specific groups are lauromagrogols, nonoxynols, octoxynols and poloxamers.]]> Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol, polyethylene CSP2002 an addition polymer of ethylene oxide and water.]]> Polyethylene Glycol C763 763 primitive C0032697 Organic Chemical Antibiotic Porfiromycin porfiromycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045235]]> N-methylmitomycin C SY NCI]]> Porfiromycin PT NCI]]> NSC 56410 CN NCI]]> Porphyromycin SY DTP NSC0056410]]> Promycin BR NCI]]> Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1, 2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-1,1a,2,8,8a, 8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxymethyl)-8a- methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-, carbamate (ester) (8CI) SY DTP NSC0056410]]> Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b- hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,8.beta., 8a.alpha.,8b.alpha.)]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0056410]]> CAS 801525 CN NCI]]> N-Methylmitomycin C SY DTP NSC0056410]]> Mitomycin, methyl- SY DTP NSC0407676]]> Methylmitomycin SY NCI]]> Methyl mitomycin C SY DTP NSC0056410]]> Methyl Mitomycin SY NCI]]> Methyl Mitomycin C SY NCI]]> MITOMYCIN, METHYL SY DTP NSC0407676]]> ENT-50825 SY DTP NSC0056410]]> ENT-50825 CN NCI]]> Methyl Mitomycin MITOMYCIN, METHYL ENT-50825 CAS 801525 Porfiromycine [1aS-(1a alpha,8beta,8a alpha,8b alpha)]-6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethylazirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione MSH2002_06_01 Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called anticancer antibiotics.]]> [1aS-(1a alpha,8beta,8a alpha,8b alpha)]-6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethylazirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione SY NCI]]> Promycin U-14743 Porphyromycin Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,8.beta., 8a.alpha.,8b.alpha.)]- (9CI) Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b- hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,8.beta., 8a.alpha.,8b.alpha.)]- (9CI) Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1, 2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-1,1a,2,8,8a, 8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxymethyl)-8a- methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-, carbamate (ester)(8CI) Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1, 2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-1,1a,2,8,8a, 8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxymethyl)-8a- methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-, carbamate (ester) (8CI) NSC 56410 N-Methylmitomycin C Mitomycin, methyl- Methylmitomycin Methyl Mitomycin C Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-8-[[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]methyl]-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8a-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-,[1aR-(1a.alpha.,8.beta., 8a.alpha.,8b.alpha.)]- (9CI) SY NCI]]> Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1, 2-a]indole-4,7-dione, 6-amino-1,1a,2,8,8a, 8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxymethyl)-8a- methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-, carbamate (ester)(8CI) SY NCI]]> U-14743 CN NCI]]> Porphyromycin SY NCI]]> Porfiromycine SY NCI]]> Porfiromycine SY DTP NSC0056410]]> Porfiromycin C764 764 primitive Organic Chemical Biologically Active Substance Porphyrin C0032712 Porphyrin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.]]> Porphyrin C765 765 primitive Element, Ion, or Isotope Potassium C0032821 potassium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044344]]> K AB CADSR]]> Potassium MQ CADSR]]> NCI a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite; atomic symbol K, atomic number 19.]]> K NCI-GLOSS (po-TASS-ee-um) A metallic element that is important in body functions such as regulation of blood pressure and of water content in cells, transmission of nerve impulses, digestion, muscle contraction, and heartbeat.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance.]]> Potassium C766 766 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Antibiotic C0032857 Povidone-Iodine Povidone-iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> Betadine BR NCI]]> Povidone iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> Iodine Povidone Topical SY NCI]]> PVP iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> Povidone-Iodine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.]]> Betadine PVP-Iodine Povidone-Iodine PVP-iodine Iodine Povidone Topical PVP iodine Povidone iodine Povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> PVP-Iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> PVP-Iodine SY NCI]]> PVP-iodine SY DTP NSC0026245]]> Povidone-Iodine C767 767 primitive C0032912 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Prazosin Prazosin PT NCI]]> Furazosin SY NCI]]> 2-[4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline SY NCI]]> 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)piperazine SY NCI]]> 2-[4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)piperazine Furazosin CSP2002 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy- 2-quinazolinyl) -4-(2-furoyl) piperazine.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention.]]> Prazosin C768 768 primitive Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Prednimustine C0032949 Stereocyt FB NCI]]> (11beta-21-[4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]-1-oxobutoxy]-11,17-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> 11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-[4-[p-[bis(3-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyrate] SY NCI]]> LEO-1031 CN NCI]]> Prednimustine SY DTP NSC0171345]]> Sterecyt SY DTP NSC0171345]]> Stereocyt (11beta-21-[4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]-1-oxobutoxy]-11,17-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione LEO-1031 Sterecyt NSC-134087 Leo 1031 11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-[4-[p-[bis(3-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyrate] Prednimustine MSH2002_06_01 Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.]]> Sterecyt FB NCI]]> Prednimustine PT NCI]]> NSC-134087 CN NCI]]> Leo 1031 SY DTP NSC0171345]]> Prednimustine C769 769 primitive 9151 C0032950 C2864 Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Prednisolone prednisolone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046155]]> Meti Derm SY NCI]]> Meticortelone FB NCI]]> Opredsone FB NCI]]> Predeltilone FB NCI]]> Predni-Helvacort FB NCI]]> Klismacort FB NCI]]> Lenisolone FB NCI]]> Linola-H N FB NCI]]> Deltahydrocortisone SY NCI]]> Delta1-dehydro-hydrocortisone SY NCI]]> Delta-Phoricol FB NCI]]> Delta-F SY NCI]]> Delta-Diona FB NCI]]> Delta-Cortef BR NCI]]> Metacortandralone SY NCI]]> Longiprednil FB NCI]]> Linola-H-Fett N FB NCI]]> Cortalone BR NCI]]> Capsoid FB NCI]]> Aprednislon FB NCI]]> Adnisolone FB NCI]]> 1,2-Dehydrohydrocortisone SY NCI]]> .delta.1-Hydrocortisone SY DTP NSC0009900]]> Dhasolone FB NCI]]> Deltidrosol FB NCI]]> Deltasolone FB NCI]]> Opredsone Meticortelone Prednisolonum Sterane MSH2002_06_01 A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.]]> NCI-GLOSS A synthetic corticosteroid used in the treatment of blood cell cancers (leukemias) and lymph system cancers (lymphomas).]]> Sterane SY NCI]]> Prednisolone PT NCI]]> Prednicortelone FB NCI]]> Prednisolonum SY NCI]]> Prelone BR NCI]]> Prenilone FB NCI]]> Hydeltra BR NCI]]> Hostacortin H FB NCI]]> Gupisone FB NCI]]> Frisolona FB NCI]]> Fisopred FB NCI]]> Estilsona FB NCI]]> Dontisolon D FB NCI]]> Di-Adreson-F FB NCI]]> Delta- Cortef FB NCI]]> Delta(1)Hydrocortisone SY NCI]]> Decaprednil FB NCI]]> Dacortin H FB NCI]]> Cortisolone FB NCI]]> Kuhlprednon Klismacort Prednicortelone Predni-Helvacort Predni-Coelin Predeltilone Pred-Clysma Precortisyl Panafcortelone .delta.1-Hydrocortisone Hydeltrasol Hydeltra Hostacortin H Gupisone Frisolona Fisopred Estilsona Dontisolon D Prenilone Prelone Dhasolone Deltidrosol Deltasolone Deltahydrocortisone Delta1-dehydro-hydrocortisone Delta-Phoricol Delta-F Delta-Diona Delta-Cortef Delta- Cortef Delta(1)Hydrocortisone Decaprednil Dacortin H Cortisolone Cortalone Capsoid Aprednislon Adnisolone 1,2-Dehydrohydrocortisone Di-Adreson-F Meti Derm Metacortandralone Longiprednil Linola-H-Fett N Linola-H N Lepi-Cortinolo Lenisolone Lepi-Cortinolo FB NCI]]> Kuhlprednon FB NCI]]> Hydeltrasol BR NCI]]> Predni-Coelin FB NCI]]> Pred-Clysma FB NCI]]> Precortisyl FB NCI]]> Panafcortelone FB NCI]]> Prednisolone C770 770 primitive 10023 C2022 Prednisone C0032952 Steroid Pharmacologic Substance prednisone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045492]]> Prednicort FB NCI]]> Prednidib FB NCI]]> Prednilonga FB NCI]]> Prednisonum SY NCI]]> Promifen FB NCI]]> Panasol-S FB NCI]]> Paracort SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Predicor FB NCI]]> Liquid Pred BR NCI]]> Econosone FB NCI]]> Deltra SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Deltra FB NCI]]> Deltison SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Deltison FB NCI]]> Prednicen-M SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Prednicen-M BR NCI]]> Predicorten FB NCI]]> Delta-Dome BR NCI]]> Delta(1)-Cortisone SY NCI]]> Decorton SY DTP NSC0009567]]> Decorton FB NCI]]> Decortisyl SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Decortisyl FB NCI]]> DeCortin FB NCI]]> Dacortin SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Dacortin FB NCI]]> Cortancyl FB NCI]]> Adasone FB NCI]]> 1;2-Dehydrocortisone SY NCI]]> 1, 2-Dehydrocortisone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> .delta.1-Cortisone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Meprosona-F FB NCI]]> Lisacort SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Lisacort BR NCI]]> Panafcort Prednilonga Sterapred MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.]]> NCI-GLOSS Belongs to the family of drugs called steroids and is used to treat several types of cancer and other disorders. Prednisone also inhibits the body's immune response.]]> Servisone FB NCI]]> SK-Prednisone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Servisone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Sk-Prednisone BR NCI]]> Econosone Deltra Deltison Deltasone Deltadehydrocortisone Deltacortisone Deltacortene Delta-Dome Delta(1)-Cortisone Decorton Decortisyl DeCortin Dacortin Cortancyl Adasone 1;2-Dehydrocortisone 1, 2-Dehydrocortisone .delta.1-Cortisone Sk-Prednisone SK-Prednisone Prednisonum Prednitone Promifen Servisone Predniment PRED Orasone Ofisolona Meticorten Metacortandracin Meprosona-F Lisacort Liquid Pred Prednidib Prednicort Prednicen-M Predicorten Predicor Predeltin Paracort Panasol-S Sterapred BR NCI]]> PRED AB NCI]]> Orasone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Orasone BR NCI]]> Ofisolona FB NCI]]> Meticorten SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Meticorten BR NCI]]> Metacortandracin SY NCI]]> Metacortandracin SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Deltasone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Deltasone BR NCI]]> Deltadehydrocortisone SY NCI]]> Deltacortisone SY NCI]]> Deltacortisone SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Deltacortene FB NCI]]> Delta-Dome SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Predeltin FB NCI]]> Paracort FB NCI]]> Panafcort FB NCI]]> Prednitone FB NCI]]> Prednisone PT NCI]]> Predniment FB NCI]]> Prednilonga SY DTP NSC0010023]]> Prednisone C771 771 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Primaquine C0033126 Primaquine SY DTP NSC0027296]]> Primaquine PT NCI]]> Primaquine MSH2002_06_01 An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopia, 30th ed, p404)]]> Primaquine C772 772 primitive C0033209 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Probenecid probenecid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045288]]> Probenecid PT NCI]]> Benemid SY DTP NSC0018786]]> Benemid BR NCI]]> CSP2002 USP lists as a uricosuric, an agent that promotes uric acid secretion in urine.]]> SK-Probenecid Benemid Probenecid MSH2002_06_01 The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antibiotic therapy adjuncts.]]> SK-Probenecid BR NCI]]> Probenecid SY DTP NSC0018786]]> Probenecid C773 773 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C442 C0033223 77213 Procarbazine procarbazine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045378]]> p-toluamide, N-isopropyl-.alpha.-(2-methylhydrazino)-, monohydrochloride (8CI) SY NCI]]> p-(N'-methylhydrazinomethyl)-N-isopropylbenzamide hydrochloride SY NCI]]> p-(N'-methylhydrazinomethyl)-N-isopropylbenzamide SY NCI]]> Procarbazine PT NCI]]> Natunalar FB NCI]]> PCB Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> PCB AB NCI]]> Procarbazin SY NCI]]> MIH hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Ibenzmethyzine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Ibenzmethyzine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Ibenzmethyzin SY NCI]]> Ibenzmethyzin Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> CAS 366701 CN NCI]]> Benzethyzin SY NCI]]> Benzamide, N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino) methyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Procarbazine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> NCI-C01810 CN NCI]]> N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide SY NCI]]> N-Methylhydrazine SY NCI]]> N-4-isopropylcarbamoylbenzyl-N'-methylhydrazine SY NCI]]> N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzamide SY NCI]]> Matulane SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Matulane FB NCI]]> Matulane BR NCI]]> MIH hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Procarbazin PCZ PCB hydrochloride PCB Hydrochloride PCB Natunalar Natulanar Ro 4-6467/1 p-toluamide, N-isopropyl-.alpha.-(2-methylhydrazino)-, monohydrochloride (8CI) p-(N'-methylhydrazinomethyl)-N-isopropylbenzamide hydrochloride p-(N'-methylhydrazinomethyl)-N-isopropylbenzamide p-Toluamide, N-isopropyl-.alpha.-(2-methylhydrazino)-, monohydrochloride (8CI) benzamide, N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino) methyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) Natulan NSC 77213 NCI-C01810 N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide N-Methylhydrazine N-4-isopropylcarbamoylbenzyl-N'-methylhydrazine N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzamide Matulane MIH hydrochloride Ibenzmethyzine hydrochloride Ibenzmethyzine Hydrochloride Ibenzmethyzin Hydrochloride Ibenzmethyzin CAS 366701 Benzethyzin Benzamide, N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino) methyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) Ro 4 6467/1 Procarbazine Hydrochloride MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> benzamide, N-(1-methylethyl)-4-[(2-methylhydrazino) methyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) SY NCI]]> Ro 4 6467/1 SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Natulan SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Natulan FB NCI]]> NSC 77213 CN NCI]]> NCI-C01810 SY DTP NSC0077213]]> PCZ AB NCI]]> PCB hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Natunalar SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Natulanar FB NCI]]> Ro 4-6467/1 CN NCI]]> p-(N'-methylhydrazinomethyl)-N-isopropylbenzamide hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0077213]]> p-Toluamide, N-isopropyl-.alpha.-(2-methylhydrazino)-, monohydrochloride (8CI) SY DTP NSC0077213]]> Procarbazine C774 774 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Prochlorperazine Organic Chemical C0033229 prochlorperazine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045232]]> Prochlorperazine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause extrapyramidal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)]]> NCI-GLOSS (pro-klor-PAIR-a-zeen) A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiemetics.]]> Prochlorperazine C775 775 primitive CL053556 Prochlorperazine Maleate Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Prochlorperazine Maleate PT NCI]]> Compazine BR NCI]]> Compazine SY DTP NSC0017478]]> Compazine NCI Brand-name for prochlorperazine, an antipsychotic and antiemetic agent.]]> Prochlorperazine Maleate C776 776 primitive C0033306 Pharmacologic Substance Progestin (Therapeutic) Hormone Progestogens SY NCI]]> Progestin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Progesterone Agents SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of sex hormones associated with certain changes in the uterus and vagina during the menstrual cycle. They are necessary for the development of mammary tissue and for the maintenance of pregnancy.]]> Progesterone Agents Progestogens CSP2002 class of drugs which mimic progesterone by promoting gestation.]]> Progestin (Therapeutic) C777 777 primitive Steroid Pharmacologic Substance C0033308 Progesterone (Therapeutic) Utrogestan SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Syngesterone FB NCI]]> Proluton SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Progeston FB NCI]]> Progestasert SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Progestin BR NCI]]> Progestogel FB NCI]]> Prolidon SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Luteohormone SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Cyclogest FB NCI]]> Progestasert FB NCI]]> Lutromone SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Lutromone FB NCI]]> Lutogyl SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Lutogyl FB NCI]]> Lutocylin M FB NCI]]> Lutocyclin SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Lutocyclin FB NCI]]> Corlutina FB NCI]]> Luteohormone BR NCI]]> Lipo-Lutin SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Lipo-Lutin BR NCI]]> Gestone SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Gestone FB NCI]]> Gestiron FB NCI]]> Delta4-pregnene-3,20-dione SY NCI]]> Cyclogest SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Progestasert Lutromone Lutogyl Luteohormone Gestiron Gestone Lipo-Lutin Lutocyclin Delta4-pregnene-3,20-dione Corluvite Corlutina Cyclogest Lutocylin M MSH2002_06_01 The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle.]]> NCI Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. (MSH98)]]> Syngesterone SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Utrogestan FB NCI]]> Proluton BR NCI]]> Prolidon FB NCI]]> Progestol FB NCI]]> Progestin SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Progesterone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Corluvite SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Corluvite FB NCI]]> Corlutina SY DTP NSC0009704]]> Utrogestan Syngesterone Proluton Prolidon Progeston Progestol Progestogel Progestin Progesterone Progesterone (Therapeutic) C778 778 primitive C0033371 Prolactin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone Prolactin PT NCI]]> CSP2002 glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in mammals it stimulates the production of milk and assists in maintaining the corpus luteum.]]> NCI Pituitary lactogenic hormone. A polypeptide hormone with a molecular weight of about 23,000. It is essential in the induction of lactation in mammals at parturition and is synergistic with estrogen. The hormone also brings about the release of progesterone from lutein cells, which renders the uterine mucosa suited for the embedding of the ovum should fertilization occur. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Pituitary lactogenic hormone. A polypeptide hormone with a molecular weight of about 23,000. It is essential in the induction of lactation in mammals at parturition and is synergistic with estrogen. The hormone also brings about the release of progesterone from lutein cells, which renders the uterine mucosa suited for the embedding of the ovum should fertilization occur.]]> Prolactin C779 779 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Promethazine Organic Chemical C0033405 Zipan SY DTP NSC0077518]]> Remsed FB NCI]]> Promethazine SY DTP NSC0030321]]> Promethazine PT NCI]]> ZiPan FB NCI]]> Zipan ZiPan Anergan Promethazine Phenergan Remsed MSH2002_06_01 A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.]]> Remsed SY DTP NSC0231688]]> Phenergan BR NCI]]> Anergan BR NCI]]> Promethazine C780 780 primitive C0033477 Corynebacterium Parvum (Therapeutic) Bacterium Pharmacologic Substance Propionibacterium acnes SY NCI]]> C. parvum SY NCI]]> Corynebacterium parvum, Merieux BR NCI]]> Corynebacterium parvum, Burroughs BR NCI]]> NCI A specific strain or preparation of Corynebacterium parvum used as an adjuvant.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A bacteria isolated from normal skin, intestinal contents, wounds, blood, pus, and soft tissue abscesses. It is a common contaminant of clinical specimens, presumably from the skin of patients or attendants.]]> Corynebacterium parvum, Merieux C. parvum Corynebacterium parvum, Burroughs CPAR Coparvax Propionibacterium acnes NCI A bacteria isolated from normal skin, intestinal contents, wounds, blood, pus, and soft tissue abscesses. It is a common contaminant of clinical specimens, presumably from the skin of patients or attendants. (MSH2000)]]> Coparvax BR NCI]]> CPAR AB NCI]]> Corynebacterium Parvum (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Corynebacterium Parvum (Therapeutic) C781 781 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Propylthiouracil Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0033511 Propylthiouracil SY DTP NSC0070461]]> 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil SY DTP NSC0070461]]> 6-propyl-2-thiouracil SY NCI]]> Propylthiouracil PT NCI]]> 6-propyl-2-thiouracil 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil Propylthiouracil MSH2002_06_01 A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534)]]> Propylthiouracil C782 782 primitive C0033554 Prostaglandin Eicosanoid Prostaglandin SY DTP NSC0143098]]> Prostaglandin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.]]> NCI A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes. (MSH98)]]> Prostaglandin Prostaglandin C783 783 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0033607 Protease Inhibitor protease inhibitors PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045977]]> Protease Inhibitor PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Compounds that interfere with the ability of certain enzymes to break down proteins. Some protease inhibitors can keep a virus from making copies of itself (e.g., AIDS virus protease inhibitors), and some can prevent cancer cells from spreading.]]> Protease Inhibitors MSH2002_06_01 Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).]]> Protease Inhibitor C784 784 primitive C0033671 Pharmacologic Substance Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Protein Synthesis Inhibitor PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually antibiotics or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.]]> Protein Synthesis Inhibitor C785 785 primitive Organic Chemical Biologically Active Substance C0033733 Protoporphyrin Protoporphyrin SY DTP NSC0002632]]> PROTOPORPHYRIN SY DTP NSC0002632]]> Protoporphyrin PT NCI]]> PROTOPORPHYRIN Protoporphyrin MSH2002_06_01 Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.]]> Protoporphyrin C786 786 primitive C0034140 Organic Chemical Purine Biologically Active Substance Purine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism.]]> CSP2002 bicyclic ring structure consisting of fused imidazole and pyrimidine rings, with nitrogen atoms at the 1,3,7, and 9 positions; the basic structure of adenine, guanine, and other biologically important bases.]]> Purine C787 787 primitive C0034145 Puromycin Antibiotic Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Puromycin SY DTP NSC0003055]]> PUROMYCIN SY DTP NSC0003055]]> Puromycin PT NCI]]> PUROMYCIN Puromycin MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic from Streptomyces alboniger that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA. It is an antineoplastic and antitrypanosomal agent and is used in research as an inhibitor of protein synthesis.]]> Puromycin C788 788 primitive C0034283 Pharmacologic Substance Pyrimethamine Organic Chemical Pyrimethamine SY DTP NSC0003061]]> Daraprim BR NCI]]> Daraprim SY DTP NSC0003061]]> Pyrimethamine Daraprim MSH2002_06_01 One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.]]> Pyrimethamine PT NCI]]> Pyrimethamine C789 789 primitive Organic Chemical Biologically Active Substance C0034284 Pyrimidine Pyrimidine PT NCI]]> NCI One of two classes of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA: in DNA the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine, in RNA uracil replaces thymine.]]> CSP2002 6-membered aromatic ring structure with 2 meta nitrogen heteroatoms.]]> Pyrimidine C790 790 primitive C0034286 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pyrimidine Dimer Pyrimidine Dimer PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ultraviolet irradiation. They consist of two adjacent pyrimidine nucleotides, usually thymine nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers stop DNA replication.]]> CSP2002 covalently linked adjacent pyrimidine bases (usually thymidine) on a strand of DNA produced by UV light or other radiation; the mutation blocks both transcription and replication until excised and repaired.]]> Pyrimidine Dimer C791 791 primitive Inorganic Chemical Quartz, Crystalline Silica C0034387 Quartz, Crystalline Silica PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Quartz (SiO2). A glassy or crystalline form of silicon dioxide. Many colored varieties are semiprecious stones. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> Quartz, Crystalline Silica C792 792 primitive C0034392 Pharmacologic Substance Quercetin Organic Chemical Quercetin SY DTP NSC0009219]]> QUERCETIN SY DTP NSC0009219]]> Quercetin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.]]> QUERCETIN Quercetin NCI A flavonol from azaleas being evaluated for its chemopreventive qualities. (Chemical and Physical Carcinogenesis Branch, DCB homepage)]]> Quercetin C793 793 primitive C0034414 Quinidine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Quinidine PT NCI]]> QUINIDINE SY DTP NSC0010004]]> CSP2002 D isomer of quinine; sometimes used as an antimalarial in patients who cannot tolerate quinine.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.]]> QUINIDINE Quinidine C794 794 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Quinine Organic Chemical C0034417 Quinine PT NCI]]> QUININE SY DTP NSC0005362]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.]]> (-)-Quinine SY DTP NSC0192949]]> CSP2002 quinine ascorbate is listed by USP as a smoking deterrent.]]> (-)-Quinine QUININE Quinine C795 795 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate C0034428 Quinolone Antibiotic Quinolone Antibiotic PT NCI]]> NCI The basic structure of quinolone is nalidixic acid that has limited therapeutic value. However, the development of fluorinated quinolones led to new derivative compounds with broad antibacterial activity. Both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are targets of quinolones.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.]]> Quinolone Antibiotic C796 796 primitive C0034435 Chemical Viewed Structurally Quinone Compound Quinone SY DTP NSC0036324]]> Quinone Compound PT NCI]]> Quinone MSH2002_06_01 Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.]]> Quinone Compound C797 797 primitive C0034540 Pharmacologic Substance Radioprotective Agent Radioprotective Agent PT NCI]]> Radiation Effect Modifiers SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.]]> Radiation Effect Modifiers Radioprotective Agent C798 798 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Radiosensitizing Agent C0034541 radiosensitizers PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046553]]> Radiosensitizing Drugs SY NCI]]> Radiosensitizing Agent PT NCI]]> Radiation-Sensitizing Agents SY NCI]]> Radiation Sensitizers SY NCI]]> Radiation-Sensitizing Drugs SY NCI]]> Radiosensitizers SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Drugs used to potentiate the effectiveness of radiation therapy in destroying unwanted cells.]]> Radiosensitizers Radiation-Sensitizing Drugs Radiation Sensitizers Radiation-Sensitizing Agents Radiosensitizing Drugs NCI-GLOSS Drugs that make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.]]> Radiosensitizing Agent C799 799 primitive Element, Ion, or Isotope C0034595 Radioisotope radioisotope PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045856]]> Radioisotope PT NCI]]> Radionuclide SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed and McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)]]> Radionuclide CSP2002 isotopes that decay and emit radiation; either naturally occurring elements or are produced by the action of neutrons, protons, deuterons, or alpha particles; index with a specific element when appropriate, e.g., C14 index with CARBON and RADIONUCLIDE.]]> NCI-GLOSS An unstable element that releases radiation as it breaks down. Radioisotopes can be used in imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer.]]> Radioisotope C800 800 primitive C0034629 Radon Element, Ion, or Isotope radon PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046554]]> Radon PT NCI]]> Radon SY RAEB-2]]> NCI A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, atomic number 86, and atomic weight 222. It is a member of the noble gas family and released during the decay of radium and found in soil. Of the isotopes with mass numbers 198-228, 222Rn is medically significant as an alpha-emitter with a half-life of 3.8235 days; it is used in the treatment of certain malignancies. Poorly ventilated homes in some parts of the country accumulate a dangerous amount of naturally-occurring radon gas.There is a link between exposure to radon and lung cancer. RAEB: Environmental carcinogen found concentrated in indoor air and well water. Also an occupational carcinogen for uranium and certain other miners. Also code SIC 26 (ionizing radiation). (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS (RAY-don) A radioactive gas that is released by uranium, a substance found in soil and rock. Breathing in too much radon can damage lung cells and lead to lung cancer.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Radon. A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, atomic number 86, and atomic weight 222. It is a member of the noble gas family and released during the decay of radium and found in soil. There is a link between exposure to radon and lung cancer.]]> Radon C801 801 primitive C0034738 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Razoxane Razoxin SY DTP NSC0129943]]> ICRF 159 SY DTP NSC0129943]]> ICI 59118 CN NCI]]> Razoxin FB NCI]]> Razoxane PT NCI]]> ICRF 159 CN NCI]]> NCI a topoisomerase II inhibitor with anti-angiogenic activity. Also used as an chemoprotective agent to prevent cardiotoxicity from anthracycline antibiotics.]]> Razoxin ICI 59118 ICRF 159 MSH2002_06_01 An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. Dexrazoxane, the (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane, provides cardioprotection against anthracyline toxicity. It appears to inhibit formation of a toxic iron-anthracyline complex.]]> Razoxane C802 802 primitive C0034760 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Reagent Reagent PT NCI]]> Reagent C803 803 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0035179 Reserpine Reserpine PT NCI]]> RESERPINE SY DTP NSC0059272]]> MSH2002_06_01 An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.]]> RESERPINE Reserpine C804 804 primitive C0035339 Pharmacologic Substance Retinoic Acid Agent retinoid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045870]]> Retinoic Acid and Derivatives SY NCI]]> Retinoic Acid Agent PT NCI]]> NCI Active metabolites of vitamin A. Current use: treatment of severe cystic acne, psoriasis, other keratinization disorders, and development of immunotherapy for certain cancers.]]> Retinoids SY NCI]]> CSP2002 retinol and its derivatives; C(20) polyunsaturated, cyclic, lipid soluble alcohol; deficiency results in night blindness and certain epithelial disorders.]]> NCI-GLOSS Vitamin A or a vitamin A-like compound.]]> Retinoid Retinoic Acids Retinoic Acid and Derivatives Retinoids MSH2002_06_01 A class of structurally-related compounds that are comprised of four isoprenoid units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic acne, psoriasis, and other disorders of keratinization.]]> Retinoic Acid Agent C805 805 primitive C0035448 Immunologic Factor Rheumatoid Factor Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Rheumatoid Factor PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antibodies directed against antigenic determinants, i.e., Gm (gamma chain), in the Fc region of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, found in the serum of about 80% of patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis, but in only about 20% of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factors may be IMMUNOGLOBULIN M, IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, or IMMUNOGLOBULIN A antibodies, although other serological tests measure only IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. Rheumatoid factors also occur in other connective tissue diseases and infectious diseases. (From Dorland, 28th ed)]]> NCI Antibodies in the serum of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis that react with antigenic determinants or immunoglobulins that enhance agglutination of suspended particles coated with pooled human gamma -globulin. Rheumatoid factors also occur in other autoimmune and certain infectious diseases.]]> Rheumatoid Factor C806 806 primitive Organic Chemical Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0035483 Rhodamine Rhodamine SY DTP NSC0010475]]> Rhodamine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.]]> Rhodamine Rhodamine C807 807 primitive C0035525 Pharmacologic Substance Ribavirin Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide ribavirin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045293]]> Virazole SY DTP NSC0163039]]> Virazid BR NCI]]> Virazole BR NCI]]> 1-Beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazolo-3-carboxamide SY NCI]]> 1-Beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide SY NCI]]> RTCA SY DTP NSC0163039]]> Viramide SY NCI]]> CSP2002 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamid e; antiretroviral agent with potential efficacy against AIDS.]]> 1-Beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazolo-3-carboxamide ICN 1229 Viramide Rebetol ICN-1229 RTCA Virazid Virazole MSH2002_06_01 A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.]]> 1-Beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 1-.beta.-D-Ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the lungs.]]> Ribavirin PT NCI]]> ICN-1229 CN NCI]]> 1-.beta.-D-Ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide SY DTP NSC0163039]]> ICN 1229 SY DTP NSC0163039]]> RTCA AB NCI]]> Rebetol BR NCI]]> Ribavirin C808 808 primitive Vitamin Organic Chemical C0035527 Riboflavin Riboflavine SY NCI]]> Riboflavine SY DTP NSC0033298]]> Riboflavin PT NCI]]> NCI 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine: a heat-stable factor of the water-soluble vitamin B complex whose isoalloxazine nucleotides are coenzymes of the flavodehydrogenases. Its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FMN and FAD.]]> Riboflavine CSP2002 water soluble B vitamin; precursor of FMN and FAD.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FMN and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.]]> RIBOFLAVIN SY DTP NSC0033298]]> RIBOFLAVIN Riboflavin C809 809 primitive C0035569 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Ricin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Ricinus Communis Agglutinin II SY NCI]]> Ricin SY DTP NSC0009902]]> Ricin PT NCI]]> NCI A highly toxic protein phytotoxin lectin and hemagglutin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally. It has N-glycosidase activity that cleaves 28S rRNA, halting protein synthesis; extreme cytotoxicity makes ricin an attractive candidate for artificial fusion with binding proteins to create cell-type-specific toxins.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally.]]> RICIN SY DTP NSC0009902]]> CSP2002 proteinaceous phytotoxin from the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis; A chain has glycosidase activity which cleaves 28S rRNA, halting protein synthesis; extreme cytotoxicity makes ricin an attractive candidate for artificial fusion with binding proteins to create cell-type-specific toxins.]]> RICIN Ricin Ricinus Communis Agglutinin II Ricin C810 810 primitive C0035570 Ricin A Chain Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Ricin A Chain PT NCI]]> NCI One of the two glycoprotein disulfide-linked chains of Ricinus Communis Agglutin II that causes protein synthesis inhibition and cell death. Current use: in development as antibody-toxin hybrid molecule against cancer cells. (NCI)]]> Ricin A Chain C811 811 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Rifampin Organic Chemical C0035608 Rimactane SY DTP NSC0113926]]> L-5103 CN NCI]]> Rifadin BR NCI]]> Rimactane BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)]]> L-5103 Rifadin Rimactane Binds to Subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rpoB). Rifampin PT NCI]]> Rifadin SY DTP NSC0113926]]> Rifampin C812 812 primitive C0035668 RNA Biologically Active Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide ribonucleic acid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046659]]> Ribonucleic acid SY DTP NSC0077461]]> Ribonucleic Acid SY NCI]]> NCI A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and sugar units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed) (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS RNA. One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Ribonucleic acid transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.]]> RNA PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046568]]> RNA PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)]]> Ribonucleic Acid NCI-GLOSS Ribonucleic acid. One of the two types of nucleic acids found in all cells. The other is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins produced by the cell.]]> RNA C813 813 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Messenger RNA C0035696 mRNA SY NCI]]> Messenger RNA PT NCI]]> NCI The RNA reflecting the exact nucleoside sequence of the genetically active DNA and carrying the "message" of the latter, coded in its sequence, to the cytoplasmic areas where protein is made in amino acid sequences specified by the mRNA, and hence primarily by the DNA; viral RNA's are considered to be natural messenger RNA's. SYN informational RNA, template RNA. (STED98)]]> NCI Messenger RNA. A class of RNA molecules that contain protein-coding information in their nucleotide sequence and can be translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.]]> mRNA MSH2002_06_01 RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.]]> Messenger RNA C814 814 primitive C0035701 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Ribosomal RNA Biologically Active Substance rRNA AB NCI]]> rRNA MSH2002_06_01 The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)]]> NCI Ribosomal RNA. Class of RNA molecules that do not contain protein-coding sequence information. These RNAs constitute the majority of the cellular RNA (~ 80%); they associate with multiple proteins into a macromolecular complex termed ribosomes, in which mRNA-directed protein synthesis occurs. The three eukaryotic rRNAs are named 28S, 18S, and 5S rRNA.]]> Ribosomal RNA PT NCI]]> Ribosomal RNA C815 815 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Small Nuclear RNA C0035709 uRNA SY NCI]]> NCI Small nuclear RNA. A class of abundant small nuclear RNAs involved in RNA processing (splicing, 3' end maturation). These snRNAs associate with specific proteins to form the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP) directly involved in RNA processing. Seven known snRNAs have been termed U1 through U7 snRNA.]]> uRNA snRNA MSH2002_06_01 Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.]]> Small Nuclear RNA PT NCI]]> snRNA SY NCI]]> Small Nuclear RNA C816 816 primitive C0035711 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide tRNA tRNA PT NCI]]> Transfer RNA SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.]]> Transfer RNA Triplet Codon-Amino Acid Adaptor NCI Small RNA molecules, 73-93 nucleotides, occurring in cells in 20 or more varieties and functioning in translation. Each variety carries a specific amino acid to a site specified by an RNA codon, binding to amino acid, ribosome, and to the codon, via an anticodon region. All have numerous modified bases and extensive secondary structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)]]> Triplet Codon-Amino Acid Adaptor SY NCI]]> tRNA C817 817 primitive C0035750 Organic Chemical Ceftriaxone Antibiotic ceftriaxone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045335]]> Rocephin BR NCI]]> Ceftriaxone PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called cephalosporin antibiotics.]]> Cefriaxone Sodium Rocephin Cefriaxone Sodium SY NCI]]> Ceftriaxone C818 818 primitive Carbohydrate Antibiotic C0035891 Roxithromycin Rulide FB NCI]]> Roxitromycine SY NCI]]> RU 965 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin. It is concentrated by human phagocytes and is bioactive intracellularly. While the drug is active against a wide spectrum of pathogens, it is particularly effective in the treatment of respiratory and genital tract infections.]]> RU 28965 CN NCI]]> Roxithromycin PT NCI]]> Rulide RU 28965 RU 965 Roxitromycine Roxithromycin C819 819 primitive C0035976 Pharmacologic Substance Rutin Carbohydrate Rutin PT NCI]]> RUTIN SY DTP NSC0009220]]> RUTIN MSH2002_06_01 3-((6-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one. Found in many plants, including buckwheat, tobacco, forsythia, hydrangea, pansies, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.]]> Rutin C820 820 primitive Lipid Food C0036048 Safflower Oil Safflower Oil PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a dietary supplement in the management of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. It is used also in cooking, as a salad oil, and as a vehicle for medicines, paints, varnishes, etc. (Dorland, 28th ed and Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)]]> Safflower Oil C821 821 primitive 709919 C2950 C0036082 Inorganic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Saline saline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046152]]> Saline SY DTP NSC0077364]]> CSP2002 any aqueous salt solution; usually means normal or physiological saline, which is 0.9% sodium chloride, and is used as a base for culture media and buffers, and as an injection vehicle or control.]]> Saline PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A solution of salt and water.]]> Saline C822 822 primitive Chemical Viewed Structurally Salts C0036140 salt SY DTP NSC0153353]]> Salts PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Substances produced from the reaction between acids and bases; compounds consisting of a metal (positive) and nonmetal (negative) radical. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)]]> salt Salt SY DTP NSC0077364]]> Salt Salts C823 823 primitive C0036189 Steroid Saponin saponin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044165]]> Steroid Saponins SY NCI]]> Saponin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance found in soybeans and many other plants. Saponins may help lower cholesterol and may have anticancer effects.]]> SAPONIN SY DTP NSC0246128]]> MSH2002_06_01 Sapogenin glycosides. A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycon moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose. Sapogenins are poisonous towards the lower forms of life and are powerful hemolytics when injected into the blood stream able to dissolve red blood cells at even extreme dilutions.]]> SAPONIN Steroid Saponins Saponin C824 824 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate C0036359 Sizofiran Sizofiran PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.]]> Sizofiran C825 825 primitive C0036581 Pharmacologic Substance Selenium Element, Ion, or Isotope selenium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045113]]> Selenium PT NCI]]> NCI A nonmetallic trace element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential mineral, being a constituent of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and believed to be closely associated with vitamin E in its functions, but it occurs in toxic levels in several kinds of plants. Dietary deficiency, occurring where the soil has a low selenium content, results in cardiomyopathy. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS An essential dietary mineral.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.]]> Selenium C826 826 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0036584 Selenomethionine Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Selenomethionine PT NCI]]> Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(methylseleno)- SY NCI]]> NCI A substance containing selenium, a trace element, in place of the sulfur in methionine, an amino acid, used as a nutritional supplement for selenium.(NCI)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination.]]> Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(methylseleno)- Selenomethionine C827 827 primitive Carbohydrate Semustine Pharmacologic Substance C0036637 urea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitroso-, trans- (9CI) SY NCI]]> urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-, trans- (8CI) SY NCI]]> trans-Methyl-CCNU SY NCI]]> trans-Methyl-CCNU SY DTP NSC0095441]]> MeCCNU SY DTP NSC0095441]]> 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0095441]]> 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexane)-1-nitrosourea SY DTP NSC0095441]]> Lomustine, Methyl SY NCI]]> MeCCNU AB NCI]]> urea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitroso-, trans- (9CI) MSH2002_06_01 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> semustine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046772]]> methyl-CCNU SY DTP NSC0095441]]> Urea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitroso-, trans- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0095441]]> Semustine PT NCI]]> Methyl Lomustine SY NCI]]> Methyl CCNU SY DTP NSC0095441]]> 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(Trans-4-Methylcyclohexane)-1-Nitrosourea 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea Lomustine, Methyl MCCNU Methyl CCNU NSC-95441 Urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-, trans- (8CI) urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-, trans- (8CI) trans-Methyl-CCNU methyl-CCNU Urea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitroso-, trans- (9CI) Semustine Methyl Lomustine MeCCNU Lomustine, methyl 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexane)-1-nitrosourea Lomustine, methyl SY DTP NSC0095441]]> 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea SY NCI]]> 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(Trans-4-Methylcyclohexane)-1-Nitrosourea SY NCI]]> MCCNU AB NCI]]> Methyl CCNU SY NCI]]> NSC-95441 CN NCI]]> Urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-, trans- (8CI) SY DTP NSC0095441]]> Semustine C828 828 primitive C0036751 Serotonin Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Serotonin PT NCI]]> SEROTONIN SY DTP NSC0058241]]> MSH2002_06_01 A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.]]> NCI 3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-indolol; a vasoconstrictor, liberated by the blood platelets, that inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates smooth muscle; present in relatively high concentrations in some areas of the central nervous system (hypothalamus, basal ganglia), and occurs in many peripheral tissues and cells and in carcinoid tumors. SYN 5-hydroxytryptamine, enteramine, thrombocytin, thrombotonin. (STED98)]]> Serotonin C829 829 primitive Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0037366 Tobacco Smoke Tobacco Smoke PT NCI]]> Smoke PP CADSR]]> SMK AB CADSR]]> SMK Smoke NCI Smoke from burning tobacco; it is inhaled as smoke from cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.]]> Tobacco Smoke C830 830 primitive C0037473 Sodium Element, Ion, or Isotope sodium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044731]]> Sodium MQ CADSR]]> NA AB CADSR]]> NCI An alkali metal with atomic number 11, atomic weight 23, atomic symbol Na and is used in the manufacture of esters, and preparation of organic compounds, including medicinals. The ion form is involved in many physiologic preocesses, including blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance.]]> NA NCI-GLOSS A mineral needed by the body to keep body fluids in balance. Sodium is found in table salt and in many processed foods. Too much sodium can cause the body to retain water.]]> Sodium C831 831 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Etidronate Disodium Organophosphorus Compound C0037507 Etidronate Disodium PT NCI]]> Etidron FB NCI]]> Disodium Dihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)bis(phosphonate) SY NCI]]> Diphos FB NCI]]> NCI Sodium salt of etidronate.]]> Calcimux SY NCI]]> Didronel BR NCI]]> Etidron Didronel Calcimux Disodium Dihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)bis(phosphonate) Diphos Etidronate Disodium C832 832 primitive Inorganic Chemical Sodium Fluoride C0037508 Sodium fluoride SY DTP NSC0077385]]> Sodium Fluoride PT NCI]]> Fluoride, sodium SY DTP NSC0077385]]> MSH2002_06_01 A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.]]> Fluoride, sodium Sodium fluoride Sodium Fluoride C833 833 primitive C0037513 Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate Heparin Sodium Sodium heparin SY DTP NSC0145954]]> Heparin sodium SY DTP NSC0145954]]> Lipo-Hepin BR NCI]]> Hep-Lock BR NCI]]> Hep-Lock Lipo-Hepin Sodium heparin Heparin Sodium PT NCI]]> Heparin sodium Heparin Sodium C834 834 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Sodium Salicylate C0037549 sodium salicylate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046038]]> Disalcid SY DTP NSC0049171]]> Disalcid BR NCI]]> Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt SY NCI]]> Sodium salicylate SY DTP NSC0202167]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Sodium salicylate may be tolerated by people who are sensitive to aspirin.]]> Sodium salicylate Disalcid Salicylate, sodium Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt MSH2002_06_01 A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)]]> Sodium Salicylate PT NCI]]> Salicylate, sodium SY DTP NSC0202167]]> Sodium Salicylate C835 835 primitive C0037657 Pharmacologic Substance Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Somatomedin SY NCI]]> Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when stimulated by SOMATOTROPIN. They cause sulfate incorporation into collagen, RNA, and DNA synthesis, which are prerequisites to cell division and growth of the organism. (from MSH98)]]> IGF (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when stimulated by SOMATOTROPIN. They cause sulfate incorporation into collagen, RNA, and DNA synthesis, which are prerequisites to cell division and growth of the organism.]]> IGF (therapeutic) Somatomedin Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Therapeutic) C836 836 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Factor C0037659 Somatotropin Release Inhibiting Factors SY NCI]]> Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Factor PT NCI]]> Growth Hormone Inhibiting Factors SY NCI]]> Growth Hormone Inhibiting Factors Somatotropin Release Inhibiting Factors MSH2002_06_01 A polypeptide hormone produced in the HYPOTHALAMUS, and other tissues and organs. It inhibits the release of growth hormone (SOMATOTROPIN), and also modulates important physiological functions of the kidney, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin receptors are widely expressed throughout the body. Somatostatin also acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems.]]> Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Factor C837 837 primitive C0037663 Pharmacologic Substance Growth Hormone (Therapeutic) Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Somatotropin SY NCI]]> Growth Hormone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Somatotropic Hormone SY NCI]]> Somatotropin MSH2002_06_01 A small peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary under hypothalamic control. Somatotropin, or growth hormone, stimulates mitosis, cell growth, and, for some cell types, differentiation in many tissues of the body. It has profound effects on many aspects of gene expression and metabolism.]]> GH (Therapeutic) AB NCI]]> GH (Therapeutic) Somatotropic Hormone Growth Hormone (Therapeutic) C838 838 primitive C0037732 Soybean Oil Food Lipid Soybean oil SY DTP NSC0406244]]> Soybean Oil PT NCI]]> Soybean oil MSH2002_06_01 Oil from soybean or soybean plant.]]> Soybean Oil C839 839 primitive C0037962 Carbohydrate Spiramycin Antibiotic Spiramycin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. The drug is effective against gram-positive aerobic pathogens, N. gonorrhoeae, and staphylococci. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii.]]> Spiramycin C840 840 primitive Steroid Pharmacologic Substance C0037982 Spironolactone Spironolactone SY DTP NSC0150399]]> Spironolactone PT NCI]]> Aldactone SY DTP NSC0150399]]> Aldactone SY NCI]]> Aldactone Spironolactone MSH2002_06_01 A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)]]> Spironolactone C841 841 primitive Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0038128 Stain Stain OC CADSR]]> NCI a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible.]]> Stain C842 842 primitive Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Stanozolol C0038149 Winstrol SY DTP NSC0043193]]> Winstrol BR NCI]]> WIN 14833 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)]]> WIN 14833 Winstrol Stanozolol PT NCI]]> Stanozolol C843 843 primitive Steroid Steroid Compound C0038317 Biologically Active Substance steroid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046601]]> Steroids SY NCI]]> Steroid Compound PT NCI]]> NCI Steroids are compounds possessing the skeleton of cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or a skeleton derived therefrom by one or more bond scissions or ring expansions or contractions. Methyl groups are normally present at C-10 and C-13. An alkyl side chain may also be present at C-17. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons.]]> Steroids NCI-GLOSS (STAIR-oyd) A type of drug used to relieve swelling and inflammation.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)]]> Steroid Compound C844 844 primitive Organic Chemical Antibiotic C1100 C0038427 45383 Streptonigrin Streptonigrin PT NCI]]> STREPTONIGRIN SY DTP NSC0045383]]> Rufocromomycin SY NCI]]> STREPTONIGRIN PT NCI]]> Bruneomycin SY DTP NSC0083950]]> 5-Amino-6-(7-amino-5,8-dihydro-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxo-2-quinolyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid SY NCI]]> Bruneomycin SY NCI]]> PC-501 CN NCI]]> STREPTONIGRIN BA-163 5-Amino-6-(70-amino-5,8-dihydro-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxo-2-quinolyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methylpicolinic Acid 5-Amino-6-(7-amino-5,8-dihydro-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxo-2-quinolyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid Bruneomycin Rufocromomycin PC-501 NSC-45383 NSC 45383 MSH2002_06_01 Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.]]> NSC-45383 CN NCI]]> BA-163 CN NCI]]> 5-Amino-6-(70-amino-5,8-dihydro-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxo-2-quinolyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methylpicolinic Acid SY NCI]]> NSC 45383 SY DTP NSC0083950]]> NSC-45383 SY DTP NSC0083950]]> Rufocromomycin SY DTP NSC0083950]]> Streptonigrin C845 845 primitive Organic Chemical Streptozocin Antibiotic C0038432 85998 streptozocin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045561]]> Zanosar SY DTP NSC0085998]]> U-9889 SY DTP NSC0085998]]> Zanosar BR NCI]]> 2-deoxy-2-[[(methylnitrosamino)-carbonyl]amino]-D-glucopyranose SY NCI]]> 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose SY NCI]]> STZ AB NCI]]> U-9889 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.]]> 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose 2-Deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose NSC 85998 STZ U 9889 U-9889 Streptozotocin Zanosar CSP2002 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido) -D-glucopyranose; USP antineoplastic antibiotic; at high doses it destroys pancreatic beta cells and can be used to create experimental animal models of diabetes mellitus.]]> NSC-85998 2-deoxy-2-[[(methylnitrosamino)-carbonyl]amino]-D-glucopyranose NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> Streptozotocin SY NCI]]> NSC 85998 SY DTP NSC0085998]]> 2-Deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose SY DTP NSC0085998]]> NSC-85998 CN NCI]]> Streptozocin PT NCI]]> U 9889 SY DTP NSC0085998]]> Streptozocin C846 846 primitive Element, Ion, or Isotope Strontium C0038467 strontium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045913]]> Strontium PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.]]> NCI-GLOSS A metal often used in a radioactive form for imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer.]]> Strontium C847 847 primitive Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Substance P C0038585 Substance P PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.]]> NCI An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.]]> Substance P C848 848 primitive C0038633 Pharmacologic Substance Sucralfate Carbohydrate sucralfate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045234]]> Sucralfate PT NCI]]> Carafate BR NCI]]> Carafate MSH2002_06_01 A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat ulcers. It adheres to proteins at the ulcer site and forms a protective coating over the ulcer. Sucralfate is also used to treat mucositis.]]> Sucralfate C849 849 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0038761 Sulfone Anti-Infective Agent Sulfones SY NCI]]> Sulfone SY NCI]]> Sulfone Anti-Infective Agent PT NCI]]> CSP2002 any compound of the type R-SO2-R.]]> Sulfone Sulfones Sulfone Anti-Infective Agent C850 850 primitive C0038792 Pharmacologic Substance Sulindac Organic Chemical sulindac PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045372]]> cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl)benzylidene]indene-3-acetic acid SY NCI]]> Sulinol FB NCI]]> Novo-Sundac FB NCI]]> Reumyl FB NCI]]> Sulreuma FB NCI]]> Clisundac FB NCI]]> Arthrocine FB NCI]]> Aflodac BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is being studied as a treatment for cancer.]]> Sulindac PT NCI]]> Sudac FB NCI]]> Reumofil FB NCI]]> Imbaral FB NCI]]> Clinoril BR NCI]]> Artribid FB NCI]]> Apo-Sulin FB NCI]]> Algocetil FB NCI]]> Aflodac (Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]methylene]-1H-indene-3-acetic acid Reumofil Sulreuma Sulinol Sudac Reumyl cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl)benzylidene]indene-3-acetic acid MSH2002_06_01 A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.]]> Novo-Sundac Imbaral Clisundac Clinoril Citireuma Artribid Arthrocine Apo-Sulin Algocetil (Z)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]methylene]-1H-indene-3-acetic acid SY NCI]]> Citireuma FB NCI]]> Sulindac C851 851 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Sunscreen C0038818 sunscreen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046608]]> Sunscreen PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that helps protect the skin from the sun's harmful rays. Sunscreens reflect, absorb, and scatter both ultraviolet A and B radiation to provide protection against both types of radiation. Using lotions, creams, or gels that contain sunscreens can help protect the skin from premature aging and damage that may lead to skin cancer.]]> Sunscreen C852 852 primitive C0038836 Element, Ion, or Isotope Superoxide Superoxide PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.]]> Superoxide C853 853 primitive 34936 C0038880 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Suramin C550 suramin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045271]]> Suramin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections. It is also being studied in the treatment of cancer.]]> NCI Suramin provides palliative benefit and prolongs time to disease progression in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (from J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1440-1450)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.]]> Suramin C854 854 primitive C0039267 Pharmacologic Substance Talc Inorganic Chemical Talc PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Finely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Talc C855 855 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Tamoxifen 180973 Organic Chemical C1610 C0039286 tamoxifen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045576]]> Tamoxifen SY DTP NSC0180973]]> Tamoxifen PT NCI]]> Tamoxifen OC CADSR]]> Tamoxifen Citrate PT NCI]]> Zemide FB NCI]]> Tamoxifeni Citras. SY NCI]]> TAM AB CADSR]]> TAMOXIFEN SY DTP NSC0180973]]> Nourytam FB NCI]]> Nolvadex SY DTP NSC0180973]]> Nolvadex BR NCI]]> Tamoxasta FB NCI]]> Tamofen FB NCI]]> Tamizam FB NCI]]> Tamifen FB NCI]]> Tamaxin FB NCI]]> Tamax FB NCI]]> (Z)-2-[4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine citrate SY NCI]]> (Z)-2-[4(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)-phenoxyl]-N,N-dimethylethanamine SY NCI]]> ICI-46474 CN NCI]]> ICI 46,474 SY NCI]]> Genox FB NCI]]> Fentamox FB NCI]]> Estroxyn FB NCI]]> Emblon FB NCI]]> Ebefen FB NCI]]> Dignotamoxi FB NCI]]> Clonoxifen FB NCI]]> Soltamox FB NCI]]> Oncotam FB NCI]]> Oestrifen FB NCI]]> Noxitem AQ NCI]]> Novofen FB NCI]]> Novaldex SY NCI]]> Dignotamoxi Clonoxifen Apo-Tamox ICI-46474 Kessar Lesporene Nolgen Nolvadex Noxitem Tamoxifen Tamoxasta Tamofen Tamizam Tamifen Tamaxin Tamax TAM Soltamox Novaldex Novofen Nourytam Noltam Neophedan Ledertam Jenoxifen 1-p-beta-dimethylamino-ethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene (Z)-2-[4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine citrate (Z)-2-[4(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)-phenoxyl]-N,N-dimethylethanamine Zemide Tamoxifeni Citras. Tamoxifen citrate Tamoxifen Citrate Oncotam Oestrifen ICI 46,474 Genox Fentamox Estroxyn Emblon Ebefen MSH2002_06_01 One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS, it is agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but antagonist in mammary and uterine tissues.]]> NCI An antineoplastic estrogen receptor antagonist, which decreases DNA synthesis and inhibits estrogen effects through competitive binding of estrogen receptors on tumors and other target tissues. Current use: palliative or adjunctive treatment of advanced breast cancer.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiestrogens. Tamoxifen blocks the effects of the hormone estrogen in the body. It is used to prevent or delay the return of breast cancer or to control its spread.]]> NCI Tamoxifen citrate. Tamoxifen citrate blocks the effects of the hormone estrogen in the body. It is used to prevent or delay the return of breast cancer or to control its spread. Also called Nolvadex.]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Breast Tamoxifen citrate SY DTP NSC0180973]]> Noltam FB NCI]]> Nolgen FB NCI]]> Neophedan SY DTP NSC0039458]]> Neophedan FB NCI]]> Lesporene FB NCI]]> Ledertam FB NCI]]> Kessar FB NCI]]> Jenoxifen FB NCI]]> Apo-Tamox FB NCI]]> 1-p-beta-dimethylamino-ethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene SY NCI]]> TAM AB NCI]]> Tamoxifen C856 856 primitive Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0039419 Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045558]]> Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid SY NCI]]> Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A radiolabeled substance that is used to help identify sites of tumor development.]]> Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid MSH2002_06_01 A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.]]> Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid C857 857 primitive 122819 Teniposide Pharmacologic Substance C0039512 Carbohydrate teniposide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046766]]> [5R-[5Alpha,5a beta,8a alpha, 9beta(R*)]]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-9-[[4,6-O-(2-thienylmethylene)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]furo[3',4':6,7]-naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one SY NCI]]> VM-26 CN NCI]]> Vehem FB NCI]]> Teniposide SY DTP NSC0122819]]> 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-Thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) SY NCI]]> EPT AB NCI]]> PTG AB NCI]]> Thenvlidene-Lignan-P SY NCI]]> [5R-[5Alpha,5a beta,8a alpha, 9beta(R*)]]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-9-[[4,6-O-(2-thienylmethylene)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]furo[3',4':6,7]-naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that is a podophyllotoxin derivative and belongs to the family of drugs called mitotic inhibitors.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.]]> NCI Topoisomerase II inhibitor with antitumor activity. Acts by stabilizing an intermediate in the Topoisomerase II reaction without DNA intercalation.]]> Vumon SY DTP NSC0122819]]> Vumon BR NCI]]> Vehem SY DTP NSC0122819]]> VM-26 PT NCI]]> VM 26 SY DTP NSC0122819]]> VM-26 Thenylidene-Lignan-P PTG EPT 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-Thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-thenylidine Glucoside NSC-122819 Thenvlidene-Lignan-P VM 26 Vumon Vehem Teniposide PT NCI]]> NSC-122819 CN NCI]]> 4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-thenylidine Glucoside SY NCI]]> TENIPOSIDE SY DTP NSC0122819]]> Thenylidene-Lignan-P SY NCI]]> Teniposide C858 858 primitive Organic Chemical Antibiotic Tenuazonic Acid C0039531 Tenuazonic acid SY DTP NSC0638261]]> Tenuazonic Acid PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.]]> Tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic Acid C859 859 primitive C0039536 Teratogen Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Teratogen PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.]]> Teratogen C860 860 primitive Organic Chemical C0039561 Terpene Compound Terpene Compound PT NCI]]> NCI The class of compound known as terpenes comprise of essential oils, flavours and fragrances. The extraction and synthesis of compounds such as these is the basis for the perfumery industry. They find a variety of uses in the food and pharmaceutical industry as flavour and odour improvers]]> CSP2002 family of linear, cyclic, and bicyclic C(10)H(16) hydrocarbons with methylated double bonds at every 4th position; isoprene dimer; the basic structural unit of vitamins A, E, and K, and cholesterol and other steroids.]]> Terpenes Terpene Compound C861 861 primitive Testolactone (Therapeutic) Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Testolactone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> SQ-9538 CN NCI]]> Teslac SY DTP NSC0023759]]> Teslac BR NCI]]> Delta-1-testololactone SY NCI]]> 1-Dehydrotestololactone SY NCI]]> 17Alpha-oxo-D-homo-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione SY NCI]]> Delta 1-Testolactone SY NCI]]> NSC-23759 CN NCI]]> 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,7,9,10,10a-Decahydro-2-hydroxy-2,4b-dimethyl-7-oxo-1-phenanthrenepropionic Acid Delta-lactone D-Homo-17a-oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione Delta-1-testololactone NSC-23759 SQ 9538 SQ-9538 Teslac MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.]]> NCI A synthetic testosterone derivative that inhibits steroid aromatase and blocks synthesis of estrogen from testosterone or androstenedione. Clinical Use: Breast Cancer.(NCI)]]> Fludestrin Delta 1-Testolactone 17Alpha-oxo-D-homo-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione 13-Hydroxy-3-0x0-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic Acid Delta-lactone 1-Dehydrotestololactone Fludestrin SY DTP NSC0023759]]> D-Homo-17a-oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione SY NCI]]> 13-Hydroxy-3-0x0-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic Acid Delta-lactone SY NCI]]> 1,2,3,4,4a,4b,7,9,10,10a-Decahydro-2-hydroxy-2,4b-dimethyl-7-oxo-1-phenanthrenepropionic Acid Delta-lactone SY NCI]]> Fludestrin SY NCI]]> SQ 9538 SY DTP NSC0023759]]> Testolactone (Therapeutic) C862 862 primitive Steroid Hormone C0039601 Testosterone (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance Virosterone FB NCI]]> Trans-Testosterone SY NCI]]> Testostroval BR NCI]]> Testosterone (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> (17Beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one SY NCI]]> Malogen SY DTP NSC0009701]]> Testolin BR NCI]]> Testostroval SY DTP NSC0017591]]> NCI An androgenic anabolic steroid generally administered as an ester derivative and indicated for the use as a testosterone replacement in hypogonadal males, delayed puberty, and metastatic mammary cancer.]]> Mertestate Delta4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-one (17Beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one Malogen Testoderm Testosterone Testostroval-PA Trans-Testosterone Virosterone Testro AQ Testostroval Testolin Testro AQ BR NCI]]> Testostroval-PA BR NCI]]> Mertestate SY DTP NSC0009700]]> Delta4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-one SY NCI]]> Malogen BR NCI]]> Mertestate FB NCI]]> Testoderm BR NCI]]> Testosterone (Therapeutic) C863 863 primitive Steroid Testosterone Propionate Pharmacologic Substance C0039607 neo-Hombreol SY DTP NSC0009166]]> Testoviron (amps) FB NCI]]> Virormone FB NCI]]> Testex SY DTP NSC0009166]]> Synerone SY DTP NSC0009166]]> Testosterone propionate SY DTP NSC0009166]]> Virormone SY DTP NSC0009700]]> Anertan FB NCI]]> Enarmon SY DTP NSC0009166]]> neo-Hombreol Testosterone Propionate PT NCI]]> Testex BR NCI]]> Synerone BR NCI]]> Perandren (Amp.) FB NCI]]> Oreton BR NCI]]> Orchisterone-P FB NCI]]> Neo-Hombreol SY DTP NSC0009166]]> Neo-Hombreol FB NCI]]> Testex Perandren (Amp.) Orchisterone-P Enarmon Anertan Neo-Hombreol Oreton Synerone Testosterone propionate Virormone Testoviron (amps) Enarmon FB NCI]]> Testosterone Propionate C864 864 primitive C0039635 Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin PT NCI]]> TCDD AB NCI]]> NCI 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. A contaminant of 2,4,5-T believed to have teratogenic effects. (from MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.]]> TCDD CSP2002 class of aromatic 6-membered rings with 2 oxygens and 4 carbons; common name for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodiabenzo-p-dioxin, a toxic trace contaminant found in 2,4,5-T and related herbicides.]]> Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin C865 865 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Tetracycline Antibiotic C0039644 tetracycline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045448]]> Achromycin SY DTP NSC0108579]]> Achromycin BR NCI]]> NCI 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4A,5,5A,6,11,12A-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12A-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis. (from MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.]]> Tetracycline PT NCI]]> TCN AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens, but used mostly in synthetic form. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis.]]> Achromycin TCN Tetracycline C866 866 primitive C0039654 Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate PT NCI]]> Phorbol Myristate Acetate SY NCI]]> 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate SY NCI]]> PMA AB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS TPA. A drug that is being studied as a treatment for hematologic cancer.]]> NCI-GLOSS 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. A drug that is being studied as a treatment for hematologic cancer.]]> 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate PMAS PMA Phorbol Myristate Acetate MSH2002_06_01 A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.]]> 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046763]]> TPA PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044864]]> PMAS SY DTP NSC0061321]]> Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate C867 867 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Dronabinol Organic Chemical C0039663 dronabinol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045240]]> Tetrahydrocannabinol SY NCI]]> SP-104 CN NCI]]> SP 104 SY DTP NSC0134454]]> Cannabinol SY DTP NSC0134455]]> (-)-.DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol SY DTP NSC0134454]]> Abbott 40566 SY DTP NSC0134454]]> Dronabinol PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-THC.]]> Marinol Cannabinol (-)-.delta.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (-)-.DELTA.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Abbott 40566 Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol SP 104 SP-104 Tetrahydrocannabinol NCI-GLOSS A synthetic pill form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active ingredient in marijuana that is used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.]]> Cannabinol SY NCI]]> (-)-.delta.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol SY DTP NSC0134454]]> Abbott 40566 CN NCI]]> Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol SY NCI]]> Marinol BR NCI]]> Tetrahydrocannabinol SY DTP NSC0134454]]> Dronabinol C868 868 primitive C0039677 Tetrahydrouridine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Tetrahydrouridine SY DTP NSC0112907]]> Tetrahydrouridine PT NCI]]> NSC 112907 CN NCI]]> 2(1H)-pyrimidinone, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- SY NCI]]> 2(1H)-pyrimidinone, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- NSC 112907 Tetrahydrouridine MSH2002_06_01 An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.]]> Tetrahydrouridine C869 869 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Thalicarpine Organic Chemical C0039735 [S-(R*,R*)]-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)-methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline SY NCI]]> Thalicarpine SY DTP NSC0068075]]> Thalicarpin SY NCI]]> Thalicarpine PT NCI]]> 6a.alpha.-Aporphine, 9-[[4,5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-((S)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1, 2,10-trimethoxy- SY DTP NSC0068075]]> 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy-6-methyl- SY DTP NSC0068075]]> 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 9-[4, 5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-, [S-(R*,R*)]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0068075]]> 6a.Alpha.-aporphine, 9-[[4, 5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1.beta.,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy- (8CI) SY NCI]]> CAS 5373422 CN NCI]]> Taliblastine Thalicarpin Thalicarpine [S-(R*,R*)]-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)-methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline NCI Plant alkaloid possessing antiproliferative and antitumor activities.]]> Thalicarpin SY DTP NSC0068075]]> Thaliblastine SY NCI]]> Taliblastine SY NCI]]> NSC 68075 SY DTP NSC0068075]]> Thaliblastine THALICARPINE CAS 5373422 6a.alpha.-Aporphine, 9-[[4, 5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1.beta.,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy- (8CI) 6a.Alpha.-aporphine, 9-[[4,5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-((S)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1, 2,10-trimethoxy- 6a.Alpha.-aporphine, 9-[[4, 5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1.beta.,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy- (8CI) 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 9-[4, 5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-, [S-(R*,R*)]- (9CI) 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 9-[4, 5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-, [S-(R*,R*)]- (9CI) 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl- 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy-6-methyl- 6a.alpha.-Aporphine, 9-[[4,5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-((S)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1, 2,10-trimethoxy- NSC 68075 6a.alpha.-Aporphine, 9-[[4, 5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-(1.beta.,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1,2, 10-trimethoxy- (8CI) SY DTP NSC0068075]]> 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 9-[4, 5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-, [S-(R*,R*)]- (9CI) SY NCI]]> 4H-Dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 5,6,6a, 7-tetrahydro-9-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6, 7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolinyl)methyl]phenoxy]-1,2,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl- SY NCI]]> 6a.Alpha.-aporphine, 9-[[4,5-dimethoxy-.alpha.-((S)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1-isoquinolyl)-o-tolyl]oxy]-1, 2,10-trimethoxy- SY NCI]]> NSC 68075 CN NCI]]> THALICARPINE SY DTP NSC0068075]]> Thaliblastine SY DTP NSC0068075]]> Thalicarpine C870 870 primitive 66847 C0039736 C568 Thalidomide Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance thalidomide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045458]]> Thalomid BR NCI]]> Talimol FB NCI]]> Thalidomide SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Talimol SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Softenon SY DTP NSC0066847]]> N-Phthaloylglutamimide SY NCI]]> N-Phthalylglutamic acid imide SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Pantosediv FB NCI]]> 2,6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine SY NCI]]> 2, 6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine SY DTP NSC0066847]]> .alpha.-Phthalimidoglutarimide SY DTP NSC0066847]]> (-)-Thalidomide SY DTP NSC0091730]]> (+)-Thalidomide SY DTP NSC0091729]]> Sedalis AQ NCI]]> Phthalimide, N-(2, 6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-, (-)- SY DTP NSC0091730]]> Phthalimide, N-(2, 6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-, (+)- SY DTP NSC0091729]]> Pantosediv SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Thalomid NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It prevents the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A pharmaceutical agent originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market because of its known tetratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Inhibition of angiogenesis and TNF production]]> Softenon FB NCI]]> N-Phthaloylglutamimide SY DTP NSC0066847]]> N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl)phthalimide SY NCI]]> N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl)phthalimide SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Kevadon SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Kevadon FB NCI]]> Distaval SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Distaval FB NCI]]> Contergan SY DTP NSC0066847]]> Contergan FB NCI]]> Alpha-Phthalimidoglutarimide SY NCI]]> 3-Phthalimidoglutarimide SY NCI]]> 2-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione SY NCI]]> N-Phthalylglutamic Acid Imide N-Phthaloylglutamimide N-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidyl)phthalimide Kevadon Sedalis Talimol Synovir Softenon Sedoval K-17 Distaval Contergan Alpha-Phthalimidoglutarimide 3-Phthalimidoglutarimide 2-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione 2,6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine 2, 6-Dioxo-3-phthalimidopiperidine .alpha.-Phthalimidoglutarimide (-)-Thalidomide (+)-Thalidomide Phthalimide, N-(2, 6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-, (-)- Phthalimide, N-(2, 6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-, (+)- Pantosediv Neurosedyn N-Phthalylglutamic acid imide Neurosedyn FB NCI]]> N-Phthalylglutamic Acid Imide SY NCI]]> Sedoval K-17 FB NCI]]> Thalidomide PT NCI]]> Synovir BR NCI]]> Thalidomide C871 871 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0039746 Thebaine Thebaine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)]]> Thebaine C872 872 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Theophylline Organic Chemical C0039771 C2964 2066 theophylline PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045358]]> Uniphyl BR NCI]]> Theophylline PT NCI]]> Theobid Duracap BR NCI]]> Theochron BR NCI]]> Constant-T BR NCI]]> Elixophyllin SY DTP NSC0002066]]> Respbid BR NCI]]> Slo-Phyllin BR NCI]]> Theobid Duracap Theo-24 T-Phyl Uniphyl CSP2002 1,3-dimethylxanthine.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to improve breathing in people who are short of breath. It belongs to the family of drugs called bronchodilators or respiratory smooth muscle relaxants.]]> Somophyllin-CRT BR NCI]]> Slo-bid BR NCI]]> Somophyllin-CRT Slo-bid Slo-Phyllin Respbid LaBID Elixophyllin Constant-T Somophyllin-T Theochron Respbid SY DTP NSC0002066]]> LaBID BR NCI]]> Elixophyllin BR NCI]]> Somophyllin-T BR NCI]]> Theo-24 BR NCI]]> THEOPHYLLINE SY DTP NSC0002066]]> T-Phyl BR NCI]]> Theophylline C873 873 primitive C0039832 Thiabendazole Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Thibenzole SY DTP NSC0090507]]> MK 360 SY DTP NSC0090507]]> MK-360 CN NCI]]> Mintezol SY DTP NSC0090507]]> Thiabendazole PT NCI]]> Mintezol BR NCI]]> MK-360 SY DTP NSC0090507]]> Thibenzole BR NCI]]> Thibenzole Mintezol MK 360 MK-360 MSH2002_06_01 2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis. It has CNS side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)]]> Thiabendazole C874 874 primitive Vitamin Thiamine Organic Chemical C0039840 Vitamin-B1 SY NCI]]> B1 Vitamin SY NCI]]> Thiamin SY NCI]]> Vitamin B1 SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.]]> Vitamin-B1 Vitamin B1 Vit B1 Thiamin B1 Vitamin CSP2002 water soluble B vitamin with a structure consisting of substituted pyrimidine and thiazolium rings linked by a methylene group; deficiency causes beriberi.]]> NCI thiamin. A heat-labile and water-soluble vitamin contained in milk, yeast, synthesized; in the germ and husk of grains, also artificially synthesized; essential for growth; a deficiency of thiamin is associated with beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome. SYN aneurine, antiberiberi factor, antiberiberi vitamin, antineuritic factor, antineuritic vitamin, thiamine, vitamin B1.]]> Vit B1 AB NCI]]> Thiamine PT NCI]]> Thiamine C875 875 primitive 6396 Thiotepa Pharmacologic Substance C0039871 Organophosphorus Compound tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide SY NCI]]> 1,1',1"-phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine SY NCI]]> 1,1',1''-Phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine SY DTP NSC0006396]]> CAS 52-24-4 CN NCI]]> N,N', N''-Triethylenethiophosphoramide SY DTP NSC0006396]]> NSC 6396 SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Onco Tiotepa FB NCI]]> Oncotiotepa SY DTP NSC0006396]]> STEPA SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Tifosyl BR NCI]]> Thiotepa SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thiotepa PT NCI]]> TSPA SY DTP NSC0006396]]> TSPA AB NCI]]> TIO TEF SY DTP NSC0006396]]> THIO-TEPA PT NCI]]> TESPA SY DTP NSC0006396]]> TESPA AB NCI]]> Thiofozil SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thiofozil BR NCI]]> Thiofosfamide SY NCI]]> Thio-tepa SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thio-Tepa SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thio-Tepa BR NCI]]> Tespamine SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Tespamine FB NCI]]> Tespamin SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Tespamin FB NCI]]> Tespa SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Triethylenethiophosphoramide SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Triethylene thiophosphoramide SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Triethylene Thiophosphoramide SY NCI]]> Tio-tef SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Tio-TEF BR NCI]]> Tifosyl SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thiotef Thioplex Thiophosphoramide Thiophosphamide tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide MSH2002_06_01 A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide SY DTP NSC0006396]]> triethylenethiophosphoramide SY NCI]]> CAS 52-24-4 1,1',1''-Phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine 1,1',1"-phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine TIO TEF THIO-TEPA TESPA STEPA Oncotiotepa Onco Tiotepa WR 45312 Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide triethylenethiophosphoramide Thiofozil Thiofosfamide Thio-tepa Thio-Tepa Tespamine Tespamin Tespa TSPA N,N', N''-Triethylenethiophosphoramide Ledertepa Girostan NSC-6396 NSC 6396 N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide Triethylenethiophosphoramide Triethylene Thiophosphoramide Tio-tef Tio-TEF Tifosyl WR 45312 CN NCI]]> thiotepa PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045603]]> Thiotef SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Thiotef BR NCI]]> Thioplex BR NCI]]> Thiophosphoramide SY NCI]]> Thiophosphamide SY NCI]]> Thiophosphamide SY DTP NSC0006396]]> STEPA BR NCI]]> Oncotiotepa FB NCI]]> NSC-6396 CN NCI]]> N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide SY NCI]]> Ledertepa FB NCI]]> Girostan SY DTP NSC0006396]]> Girostan BR NCI]]> Thiotepa C876 876 primitive 752 C640 Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Thioguanine C0039902 thioguanine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046765]]> 2-Amino 6MP SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Amino 6MP SY NCI]]> 2-Amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione SY NCI]]> 2-Amino-6-purinethiol SY NCI]]> 2-Aminopurin-6-thiol SY NCI]]> 2-Aminopurine-6(1H)-thione SY NCI]]> 2-Aminopurine-6-thiol SY NCI]]> 6 Mercaptoguanine SY NCI]]> Wellcome U3B CN NCI]]> WR-1141 CN NCI]]> Tioguanine SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Tioguanine BR NCI]]> Tioguanin SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Tioguanin FB NCI]]> Thioguanine SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Thioguanine PT NCI]]> Tabloid SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Tabloid BR NCI]]> NSC 752 SY DTP NSC0000752]]> NSC 752 CN NCI]]> Lanvis SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Lanvis FB NCI]]> CAS 154-42-7 CN NCI]]> BW 5071 SY DTP NSC0000752]]> BW 5071 CN NCI]]> 6H-Purine-6-thione, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- (9CI) SY NCI]]> 6H-Purine-6-thione, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 6-Thioguanine SY NCI]]> 6-TG AB NCI]]> 6-Mercaptoguanine SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 6-Mercapto-2-aminopurine SY NCI]]> 6-Mercapto-2-aminopurine SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 6-Amino-2-mercaptopurine SY DTP NSC0052758]]> 6 Thioguanine SY NCI]]> 2-Amino 6MP CAS 154-42-7 BW 5071 6H-Purine-6-thione, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- (9CI) 6-Thioguanine 6-TG 6-Mercaptoguanine 6-Mercapto-2-aminopurine 6-Amino-2-mercaptopurine Wellcome U3B WR-1141 NSC 752 Lanvis Tabloid Tioguanin Tioguanine 6 Mercaptoguanine 2-Mercapto-6-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine-6-thiol 2-Aminopurine-6(1H)-thione 2-Aminopurin-6-thiol 2-Amino-6-purinethiol 2-Amino-6-mercaptopurine 2-Amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione 6 Thioguanine X 27 CSP2002 thioguanine is USP.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> X 27 CN NCI]]> Wellcome U3B SY DTP NSC0000752]]> X 27 SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Mercapto-6-aminopurine SY DTP NSC0052758]]> 2-Aminopurine-6-thiol SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Aminopurine-6(1H)-thione SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Aminopurin-6-thiol SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Amino-6-purinethiol SY DTP NSC0000752]]> 2-Amino-6-mercaptopurine SY NCI]]> 2-Amino-6-mercaptopurine SY DTP NSC0000752]]> Thioguanine C877 877 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Thioinosine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0039904 ribosyl-6-mercaptopurine SY NCI]]> 6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside SY DTP NSC0004911]]> 6-Mercaptopurine riboside SY DTP NSC0004911]]> Mercaptopurine Riboside SY NCI]]> 6-mercaptopurine riboside SY NCI]]> 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside SY NCI]]> NSC 4911 SY DTP NSC0004911]]> Thioinosine PT NCI]]> Thioinosine SY DTP NSC0004911]]> NSC 4911 Mercaptopurine Riboside 6-mercaptopurine riboside 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside 6-Mercaptopurine riboside 6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside ribosyl-6-mercaptopurine MSH2002_06_01 Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)]]> NCI A sulfhydryl analog of inosine that inhibits nucleotide transport and exhibits immunosuppressive activity. Clinical Use: Leukemia.(NCI)]]> Thioinosine NSC-4911 inosine, 6-thio inosine, 6-thio SY NCI]]> NSC-4911 CN NCI]]> Thioinosine C878 878 primitive C0040052 Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Biologically Active Substance Pharmacologic Substance rhTPO AB NCI]]> Recombinant Human TPO SY NCI]]> Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin PT NCI]]> Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor SY NCI]]> NCI Thrombopoietin is a lineage-restricted, glycoprotein growth factor ligand for the MPL receptor with selective action on megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. THPO has little direct effect on erythroid progenitor cells but may enhance erythropoiesis indirectly by preventing early erythroid progenitor cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. (from OMIM 600044 and NCI)]]> rhTPO C-MPL Ligand Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor Recombinant Human TPO MSH2002_06_01 A humoral factor that controls blood platelet production through stimulation of megakaryocyte populations. Bone marrow megakaryocytes increase in both size and number in response to exposure to thrombopoietin.]]> C-MPL Ligand SY NCI]]> Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin C879 879 primitive Eicosanoid C0040061 Thromboxane Thromboxane PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.]]> Thromboxane C880 880 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Thymidine 21548 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0040077 C216 thymidine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045241]]> 2'-Deoxythymidine SY DTP NSC0021548]]> Thymidin SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxythymidine SY NCI]]> TdR AB NCI]]> DThyd SY DTP NSC0021548]]> Thymidine PT NCI]]> Thymidine Deoxyriboside 2'-Deoxythymidine Thymidin TdR DThyd NCI-GLOSS A chemical compound found in DNA. Also used as treatment for mucositis.]]> Thymidine Deoxyriboside SY NCI]]> DThyd AB NCI]]> Thymidin SY DTP NSC0021548]]> Thymidine C881 881 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Biologically Active Substance Thymine C0040087 Thymine PT NCI]]> THYMINE SY DTP NSC0014705]]> CSP2002 2,4-diketo-5-methylpyrimidine; one of the 5 major bases (with adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil) found in nucleic acids.]]> THYMINE Thymine C882 882 primitive Hormone C0040105 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Thymopoietin Thymopoietin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Two closely related polypeptides (molecular weight 7,000) isolated from the thymus gland. These hormones induce the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes within the thymus. They also cause a delayed impairment of neuromuscular transmission in vivo and are therefore believed to be the agent responsible for myasthenia gravis.]]> Thymopoietin C883 883 primitive C0040106 Pharmacologic Substance Thymosin (Recombinant) Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Thymosin SY NCI]]> Thymosin (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> Thymosin MSH2002_06_01 Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.]]> Thymosin (Recombinant) C884 884 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein CL054795 Thyroglobulin (Therapeutic) thyroglobulin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044556]]> TG (Therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Thyroglobulin SY NCI]]> Thyroglobulin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> CSP2002 intracellular iodoglycoprotein precursor of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.]]> TG (Therapeutic) Thyroglobulin NCI-GLOSS (THIGH-roe-GLOB-yu-lin) The form that thyroid hormone takes when stored in the cells of the thyroid. If the thyroid has been removed, thyroglobulin should not show up on a blood test. Doctors measure thyroglobulin level in blood to detect thyroid cancer cells that remain in the body after treatment.]]> Thyroglobulin (Therapeutic) C885 885 primitive C0040125 Pharmacologic Substance Antithyroid Agent Antithyroid Agent PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Agents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.]]> Antithyroid Agent C886 886 primitive Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Thyroid Hormone C0040135 thyroid hormone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044558]]> Thyroid Hormone PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.]]> NCI Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. (MSH98)]]> NCI-GLOSS The thyroid gland makes T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which together are considered thyroid hormone. T3 and T4 have identical effects on cells. Thyroid hormone affects heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight. T3 and T4 are stored as thyroglobulin, which can be converted back into T3 and T4.]]> Thyroid Hormone C887 887 primitive CL054786 Pharmacologic Substance Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Recombinant) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044559]]> Thyroid Stimulating Hormone SY NCI]]> TSH (recombinant) AB NCI]]> Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.]]> TSH (recombinant) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Thyrotropin NCI-GLOSS TSH. A hormone produced by the pituitary gland. TSH stimulates the release of thyroid hormone from thyroglobulin. It also stimulates the growth of thyroid follicular cells. An abnormal TSH level may mean that the thyroid hormonal regulation system is out of control, usually as a result of a benign condition (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism).]]> NCI A peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It promotes the growth of the thyroid gland and stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormones and the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.]]> Thyrotropin SY NCI]]> Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Recombinant) C888 888 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Hormone C0040165 Levothyroxine (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Thyroxine PT NCI]]> (-)-Thyroxine SY DTP NSC0036397]]> L-Thyroxine SY NCI]]> Levothyroxine Sodium SY NCI]]> Sodium levothyroxine SY DTP NSC0259940]]> Levothyroxine SY NCI]]> Levothyroxine sodium SY DTP NSC0259940]]> Levothyroxine (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.]]> Sodium levothyroxine Levothyroxine sodium (-)-Thyroxine L-Thyroxine Levothyroxine Levothyroxine Sodium Thyroxine Levothyroxine (Therapeutic) C889 889 primitive C0040193 Organic Chemical Ticarcillin Antibiotic Ticarcillin PT NCI]]> Ticar BR NCI]]> Ticar MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.]]> Ticarcillin C890 890 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0040263 Tinidazole tinidazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046153]]> Tinidazole PT NCI]]> Simplotan FB NCI]]> Fasigyn BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat protozoal infections, such as amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. It belongs to a family of drugs called antiprotozoal agents. Tinidazole is also being evaluated in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections in people with low-grade gastric lymphoma.]]> Simplotan Fasigyn MSH2002_06_01 A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections.]]> Tinidazole C891 891 primitive C0040329 Plant Tobacco Tobacco PT NCI]]> TOBC AB CADSR]]> Tobacco OC CADSR]]> TOBC MSH2002_06_01 The toxic solanaceous American plant Nicotiana tabacum. It yields NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for smoking.]]> NCI The toxic solanaceous American plant Nicotiana tabacum. It yields NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for smoking. (MSH2002)]]> Tobacco C892 892 primitive Substance Smokeless Tobacco C0040338 Smoking, Tobacco and Cancer - Smokeless Tobacco SY NCI]]> Smokeless Tobacco SY RAEB-2]]> Smokeless Tobacco PT NCI]]> NCI The powdered leaves of Nicotiana tabacum which are either inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked. (MSH98)]]> CSP2002 tobacco whose use does not produce smoke; associated with increased risk of oral cancer.]]> NCI RAEB: Chewing tobacco, snuff. Also code SIC 2. Use site 0700 (head and neck) unless a more specific site is indicated in the text. (NCI)]]> MSH2002_06_01 The powdered leaves of Nicotiana tabacum which are either inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.]]> Smoking, Tobacco and Cancer - Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco C893 893 primitive C0040341 Carbohydrate Antibiotic Tobramycin Tobrex BR NCI]]> TOBRAMYCIN SY DTP NSC0180514]]> Tobramycin PT NCI]]> Tobrex TOBRAMYCIN MSH2002_06_01 An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the Pseudomonas species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.]]> Tobramycin C894 894 primitive Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Toxin C0040549 toxins PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046622]]> Toxin PT NCI]]> NCI toxin. A noxious or poisonous substance that is formed or elaborated either as an integral part of the cell or tissue, as an extracellular product (exotoxin), or as a combination of the two, during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species. (STED98)]]> NCI-GLOSS Poisons produced by certain animals, plants, or bacteria.]]> Toxins CSP2002 a poison, usually protein, produced by higher plants, animals, or microorganisms that is toxic to other living organisms.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals.]]> Toxin C895 895 primitive C0040563 Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Chromomycin A3 Antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus SY NCI]]> Antibiotic B 599 SY NCI]]> Aburamycin B SY NCI]]> Antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus SY DTP NSC0058514]]> Aburamycin B SY DTP NSC0058514]]> TOYOMYCIN SY DTP NSC0058514]]> Toyomycin SY DTP NSC0058514]]> NSC 58514 CN NCI]]> CAS 7059247 CN NCI]]> CAS 7059247 CHROMOMYCIN A3 Chromomycin A-3 NSC 58514 MSH2002_06_01 Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.]]> NCI a minor groove DNA binding agent. Reported to inhibit DNA-dependent RNA synthesis]]> NSC-58514 SY DTP NSC0058514]]> Chromomycin A3 PT NCI]]> CHROMOMYCIN A3 SY DTP NSC0058514]]> 3B-O-(4-O-Acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methylolivomycin D Toyomycin TOYOMYCIN Olivomycin D, 3B-O-(4-O-acetyl-2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-.alpha.-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methyl- (9CI) Olivomycin D, 3B-O-(4-O-Acetyl-2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-.alpha.-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methyl- (9CI) NSC-58514 Aburamycin B Antibiotic B 599 Antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus Chromomycin A-3 SY NCI]]> Olivomycin D, 3B-O-(4-O-Acetyl-2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-.alpha.-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methyl- (9CI) SY NCI]]> Olivomycin D, 3B-O-(4-O-acetyl-2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-.alpha.-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methyl- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0058514]]> Toyomycin SY NCI]]> 3B-O-(4-O-Acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-7-methylolivomycin D SY NCI]]> Chromomycin A3 C896 896 primitive C0040577 Element, Ion, or Isotope Trace Element trace element PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044573]]> Trace Element PT NCI]]> NCI an element that occurs at very small quantities in the body but is nonetheless important for many biological processes.]]> NCI-GLOSS A chemical found in very small amounts in a given substance. Organisms need certain trace elements to survive.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)]]> Trace Element C897 897 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0040688 Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> TGF A (Therapeutic) AB NCI]]> TGF-Alpha (Therapeutic) SY NCI]]> NCI A recombinant form of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha, a polypeptide growth factor involved with the growth and differentiation of epidermal and epithelial cells, playing a role in phenotypic transformation. It is structurally and functionally similar to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and binds to the same receptor.]]> Epidermal Growth Factor Related Transforming Growth Factor SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and binds to the EGF receptor. TGF-alpha acts synergistically with TGF-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown.]]> TGF A (Therapeutic) Epidermal Growth Factor Related Transforming Growth Factor TGF-Alpha (Therapeutic) Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) C898 898 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) C0040690 Biologically Active Substance Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> TGF-Beta (Therapeutic) SY NCI]]> Milk Growth Factor (Therapeutic) SY NCI]]> Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.]]> Milk Growth Factor (Therapeutic) TGF B (Therapeutic) Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor TGF-Beta (Therapeutic) NCI A cytokine factor synthesized in a variety of tissues including platelets, placenta, and both normal and transformed cell lines that has multifunctional properties including interfering with other cytokines. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing transformation and can act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta also has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as a homodimer of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1/2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2/3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. (MSH98, STED98)]]> TGF B (Therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (Therapeutic) C899 899 primitive C0040691 Pharmacologic Substance Transforming Growth Factor (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Tumor Growth Factors SY NCI]]> Transforming Growth Factor SY NCI]]> Transforming Growth Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> TGF AB NCI]]> TGF Transforming Growth Factor Tumor Growth Factors NCI Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. (MSH98)]]> MSH2002_06_01 Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.]]> Transforming Growth Factor (Therapeutic) C900 900 primitive 122758 C0040845 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Vitamin A Acid tretinoin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045351]]> trans-Retinoic Acid SY NCI]]> all-trans-Vitamin A acid SY DTP NSC0122758]]> all trans-Retinoic acid SY DTP NSC0122758]]> trans-Retinoic acid SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Vitamin A acid, all-trans- SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Eudyna SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Retin-A SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Ro 5488 CN NCI]]> Aberel SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Aberel BR NCI]]> ATRA OC CADSR]]> ATRA AB NCI]]> ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID PT NCI]]> Tretinoinum SY NCI]]> Tretinoin SY NCI]]> Trans Vitamin A Acid SY NCI]]> Trans Retinoic Acid SY NCI]]> all-trans-Retinoic acid SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Vitamin A acid SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Vitamin A Acid PT NCI]]> Eudyna FB NCI]]> Epi-Aberel FB NCI]]> Dermairol SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Dermairol FB NCI]]> Cordes Vas FB NCI]]> All-trans-vitamin A Acid SY NCI]]> All-trans Vitamin A Acid SY NCI]]> All-trans Retinoic Acid SY NCI]]> 2,4,6,8-Nonatetraenoic acid, 3, 7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)- SY DTP NSC0122758]]> (All-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid SY NCI]]> Aknoten SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Aknoten BR NCI]]> Airol SY DTP NSC0122758]]> Airol FB NCI]]> 2,4,6,8-Nonatetraenoic acid, 3, 7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)- (All-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid Eudyna Epi-Aberel Dermairol Cordes Vas All-trans-vitamin A Acid All-trans Vitamin A Acid All-trans Retinoic Acid all-trans-Vitamin A acid trans-Retinoic Acid all-trans-Retinoic acid Vitamin A acid, all-trans- Vesanoid Tretinoinum Tretinoin Trans Vitamin A Acid Trans Retinoic Acid Ro 5488 Retinoic Acid Retin-A Aberel ATRA ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID Aknoten Airol Vitamin A acid all trans-Retinoic acid trans-Retinoic acid NCI-GLOSS A drug that belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. It is used in the treatment of acne and is being studied in cancer prevention.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An important regulator of gene expression, particularly during growth and development and in neoplasms. Retinoic acid derived from maternal vitamin A is essential for normal gene expression during embryonic development and either a deficiency or an excess can be teratogenic. It is also a topical dermatologic agent which is used in the treatment of psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia.]]> NCI An important regulator of gene expression, particularly during growth and development and in neoplasms. Retinoic acid derived from maternal vitamin A is essential for normal gene expression during embryonic development and either a deficiency or an excess can be teratogenic. It is also a topical dermatologic agent which is used in the treatment of psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia. (MSH98)]]> Retinoic Acid SY NCI]]> Retin-A BR NCI]]> Vesanoid BR NCI]]> Vitamin A Acid C901 901 primitive C0040864 Steroid Triamcinolone Pharmacologic Substance Triamcinolone SY DTP NSC0013397]]> Triamcinolone PT NCI]]> Nasacort BR NCI]]> triamcinolone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045206]]> NCI-GLOSS (try-am-SIN-oh-lone) A substance that is being studied for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer. It is an anti-inflammatory drug that is applied to the skin to relieve irritation, rashes, and infections. It belongs to the family of drugs called topical corticosteroids.]]> Triamcinolone Nasacort Aristocort MSH2002_06_01 A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)]]> Aristocort BR NCI]]> Aristocort SY DTP NSC0013397]]> Triamcinolone C902 902 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0040875 Triazene Compound Triazene Compounds SY NCI]]> Triazene Compound PT NCI]]> NCI An organic compound having hydrogen and at least two directly attached nitrogen atoms, which are attached by double or triple bonds. Current use: radiation sensitive agents, ant-tumor agents, organic dye, and herbicides. (NCI)]]> Triazene Compounds Triazene Compound C903 903 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Triaziquone Organic Chemical C0040878 Triaziquone SY DTP NSC0029215]]> Triaziquone PT NCI]]> Triaziquone MSH2002_06_01 Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.]]> Triaziquone C904 904 primitive C0040979 Trifluoperazine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Trifluoperazine PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.]]> Trifluoperazine C905 905 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Trifluridine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0040987 Trifluridine PT NCI]]> Triflorothymidine SY NCI]]> Triflorothymidine MSH2002_06_01 An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)]]> Trifluridine C906 906 primitive C0041004 Triglycerides Lipid Triglycerides PT NCI]]> TG AB CADSR]]> Triglyceride MQ CADSR]]> TG Triglyceride NCI fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule.]]> Triglycerides C907 907 primitive C0041014 Pharmacologic Substance Triiodothyronine (Therapeutic) Hormone Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein triiodothyronine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044431]]> Liothyronine SY NCI]]> Triiodothyronine SY NCI]]> T3 (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Triiodothyronine (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.]]> T3 (therapeutic) Liothyronine Triiodothyronine NCI-GLOSS A thyroid hormone. Also called liothyronine sodium or T-3.]]> Triiodothyronine (Therapeutic) C908 908 primitive 106568 C884 C0041041 Trimethoprim Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Trimpex SY DTP NSC0106568]]> Proloprim BR NCI]]> Proloprim SY DTP NSC0106568]]> TRIMETHOPRIM PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. The interference with folic acid metabolism may cause a depression of hematopoiesis. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.]]> Proloprim TRIMETHOPRIM Trimpex Trimpex BR NCI]]> Trimethoprim PT NCI]]> TRIMETHOPRIM SY DTP NSC0106568]]> Trimethoprim C909 909 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0041044 618652 Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046089]]> Trimezole SY NCI]]> Trimedin SY NCI]]> SMZ-TMP AB NCI]]> Centran SY NCI]]> Co-Trimoxazole SY DTP NSC0618652]]> Cotrimoxazole SY NCI]]> Insozalin SY NCI]]> Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole PT NCI]]> Centrin Centran CO-TRIMOXAZOLE (BACTRIM DS) Bactrim Trimezole MSH2002_06_01 This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS, but is the drug of choice for urinary infection.]]> NCI-GLOSS A combination of two anti-infection drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is used to fight bacterial and protozoal infections.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection and prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.]]> co-trimoxazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045244]]> TMP-SMX SMZ-TMP Trimedin Insozalin Eslectin Cotrimoxazole Cotrim Co-Trimoxazole TMP-SMX AB NCI]]> Eslectin SY NCI]]> Cotrim BR NCI]]> Centrin SY NCI]]> CO-TRIMOXAZOLE (BACTRIM DS) PT NCI]]> Bactrim SY DTP NSC0147832]]> Bactrim BR NCI]]> Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole C910 910 primitive C0041213 Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Trypan Blue C34H28N6O14S4 SY NCI]]> Trypan Blue PT NCI]]> NCI An acid azo dye commonly used as a stain to distinguish viable from non-viable cells. It turns dead cells blue and viable cells unstained. It is a known animal carcinogen and an experimental teratogen.]]> Trypan Blue C34H28N6O14S4 Benzamine Blue MSH2002_06_01 An azo that that is used in protozoal infections.]]> Trypan Blue SY DTP NSC0011247]]> Benzamine Blue SY DTP NSC0011247]]> Benzamine Blue SY NCI]]> Trypan Blue C911 911 primitive Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Antibiotic C0041286 Tubercidin U-10071 CN NCI]]> 4-Amino-7-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidine U-10071 U 10071 4-Amino-7.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo(2, 3-d)pyrimidine 4-amino-7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 7-Deazaadenosine 7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine 7-deazaadenosine 7H-Pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine, 4-amino-7.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl- 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, 4-amino-7-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl- TUBERCIDIN Tubercidin MSH2002_06_01 An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.]]> U 10071 SY DTP NSC0056408]]> Tubercidin SY DTP NSC0056408]]> TUBERCIDIN SY DTP NSC0056408]]> 7H-Pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine, 4-amino-7.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl- SY DTP NSC0056408]]> 7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine SY NCI]]> 7-Deazaadenosine SY DTP NSC0056408]]> 4-amino-7-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine SY NCI]]> 4-Amino-7.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo(2, 3-d)pyrimidine SY DTP NSC0056408]]> 4-Amino-7-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidine SY DTP NSC0056408]]> 7-deazaadenosine SY NCI]]> 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, 4-amino-7-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl- SY DTP NSC0056408]]> Tubercidin PT NCI]]> Tubercidin C912 912 primitive C0041361 Immunologic Factor Tumor Antigen tumor-specific antigen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044628]]> NCI 1. antigens that may be frequently associated with tumors or may be specifically found on tumor cells of the same origin (tumor specific); 2. tumor antigens may also be associated with replication and transformation by certain DNA tumor viruses, including adenoviruses and papovaviruses. Neoantigens. Any immunologically detectable marker whose presence or amount indicates the presence of a tumor.]]> NCI-GLOSS A protein or other molecule that is unique to cancer cells or is much more abundant in them. These molecules are usually found in the plasma (outer) membrane, and they are thought to be potential targets for immunotherapy or other types of anticancer treatment.]]> Tumor-Associated Antigen Tumor-Associated Antigen SY NCI]]> Tumor Antigen PT NCI]]> Tumor Antigen C913 913 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein 697068 C0041368 Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) Biologically Active Substance Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF-Alpha Cachectin TNFA Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha) MSH2002_06_01 Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share two receptors.]]> TNFA AB NCI]]> Cachectin SY NCI]]> TNF-Alpha SY NCI]]> NCI A serum glycoprotein polypeptide hormone less than 70 kD produced by endotoxin-activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes that has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases the ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. A type of biological response modifier able to modulate adipocyte metabolism, lyse tumor cells, and induce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain transplantable tumors. Use for basic or therapeutic studies.]]> Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha) PT NCI]]> Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Therapeutic) C914 914 primitive C0041370 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Tumor Promoter Tumor Promoter PT NCI]]> NCI An agent that acts at stage 2 of carcinogenesis, following the initiation of increased cell proliferation. It is a necessary step in overt tumor formation.]]> Tumor Promoter C915 915 primitive Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Tyrosine C0041485 Tyrosine PT NCI]]> TYR L-Tyrosine L-Tyrosine SY NCI]]> (.+-.)-Tyrosine SY DTP NSC0205006]]> MSH2002_06_01 A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE, THYROID HORMONES, and melanin.]]> (.+-.)-Tyrosine TYROSINE, (L) TYROSINE, (L) SY DTP NSC0009973]]> TYR SY NCI]]> Tyrosine C916 916 primitive C0041536 Pharmacologic Substance Coenzyme-Q Biologically Active Substance Organic Chemical Ubiquinone SY NCI]]> Coenzyme Q10 Co-Q10 Ubiquinone Coenzyme Q10 SY NCI]]> Coenzyme-Q PT NCI]]> NCI Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an indispensable cofactor in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, functioning as an electron carrier between the enzyme complexes of the respiratory chain. CoQ10 is also a lipid-soluble antioxidant that scavenges lipid radicals within biological membranes. (from Nutrition and Cancer 37(1):1-18, 2000 via Medscape)]]> CSP2002 family of isoprenoid quinones which serve as mitochondrial electron transport cofactors.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in electron transport in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.]]> Co-Q10 AB NCI]]> Coenzyme Q10 SY DTP NSC0140865]]> Coenzyme-Q C917 917 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance C0041917 Uracil Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide uracil PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045433]]> 2-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyrimidione 2,4-pyrimidinediol 2-hydroxy-4-(3H)-pyrimidione 2,4-dioxopyrimidine 2,4-Pyrimidinediol 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 2, 4-Dioxopyrimidine 4-hydroxy-2-(1H)-pyrimidione CSP2002 2,4-diketopyrimidine; one of the 5 major bases (with adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) which are a component of nucleic acids.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> 4-hydroxy-2-(1H)-pyrimidione SY NCI]]> 2-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyrimidione SY NCI]]> 2,4-pyrimidinediol SY NCI]]> 2, 4-Dioxopyrimidine SY DTP NSC0003970]]> 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione SY NCI]]> 2,4-dioxopyrimidine SY NCI]]> 2,4-Pyrimidinediol SY DTP NSC0003970]]> 2-hydroxy-4-(3H)-pyrimidione SY NCI]]> URACIL SY DTP NSC0003970]]> Uracil C918 918 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Uracil Mustard Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0041920 Uramustine SY NCI]]> U 8344 5-(bis-(2-Chloroethyl) Amino) Uracil 5-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil U-8344 Uramustine MSH2002_06_01 Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.]]> 5-(bis-(2-Chloroethyl) Amino) Uracil SY NCI]]> 5-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]uracil SY DTP NSC0034462]]> U-8344 CN NCI]]> Uramustine SY DTP NSC0034462]]> Uracil Mustard PT NCI]]> U 8344 SY DTP NSC0034462]]> U-8344 SY DTP NSC0034462]]> Uracil Mustard C919 919 primitive C0041942 Urea Organic Chemical Ureaphil SY DTP NSC0034375]]> UREA Elaqua XX Urea PT NCI]]> Ureaphil BR NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.]]> Urea Nitrogen Ureaphil Elaqua XX BR NCI]]> UREA SY DTP NSC0034375]]> Urea C920 920 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Urethan Organic Chemical C0041964 carbamic acid, ethyl ester SY NCI]]> Ethyl carbamate Urethane Urethan Ethyl urethan carbamic acid, ethyl ester Carbamic acid ethyl ester MSH2002_06_01 Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.]]> Urethan SY DTP NSC0000746]]> Ethyl urethan SY DTP NSC0000746]]> Ethyl Urethan Ethyl Carbamate Urethan PT NCI]]> Carbamic acid ethyl ester SY DTP NSC0000746]]> Ethyl Carbamate SY NCI]]> Ethyl carbamate SY DTP NSC0000746]]> Ethyl Urethan SY NCI]]> Urethane SY DTP NSC0000746]]> Urethane SY NCI]]> Urethan C921 921 primitive C0041983 Uricosuric Agent Pharmacologic Substance Uricosuric Agent PT NCI]]> Hyperuricaemia Agents SY NCI]]> Hyperuricaemia Agents MSH2002_06_01 Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.]]> Uricosuric Agent C922 922 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Uridine C0041984 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Uridine PT NCI]]> Urd NCI A nucleoside containing ribose and uracil. One of the pyrimidine precursors of ribonucleic acids.]]> Urd AB NCI]]> Uridine C923 923 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0042210 Vaccine vaccine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045938]]> VAC MSH2002_06_01 Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.]]> VAC AB CADSR]]> Vaccine PP CADSR]]> NCI Suspensions of killed or attentuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases or cancer. RAEB: Any aspect of vaccine research, development, testing, etc., for diseases other than AIDS. A vaccine must involve the administration of an antigen to induce an active and specific immune response. Induction of passive immunity does not constitute a vaccine although the term is sometimes misused for this process.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. A vaccine can help the body recognize and destroy cancer cells or microorganisms.]]> CSP2002 prophylactic injection or oral preparation given to produce immunity to pathogenic organisms.]]> Vaccine OC CADSR]]> Vaccine PT NCI]]> Vaccine C924 924 primitive C0042287 Mould Element Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic Valinomycin BR NCI]]> VALINOMYCIN Cyclododecadepespipeptide Neutral Ionophore Valinomycin MSH2002_06_01 A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.]]> VALINOMYCIN SY DTP NSC0122023]]> Mould Element PT NCI]]> Cyclododecadepespipeptide Neutral Ionophore SY NCI]]> Mould Element C925 925 primitive Antibiotic Vancomycin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0042313 vancomycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045246]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to fight resistant bacterial infections.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.]]> Vancocin Hydrochloride Vancocin Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Vancomycin PT NCI]]> Vancomycin C926 926 primitive C0042413 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Vasopressin (Therapeutic) Hormone Vasopressin SY NCI]]> Antidiuretic Hormone ADH (therapeutic) Vasopressin MSH2002_06_01 Octapeptide antidiuretic hormones released by the neurohypophysis of all vertebrates (chemical composition varies with species). They control water metabolism and balance by regulating lung, gill, kidney, etc., and water loss, and also contract smooth muscle. They may also be neurotransmitters. Also included are synthetic vasopressin derivatives. Vasopressins are used pharmacologically as renal agents, vasoconstrictor agents, and hemostatics.]]> NCI A nonapeptide hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary whose primary function is regulating extracellular fluid volume. It can also act as a vasoconstrictor, increasing blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance.]]> ADH (therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Vasopressin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Antidiuretic Hormone SY NCI]]> Vasopressin (Therapeutic) C927 927 primitive C0042444 Drug Vehicle Pharmacologic Substance Chemical Viewed Functionally Drug Vehicle PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS Small, radioactive pellets that are placed in or near tumors. Cancer cells are killed by the energy given off as the radioactive material decays (breaks down).]]> MSH2002_06_01 A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)]]> Drug Vehicle C928 928 primitive C0042523 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Verapamil Verapamil PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.]]> Verapamil C929 929 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Vidarabine C0042646 Vira-A BR NCI]]> Spongoadenosine CI-673 Beta Ara-A Arabinosyladenine Adenine Arabinoside 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-amine Monohydrate 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine Monohydrate Ara-A Arasena-A VIDARABINE Vira-A MSH2002_06_01 A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.]]> Spongoadenosine SY NCI]]> VIDARABINE SY DTP NSC0247519]]> Vidarabine PT NCI]]> Spongoadenosine SY DTP NSC0404241]]> Beta Ara-A SY NCI]]> Ara-A AB NCI]]> 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-9H-purine-6-amine Monohydrate SY NCI]]> 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine Monohydrate SY NCI]]> Arabinosyladenine SY NCI]]> Adenine Arabinoside SY NCI]]> Arasena-A SY NCI]]> CI-673 CN NCI]]> Vidarabine C930 930 primitive 49842 C0042670 C962 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Vinblastine vinblastine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045895]]> Vinblastine VLB Vincaleucoblastine MSH2002_06_01 Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)]]> CSP2002 promotes paracrystalline aggregates of tubulin and thus inhibits microtubule formation; used as a cytologic probe for microtubule function, and clinically as an antineoplastic.]]> VINCALEUKOBLASTINE SY DTP NSC0049842]]> VINCALEUCOBLASTINE SY DTP NSC0090636]]> VLB AB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor.]]> NCI A vinca alkaloid which reversibly inhibits mitosis by binding to microtubule protein, tubulin, ultimately inhibiting formation of mitotic spindles. Current use: treatment of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, testicular, lung, head and neck, breast, renal carcinomas, mycosis fungoides, Kaposi's sarcoma, histiocytosis, choriocarcinoma, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.]]> Vinblastine PT NCI]]> Vincaleucoblastine SY NCI]]> Vinblastine C931 931 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance C0042671 Vinblastine Sulfate Organic Chemical Vinblastine Sulfate PT NCI]]> Velbe SY DTP NSC0049842]]> Velban SY DTP NSC0049842]]> VINBLASTINE SULFATE SY DTP NSC0049842]]> Exal SY DTP NSC0049842]]> Exal FB NCI]]> 29060-LE SY DTP NSC0049842]]> 29060-LE CN NCI]]> 29060 LE SY DTP NSC0049842]]> Velban BR NCI]]> 29060 LE 29060-LE Velbe Velban Exal VINBLASTINE SULFATE Velsar NCI Vinblastine Sulfate. An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor.]]> Velsar BR NCI]]> Velbe FB NCI]]> Vinblastine Sulfate C932 932 primitive C0042672 Pharmacologic Substance Vinca Alkaloid Compound vinca alkaloids PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046156]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents.]]> Vinca Alkaloids NCI-GLOSS Anticancer drugs that inhibit cancer cell growth by stopping cell division. They are also called antimitotic or antimicrotubule agents, or mitotic inhibitors.]]> Vinca Alkaloid Compound PT NCI]]> Vinca Alkaloid Compound C933 933 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0042679 Vincristine vincristine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045435]]> Leurocristine 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine VCR Vincrystine NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)]]> CSP2002 inhibits microtubule formation in the mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing cells at the metaphase stage.]]> NCI A vinca alkaloid which reversibly inhibits mitosis by binding to microtubule protein, tubulin, ultimately inhibiting formation of mitotic spindles. Current use: treatment of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemias, Wilms' tumor, neroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.]]> 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine SY NCI]]> LEUROCRISTINE SY DTP NSC0067574]]> VCR AB NCI]]> Vincrystine SY NCI]]> Vincristine PT NCI]]> Leurocristine SY NCI]]> VINCRISTINE SY DTP NSC0067574]]> Vincristine C934 934 primitive 245467 Vindesine Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0042682 C972 vindesine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045247]]> Deacetylvinblastine Carboxamide DVA Compound 112531 3-(Aminocarbonyl)-O4-deacetyl-3-de-(methoxycarbonyl)vincaleukoblastine DAVA Deacetyl Vinblastine Carboxamide Desacetylvinblastine Amide Lilly CT-3231 VDS MSH2002_06_01 Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against acute leukemia, lung cancer, carcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, head, and neck, and Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids.]]> NCI A vinca alkaloid, which is a synthetic derivative of vinblastine. It inhibits mitosis and cause cell death by binding to microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle causing crystallization of the microtubule. Current use: acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. (NCI)]]> Vindesine PT NCI]]> VINDESINE SY DTP NSC0245467]]> Lilly CT-3231 CN NCI]]> Deacetylvinblastine Carboxamide SY NCI]]> DVA AB NCI]]> Deacetyl Vinblastine Carboxamide SY NCI]]> 3-(Aminocarbonyl)-O4-deacetyl-3-de-(methoxycarbonyl)vincaleukoblastine SY NCI]]> Compound 112531 SY NCI]]> DAVA SY DTP NSC0245467]]> DAVA AB NCI]]> Desacetylvinblastine Amide SY NCI]]> VDS AB NCI]]> Vindesine C935 935 primitive C0042683 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Vindesine Sulfate Vindesini Sulfas SY NCI]]> Vindesine Sulfate PT NCI]]> Desacetyl Vinblastine Amide Sulfate SY NCI]]> Gesidine FB NCI]]> NSC 245467 SY DTP NSC0245467]]> Eldisin FB NCI]]> Enison FB NCI]]> NSC-245467 CN NCI]]> Vindesine Sulphate NSC-245467 NSC 245467 Gesidine Eldisine Desacetyl Vinblastine Amide Sulfate Eldisin Enison LY-099094 Vindesine sulfate Vindesini Sulfas NCI The sulfate salt form of Vindesine. (NCI)]]> Vindesine sulfate SY DTP NSC0245467]]> Vindesine Sulphate SY NCI]]> LY-099094 CN NCI]]> Eldisine FB NCI]]> Vindesine Sulfate C936 936 primitive Organic Chemical Hazardous or Poisonous Substance C0042684 Vinyl Chloride vinyl chloride PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046648]]> Vinyl Chloride PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS (VINE-uhl KLOR-ide) A substance used to make plastics. Exposure to vinyl chloride may increase the risk of developing liver, brain, and lung cancers; lymphoma; and leukemia.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.]]> Vinyl Chloride C937 937 primitive C0042754 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic Virginiamycin Virginiamycin SY DTP NSC0246121]]> Virgimycine SY NCI]]> Stafac SY DTP NSC0246121]]> Stafac FB NCI]]> SKF-7988 CN NCI]]> RP 7293 CN NCI]]> Mikamycin SY NCI]]> Eskalin (Vet) FB NCI]]> Antibiotic No. 899 SY NCI]]> Staphylomycin SY NCI]]> VIRGINIAMYCIN SY DTP NSC0177858]]> Stafac RP 7293 Eskalin (Vet) Antibiotic No. 899 Mikamycin SKF-7988 Staphylomycin Virgimycine VIRGINIAMYCIN Staphylomycine Virginiamycin MSH2002_06_01 A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, virginiamycin Factor M1(STREPTOGRAMIN A) and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.]]> Staphylomycine SY NCI]]> Staphylomycin SY DTP NSC0246121]]> Virginiamycin PT NCI]]> Virgimycine SY DTP NSC0246121]]> Virginiamycin C938 938 primitive Vitamin Pharmacologic Substance C0042839 Vitamin A vitamin A PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045248]]> retinol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046057]]> all-trans-Retinol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Vogan SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Vitamin A SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Avitol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Vitamin A Alcohol Lard Factor Idrurto A Ido A 50 Del-Vi-A Del-VI-A Biovit-A Biosterol Axerophtholum Axerophthol Retinol, all trans- Retinol Pedi-Vit-A Ophthalamin Oleovitamin A Mulsal A Megadosis Micelle A Ledovit A Lard-Factor Axerol Avitol Avibon Arovit Aquasol A Antixerophthalmic vitamin Antixerophthalmic Vitamin Anti-Infective vitamin Anti-Infective Vitamin All Trans Retinol A 313 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6, 6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol Rinocusi Vitaminico Vitamin A USP Vogan Vitaminum A Vitamin A1 Aquasol A SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Aquasol A BR NCI]]> Antixerophthalmic vitamin SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Antixerophthalmic Vitamin SY NCI]]> Anti-Infective vitamin SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Anti-Infective Vitamin SY NCI]]> All Trans Retinol SY NCI]]> A 313 FB NCI]]> 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol SY NCI]]> Ophthalamin SY NCI]]> Ophthalamin SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Oleovitamin A SY NCI]]> Oleovitamin A SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Mulsal A Megadosis FB NCI]]> Micelle A FB NCI]]> Ledovit A FB NCI]]> Lard-Factor SY NCI]]> Lard Factor SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Vitamin A PT NCI]]> Vitamin A1 SY NCI]]> Vitamin A1 SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Vitamin A USP SY NCI]]> Vitamin A Alcohol SY NCI]]> Rinocusi Vitaminico FB NCI]]> Retinol SY NCI]]> Retinol, all trans- SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Pedi-Vit-A BR NCI]]> Vitaminoftalmina all-trans-Retinol NCI-GLOSS Vitamin A. It is essential for proper vision and healthy skin and mucous membranes. Retinol is being studied for cancer prevention; it belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.]]> NCI Any beta -ionone derivative, except provitamin A carotenoids, possessing qualitatively the biological activity of retinal. Vitamin deficiency interferes with the production of rhodopsin, causing night blindness, and produces a keratinizing metaplasia of epithelial cells that may result in xerophthalmia, keratosis, susceptibility to infections, and retarded growth. The original Vitamin A is known as retinol. Use for studies involving not only vitamin A, but its precursors and analogs as well. These studies can involve dietary epidemiology, prevention, therapy, or any other relationship of the vitamin to cancer. (STED98, RAEB)]]> Vogan FB NCI]]> Vitaminoftalmina FB NCI]]> Vitamin A PT RAEB-2]]> Idrurto A FB NCI]]> Ido A 50 FB NCI]]> Del-Vi-A BR NCI]]> Del-VI-A SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Biovit-A FB NCI]]> Avibon SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Avibon FB NCI]]> Arovit FB NCI]]> 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6, 6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Biosterol SY NCI]]> Biosterol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Axerophtholum SY NCI]]> Axerophthol SY NCI]]> Axerophthol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Axerol SY DTP NSC0122759]]> Axerol FB NCI]]> Avitol FB NCI]]> Vitaminum A SY NCI]]> Vitamin A C939 939 primitive Vitamin C0042845 Organic Chemical Vitamin B12 Pharmacologic Substance Vitamin-B12 SY NCI]]> Cyanocobalamin SY NCI]]> B12 Vitamin SY NCI]]> Cyanocobalamin SY DTP NSC0080365]]> Vitamin B12 PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues.]]> VIT B12 Cyanocobalamin B12 Vitamin Vitamin-B12 NCI A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues.]]> VIT B12 AB NCI]]> Vitamin B12 C940 940 primitive C0042849 Vitamin Vitamin B Complex Organic Chemical Vitamin B PT RAEB-2]]> Vitamin B Complex PT NCI]]> Vitamin B NCI A group of water-soluble food substances of several or all of the B-vitamins, including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin (nicotinic acid), niacinamide (nicotinamide), the vitamin B6 group (including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, possibly para-aminobenzoic. Current use: Prevention and treatment of vitamin B deficiencies due to poor nutrition, pregnancy or certain illnesses.]]> Vitamin B Complex C941 941 primitive Vitamin Steroid C0042866 Vitamin D vitamin-D SY NCI]]> NCI The vitamin that mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone calcium metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It usually acts as a hormone precursor, requiring 2 stages of metabolism before reaching actual hormonal form. It is isolated from fish liver oils and used in the treatment and prevention of rickets.]]> Vitamin D VIT D Cholecalciferol D vitamin vitamin-D MSH2002_06_01 Vitamin D. The vitamin that mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone calcium metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It usually acts as a hormone precursor, requiring 2 stages of metabolism before reaching actual hormonal form. It is isolated from fish liver oils and used in the treatment and prevention of rickets.]]> CSP2002 family of natural and synthetic C(28) sterols with hypercalcemic activity, many of which require metabolic or photo-activation; deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.]]> Vitamin D PT NCI]]> Vitamin D SY DTP NSC0062792]]> Cholecalciferol SY NCI]]> Cholecalciferol SY DTP NSC0375571]]> D vitamin SY NCI]]> VIT D AB NCI]]> Vitamin D C942 942 primitive C1592 Vitamin Lipid Pharmacologic Substance C0042874 Vitamin E vitamin E PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045023]]> E Vitamin SY NCI]]> E Vitamin MSH2002_06_01 A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoid]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called tocopherols.]]> NCI Alpha -Tocopherol; Alpha -T; 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol; 5,7,8-Trimethyltocol. Obtained from wheat germ oil or by synthesis, vitamin E is an antioxidant that interferes with the autoxidation of fats. Several forms of vitamin E exist. Use for studies involving not only vitamin E, but its precursors and analogs as well. These studies can involve dietary epidemiology, prevention, therapy, or any other relationship of the vitamin to cancer. (STED98, RAEB)]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Lung Vitamin E SY DTP NSC0020812]]> Vitamin E PT NCI]]> Vitamin E PT RAEB-2]]> Vitamin E C943 943 primitive C0042878 Vitamin Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Lipid Vitamin K vitamin K PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046044]]> Phylloquinone SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (VITAMIN K 1) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that promotes the clotting of blood.]]> Vitamin K PT NCI]]> CSP2002 group of lipoid thrombogenic agents based on the bicyclic naphthoquinone ring system; act by inducing prothrombin transcription in liver.]]> Phylloquinone Vitamin K C944 944 primitive C0042890 Vitamin Vitamin vitamins PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044744]]> NCI A group of organic food substances found in animals and plants in small quantities. They must be supplied in diet or dietary supplement and are essential for normal metabolism.]]> CSP2002 diverse group of organic nutrient substances required in trace amounts for normal metabolic function; many are enzyme cofactors or cofactor precursors.]]> NCI-GLOSS Key nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to grow and stay strong. Examples are vitamins A, C, and E.]]> Vitamins Total Vitamins Total SY NCI]]> Vitamin PT NCI]]> Vitamin C945 945 primitive C0043031 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Warfarin warfarin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045249]]> Compound 42 Athrombin-K (Warfarin Potassium) 3-Alpha-phenyl-beta-acetylethyl-4-hydroxycoumarin 3-(.alpha.-Phenyl-.beta.-acetylethyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin 1-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-coumarinyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone 3-(.alpha.-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin 3-(Alpha-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one Co-Rax Rodex WARF Compound 42 MSH2002_06_01 An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that prevents blood from clotting. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticoagulants (blood thinners).]]> 3-(.alpha.-Phenyl-.beta.-acetylethyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin SY DTP NSC0059813]]> 3-(.alpha.-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin SY DTP NSC0059813]]> 1-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-coumarinyl)-1-phenyl-3-butanone SY NCI]]> WARF Compound 42 BR NCI]]> Rodex BR NCI]]> Compound 42 SY DTP NSC0059813]]> Compound 42 BR NCI]]> Co-Rax BR NCI]]> WARF compound 42 SY DTP NSC0059813]]> 3-(Alpha-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin SY NCI]]> 3-Alpha-phenyl-beta-acetylethyl-4-hydroxycoumarin SY NCI]]> Athrombin-K (Warfarin Potassium) BR NCI]]> 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one SY NCI]]> Warfarin SY DTP NSC0059813]]> Warfarin PT NCI]]> Warfarin C946 946 primitive C0524684 Pharmacologic Substance Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Carbohydrate Thrombocid FB NCI]]> Fibrase Cartrophen Elmiron Fibrezym SP-54 Sodium Xylan Polysulfate Thrombocid Sodium Xylan Polysulfate SY NCI]]> Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium PT NCI]]> Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate Hemoclar Cartrophen BR NCI]]> Fibrase BR NCI]]> Hemoclar FB NCI]]> SP-54 CN NCI]]> Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate SY NCI]]> Elmiron BR NCI]]> Fibrezym FB NCI]]> Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium C947 947 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0043474 602670 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Zidovudine zidovudine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045286]]> BW-A509U Aztec Azidothymidine 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine AZT Retrovir ZDV NCI-GLOSS A drug that inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. Also called AZT. It belongs to the family of drugs called systemic antivirals.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. Also called zidovudine.]]> MSH2002_06_01 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.]]> NCI a thymidine analogue that is an inhibitor of in vitro replication of HIV virus, the causative agent of AIDS and ARC, and is used in the management of these diseases. (STED98)]]> Zidovudine SY DTP NSC0602670]]> ZDV AB NCI]]> Retrovir BR NCI]]> Aztec FB NCI]]> Azidothymidine SY NCI]]> Azidothymidine SY DTP NSC0602670]]> AZT PT NCI]]> AZT PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044478]]> AZT AB NCI]]> 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine SY NCI]]> 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine SY DTP NSC0602670]]> BW-A509U CN NCI]]> Retrovir SY DTP NSC0602670]]> Zidovudine PT NCI]]> Zidovudine C948 948 primitive C0043481 Element, Ion, or Isotope Zinc Zinc PT NCI]]> NCI A metallic trace element that has the atomic symbol Zn, atomic number 30, and atomic weight 65.38. It is necessary in the diet, forms an essential part of many enzymes, and plays an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short]]> MSH2002_06_01 A metallic trace element that has the atomic symbol Zn, atomic number 30, and atomic weight 65.38. It is necessary in the diet, forms an essential part of many enzymes, and plays an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short stature, hypogonadism, impaired wound healing, and geophagia. (From Dorland, 27th ed)]]> Zinc C949 949 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0043491 Zinc Oxide Inorganic Chemical zinc oxide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045442]]> MSH2002_06_01 A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.]]> NCI-GLOSS A compound that may enhance immune function, especially when administered by inhalation.]]> Zinc Oxide PT NCI]]> Zinc Oxide C950 950 primitive C0043767 Pharmacologic Substance Anaxirone Organic Chemical Triglycidylurazol SY NCI]]> NSC 332488 1,2,4-triglycidylurazol TGU Triglycidylurazol NCI A triepoxide alkylating agent.]]> 1,2,4-triglycidylurazol SY NCI]]> NSC 332488 CN NCI]]> Anaxirone PT NCI]]> TGU AB NCI]]> Anaxirone C951 951 primitive C0043769 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical Dibenzo (A,H) Anthracene Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene SY DTP NSC0022433]]> Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene NCI DBA; 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene; 1,2:5,6-benzanthracene; 1,2:5,6-dibenz[a]anthracene. A polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, dibenz(a,h)anthracene occurs in fossil fuels and may also be released to the environment as a product of incomplete combustion. If released to air, it is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. It is a mutagen and is carcinogenic in animals; classified as a probable human carcinogen. Mod from the HSDB database]]> Dibenzo (A,H) Anthracene PT NCI]]> Dibenzo (A,H) Anthracene C952 952 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0043843 Tesmilifene Hydrochloride Tesmilifene Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> Bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane BMY-33419 BMS-217380-01 DPPE NCI-GLOSS Belongs to a group of antihormone drugs.]]> Bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane SY NCI]]> BMS-217380-01 CN NCI]]> BMY-33419 CN NCI]]> DPPE PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045506]]> DPPE AB NCI]]> Tesmilifene Hydrochloride C953 953 primitive C0043914 Inorganic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance 1,3-Diaziridino-2,4,6-Triaza-1,3,5,5-Tetraaminomethyl-1,3,5-Triphosphorin N(3)P(3)Az(2)(NHMe)4 SY NCI]]> 1,3-Diaziridino-2,4,6-Triaza-1,3,5,5-Tetraaminomethyl-1,3,5-Triphosphorin PT NCI]]> N(3)P(3)Az(2)(NHMe)4 AZP AZP AB NCI]]> 1,3-Diaziridino-2,4,6-Triaza-1,3,5,5-Tetraaminomethyl-1,3,5-Triphosphorin C954 954 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0044133 Tauromustine Tauromustine PT NCI]]> TCNU NCI 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2-(dimethylaminosulfonyl)ethyl)-1-nitrosourea, an antineoplastic agent.]]> TCNU AB NCI]]> Tauromustine C955 955 primitive C0044401 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Carmofur Carmofur PT NCI]]> NCI An antimetabolite (pyrimidine analogue) antineoplastic derivative of 5-fluorouracil. Current use: oral adjunct therapy for colorectal cancer. (NCI)]]> Carmofur C956 956 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Lipid C0044549 Edelfosine Et-18-OCH3 SY DTP NSC0324368]]> ET-18-OCH3 AB NCI]]> Edelfosine PT NCI]]> Edelfosine SY DTP NSC0324368]]> NCI Ether-lipid (alkyl-phospholipid) analogues such as Miltefosine and Edelfosine possess potent in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity and these compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials in humans. The effect of Miltefosine and Edelfosine, on key enzymes involved in the metabolism of ether-lipids, including DHAP acyltransferase; acyl and alkyl-lyso-phosophocholine acyltransferases, have been studied. The metabolism of phosphocholine base intermediates involved in the remodelling of acyl and alkyl-phospholipids was also associated with glycosomes and was found to be very sensitive to both of these drugs. Miltefosine and Edelfosine inhibited a glycosomal alkyl-specific-acylCoA acyltransferase in a dose dependent manner with an IC of 50 uM. Perturbation of ether-lipid remodelling could therefore be responsible for the anti-leishmanial action of these drugs.]]> Edelfosinum Edelfosine ET-18-OCH3 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine Et-18-OCH3 NCI a membrane-targeting anticancer ether lipid drug. Has shown antiangiogenesis activity in vitro.]]> Edelfosinum SY NCI]]> 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine SY NCI]]> Edelfosine C957 957 primitive C0044663 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance 10-Deacetyltaxol benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 12b-(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester, (2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alphaR*,betaS*),11alpha,12alpha,12aalpha,12balpha))- SY NCI]]> 10-Deacetyltaxol PT NCI]]> 10-Deacetyltaxol SY DTP NSC0656201]]> NCI A taxane derivative (paclitaxel analogue) which causes stabilization of microtubule bundles arresting the cell cycle at mitosis. Current use: production of taxotere. (NCI)]]> 10-Deacetyltaxol benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 12b-(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester, (2aR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alphaR*,betaS*),11alpha,12alpha,12aalpha,12balpha))- 10-Deacetyltaxol C958 958 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0044667 C600 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein 626715 Edatrexate edatrexate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045325]]> 10-EdAM SY DTP NSC0626715]]> Edatrexate PT NCI]]> N-[4-[1-[(2, 4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)-methyl]propyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid SY DTP NSC0626715]]> N-[4-[1-[(2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)-methyl]propyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic Acid 10-EdAM EDATREXATE CGP-30694 10-Ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin 10-EDAM N-[4-[1-[(2, 4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)-methyl]propyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to a family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> N-[4-[1-[(2,4-Diamino-6-pteridinyl)-methyl]propyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> CGP-30694 CN NCI]]> 10-EDAM AB NCI]]> 10-Ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin SY NCI]]> EDATREXATE PT NCI]]> Edatrexate C959 959 primitive C0044800 Biologically Active Substance Eicosanoid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid PT NCI]]> 12-HETE AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)]]> 12-HETE 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid C960 960 primitive Steroid C0044971 Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Hormone Pharmacologic Substance Hydroxyprogesterone caproate SY DTP NSC0017592]]> Delalutin BR NCI]]> Delalutin SY DTP NSC0017592]]> Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate PT NCI]]> Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Delalutin NCI A synthetic progestational hormone which in general acts as negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary. It is involved in the regulation of gene transcription. Current use: amenorrhea, endometrial cancer, abnormal uterine bleeding, premature labor, and endogenous estrogen production-diagnosis. (NCI)]]> Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate C961 961 primitive 613327 Gemcitabine Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0045093 C1842 gemcitabine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045347]]> Gemcitabine SY DTP NSC0613327]]> Gemcitabine Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> 2'Deoxy-2',2'-Difluorocytidine SY NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine SY NCI]]> Gemcitabine PT NCI]]> LY-188011 dFdC dFdCyd NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NCI The drug is a nucleoside analog that disrupts DNA synthesis; it inhibits the enzyme that generates deoxynucleosides (reducing the pool available for DNA synthesis), and it inserts into the growing DNA chain in place of cytosine, causing chain termination.]]> dFdC AB NCI]]> LY-188011 CN NCI]]> dFdCyd AB NCI]]> Gemzar BR NCI]]> Gemzar Difluorodeoxycytidine 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 1-(2-Oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose 2'Deoxy-2',2'-Difluorocytidine Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Difluorodeoxycytidine SY NCI]]> 1-(2-Oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-2-deoxy-2,2-difluororibose SY NCI]]> Gemcitabine C962 962 primitive Organic Chemical C0045236 2,2',2''-Trichlorotriethylamine Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid 2,2',2''-Trichlorotriethylamine PT NCI]]> 2,2', 2''-Trichlorotriethylamine SY DTP NSC0030211]]> 2,2', 2''-Trichlorotriethylamine 2,2',2''-Trichlorotriethylamine C963 963 primitive 364432 SarCNU Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0045644 C486 sarCNU PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046182]]> NSC 364432 CN NCI]]> 2-Chloroethyl-3-Sarcosinamide-1-Nitrosourea SY NCI]]> 2-Chloroethyl-3-Sarcosinamide-1-Nitrosourea NSC 364432 NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.]]> SarCNU PT NCI]]> SarCNU C964 964 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Fludeoxyglucose F 18 C0046056 fludeoxyglucose F 18 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045524]]> 18FDG AB NCI]]> 2-F18-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS The radioactive form of glucose used in positron emission tomography (PET), a diagnostic imaging procedure.]]> Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 SY NCI]]> 2-F18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose SY NCI]]> Fludeoxyglucose F 18 PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The compound is given by intravenous injection for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)]]> 2-F18-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose 2-F18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose 18FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Fludeoxyglucose F 18 C965 965 primitive 659853 Steroid 2-Methoxyestradiol C2430 C0046319 Pharmacologic Substance Panzem BR NCI]]> 2ME2 AB NCI]]> 2-Methoxy Estradiol PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS 2ME2. A drug derived from estrogen that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors. It prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need in order to grow.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Inhibition of cellular proliferation, inhibit tubulin function, up-regulate DR5]]> 2-methoxyestradiol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045058]]> 2-Methoxyestradiol PT NCI]]> NCI 2ME2 is an endogenous, orally active, small molecular weight inhibitor of angiogenesis. (from EntreMed Inc.)]]> 2ME2 2-Methoxy Estradiol Panzem 2-Methoxyestradiol C966 966 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0046764 Dichloromethotrexate NSC-29630 SY DTP NSC0029630]]> N-[3,5-Dichloro-4-[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinylmethyl)methylamino]benzoyl] Glutamic Acid SY NCI]]> Dichloroamethopterin SY NCI]]> L-Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Methotrexate, dichloro- SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Dichloromethotrexate PT NCI]]> Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}- SY NCI]]> Glutamic acid, N-(3,5-dichloro-4-([(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino)benzoyl)- SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Amethopterin, 3',5'-dichloro SY NCI]]> Amethopterin, 3',5'-dichloro- SY DTP NSC0029630]]> 3,5-Dichloromethotrexate SY DTP NSC0029630]]> 3'-5'-Dichloromethotrexate SY NCI]]> 3',5'-Dichloromethotrexate SY DTP NSC0029630]]> 3',5'-Dichloroamethopterin SY NCI]]> L-Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}-(9CI) SY NCI]]> Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]- SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-, L- (8CI) SY DTP NSC0029630]]> DCM CAS-528-74-5 Amethopterin, 3',5'-dichloro- Amethopterin, 3',5'-dichloro 3,5-Dichloromethotrexate 3'-5'-Dichloromethotrexate 3',5'-Dichloromethotrexate 3',5'-Dichloroamethopterin 3', 5'-Dichloroamethopterin N-[3,5-Dichloro-4-[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinylmethyl)methylamino]benzoyl]glutamic acid Methotrexate, Dichloro L-Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}-(9CI) Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]- Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}-L- (8CI) Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}- Dichloromethotrexate Dichloroamethopterin Glutamic acid, N-(3,5-dichloro-4-([(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino)benzoyl)- Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-, L- (8CI) L-Glutamic acid, N-[3,5-dichloro-4-[[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]- (9CI) Methotrexate, dichloro- N-[3,5-Dichloro-4-[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinylmethyl)methylamino]benzoyl] Glutamic Acid NSC 29630 NSC-29630 NCI A chlorinated derivative of methotrexate.]]> NSC-29630 CN NCI]]> NSC 29630 SY DTP NSC0029630]]> N-[3,5-Dichloro-4-[(2, 4-diamino-6-pteridinylmethyl)methylamino]benzoyl]glutamic acid SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Methotrexate, Dichloro SY NCI]]> 3', 5'-Dichloroamethopterin SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Dichloroamethopterin SY DTP NSC0029630]]> DCM AB NCI]]> CAS-528-74-5 CN NCI]]> Glutamic Acid, N-{3,5-dichloro-4-{[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino}benzoyl}-L- (8CI) SY NCI]]> Dichloromethotrexate SY DTP NSC0029630]]> Dichloromethotrexate C967 967 primitive C0046803 Antibiotic Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Cordycepin Triphosphate Cordycepin-5'-triphosphate SY NCI]]> Cordycepin Triphosphate PT NCI]]> NCI The triphosphate salt of Cordycepin. (NCI)]]> 3'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Cordycepin-5'-triphosphate 3'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) SY NCI]]> Cordycepin Triphosphate C968 968 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0047332 Dezaguanine Dezaguanine PT NCI]]> Deazaguanine Mesylate SY NCI]]> 3-Deazaguanine SY DTP NSC0261726]]> Deazaguanine SY NCI]]> CI-908 CN NCI]]> 3-Deazaguanine SY NCI]]> CAS 41729-52-6 CN NCI]]> Dezaguanine Mesylate SY NCI]]> Deazaguanine CAS 41729-52-6 3-Deazaguanine CI-908 Deazaguanine Mesylate Dezaguanine Mesylate NCI A purine nucleoside analogue having antitumor/antiviral activity. (NCI)]]> Dezaguanine C969 969 primitive C0047498 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Droloxifene Droloxifene PT NCI]]> (E)-3-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenyl-1-butenyl]phenol SY NCI]]> (E)-alpha[p-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-alpha'-ethyl-3-stilbenol SY NCI]]> 3-Hydroxytamoxifen NCI A phenolic analogue of tamoxifen. Current use: clinical development of droloxifene for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer has been stopped due to lack of efficacy, may be used as multi-drug resistance modulator, and may prevent bone loss. (NCI)]]> 3-Hydroxytamoxifen SY NCI]]> (E)--1-[4'-(2-dimethylaminoethyoxy)phenyl]-1(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-but-1-ene SY NCI]]> (E)--1-[4'-(2-dimethylaminoethyoxy)phenyl]-1(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-but-1-ene (E)-alpha[p-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-alpha'-ethyl-3-stilbenol (E)-3-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenyl-1-butenyl]phenol Droloxifene C970 970 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid C0047506 Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine PT NCI]]> 131 I-MIBG AB NCI]]> Iodine I 131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine SY NCI]]> MIBG MSH2002_06_01 A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.]]> I 131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine PT NCI]]> MIBG AB NCI]]> 131 I-MIBG Iodine I 131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine I 131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine C971 971 primitive 378901 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0047758 4'-Iodo-4'-Doxydoxorubicin Antibiotic iododoxorubicin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045340]]> 4'-Deoxy-4'-Iododoxorubicin SY NCI]]> Iododoxorubicin SY NCI]]> NCI Iodinated derivative of the antineoplastic antibody doxorubicin]]> IDOX AB NCI]]> Iodo-Doxorubicin SY NCI]]> 4'-Iodo-4'-Doxydoxorubicin PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer, and for primary systemic amyloidosis (a disease in which proteins are deposited in specific organs). It belongs to the family of drugs called anthracycline analogues.]]> IDOX 4'-Iodo-4'-Deoxydoxorubicin 4'-Deoxy-4'-Iododoxorubicin Iodo-Doxorubicin Iododoxorubicin 4'-Iodo-4'-Doxydoxorubicin C972 972 primitive Organic Chemical Deoxydoxorubicin C0047760 Antibiotic IMI-58 CN NCI]]> Deoxyadriamycin SY NCI]]> 4'-Deoxyadriamycin Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Esorubicin SY NCI]]> Deoxydoxorubicin PT NCI]]> 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin SY NCI]]> 4'-Deoxyadriamycin SY NCI]]> Deoxydoxorubicin SY DTP NSC0267469]]> 4'-Deoxyadriamycin Hydrochloride 4'-Deoxyadriamycin 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin Esorubicin Deoxydoxorubicin Deoxyadriamycin IMI-58 NCI derivative of the antineoplastic antibody doxorubicin]]> Deoxydoxorubicin C973 973 primitive C0047995 Organophosphorus Compound Alendronate Sodium Pharmacologic Substance alendronate sodium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045355]]> Onclast FB NCI]]> Adronat FB NCI]]> Fosamax BR NCI]]> MK-217 CN NCI]]> Alendronate Sodium PT NCI]]> Alendronic Acid Monosodium Salt Trihydrate SY NCI]]> G-704650 CN NCI]]> Fosamax Alendros Alendronate Adronat Alendronic Acid Monosodium Salt Trihydrate MK-217 Onclast NCI-GLOSS A drug that affects bone metabolism. It is used in treating osteoporosis and Paget's disease, and is being studied in the treatment of hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood) and in treating and reducing the risk of bone pain caused by cancer. Alendronate sodium belongs to the family of drugs called bisphosphonates.]]> NCI A bisphosphonate with increased antiresorption activity (100x-1000x that of etidronate).]]> G-704650 Alendros FB NCI]]> Alendronate SY NCI]]> Alendronate Sodium C974 974 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Formestane C0048306 Organic Chemical Lentaron FB NCI]]> CGP-32349 CN NCI]]> Formestane PT NCI]]> 4-OHAD AB NCI]]> Lentaron 4-OHA CGP-32349 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione 4-OHAD NCI An inhibitor of synthesis of estrogen by aromatase. Used in treatment of breast cancer.]]> 4-OHA AB NCI]]> 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione SY NCI]]> Formestane C975 975 primitive C0048403 Organic Chemical 4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen 4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen PT NCI]]> NCI A metabolite of tamoxifen, possibly the active anticancer tam metabolite. It is on the formation pathway of the reactive intermediate that binds covalently to proteins and DNA.]]> 4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen C976 976 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0048420 Ipomeanol NSC 349438 CN NCI]]> Ipomeanol PT NCI]]> CAS 55659-41-1 CN NCI]]> 1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy-1-pentanone SY NCI]]> NCI a toxin commonly found in sweet potatoes. May be effective against lung neoplasms.]]> CAS 55659-41-1 4-Ipomeanol 1-Pentanone, 1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy- 1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy-1-pentanone 4-ipomeanol NSC 349438 4-Ipomeanol SY DTP NSC0349438]]> 1-Pentanone, 1-(3-furanyl)-4-hydroxy- SY DTP NSC0349438]]> 4-ipomeanol SY NCI]]> Ipomeanol C977 977 primitive C0048573 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid 4-Nitroestrone 3-Methyl Ether 4-Nitroestrone 3-methyl ether SY DTP NSC0321803]]> 4-Nitroestrone 3-Methyl Ether PT NCI]]> 4-Nitroestrone 3-methyl ether NCI an estrone steroid]]> 4-Nitroestrone 3-Methyl Ether C978 978 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0048808 Doxifluridine Doxifluridine PT NCI]]> 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine SY NCI]]> NCI An antimetabolite that is converted into 5-FU in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase, interfering with DNA biosynthesis of the tumor cell. Current use: metastatic colorectal, stomach, and breast cancers. (NCI)]]> 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5-DFUR 5-DFUR AB NCI]]> Doxifluridine C979 979 primitive C0048852 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Lometrexol lometrexol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045386]]> Lometrexol SY DTP NSC0660025]]> Dideaza-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called antifolates.]]> NCI An antimetabolite (folate analogue) that inhibits glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) an enzyme involved in de novo purine biosynthesis. Current use: development for cancer treatment. (NCI)]]> Lometrexol PT NCI]]> DDATHF AB NCI]]> Lometrexol DDATHF Dideaza-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid Lometrexol C980 980 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide C0048906 Dihydro-5-Azacytidine NSC 264880 CN NCI]]> Dihydro-5-Azacytidine PT NCI]]> 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine HCl SY NCI]]> 5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0264880]]> DHAC SY DTP NSC0264880]]> DHAC AB NCI]]> 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine hydrochloride SY NCI]]> 1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-3, 6-dihydro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl monohydrochloride SY NCI]]> 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine hydrochloride 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine HCl DHAC 5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine hydrochloride 1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-3, 6-dihydro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl monohydrochloride NSC 264880 NCI An analog of the nucleoside deoxycytidine inhibiting the methylation of newly synthesized DNA, which restores suppressor gene expression and exerts antitumor effects. Current use: no longer under study due to lack of efficacy. (NCI)]]> Dihydro-5-Azacytidine C981 981 primitive 127716 Pharmacologic Substance C0049065 Decitabine Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide decitabine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045208]]> NSC-127716 CN NCI]]> DAC AB NCI]]> 5-Azadeoxycytidine SY NCI]]> Dezocitidine SY NCI]]> Deoxyazacytidine SY NCI]]> Decitabine PT NCI]]> 5-Aza-2'deoxycytidine/Decitabine PT NCI]]> Deoxyazacytidine DAC Dezocitidine 5-Azadeoxycytidine 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine 5-Aza-2'deoxycytidine/Decitabine 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE(DECITABINE) 2'-Deoxy-5-azacytidine NSC-127716 NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: DNA demethylating/hypomethylating agent]]> 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine SY NCI]]> 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine SY NCI]]> 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine SY DTP NSC0127716]]> 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE(DECITABINE) PT NCI]]> 2'-Deoxy-5-azacytidine SY NCI]]> Decitabine C982 982 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C1304 C0049111 339004 Chloroquinoxaline Sulfonamide Organic Chemical chlorosulfaquinoxaline SY NCI]]> chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045331]]> Chlorsulfaquinoxaline SY NCI]]> Chloroquinoxaline Sulfonamide PT NCI]]> Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide SY DTP NSC0339004]]> NSC-339004 CN NCI]]> CHLOROQUINOXALINE SULFONAMIDE PT NCI]]> Benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-[5-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl]- SY DTP NSC0339004]]> CQS CHLOROQUINOXALINE SULFONAMIDE Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide Chlorsulfaquinoxaline NSC-339004 Benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-[5-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl]- Benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(5-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)- chlorosulfaquinoxaline NCI-GLOSS CQS. A substance that is being studied as an anticancer drug.]]> NCI-GLOSS Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide. A substance that is being studied as an anticancer drug.]]> NCI One of the first agents identified by the human tumor colony-forming assay (HTCFA) as possessing antitumor activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, may have topoisomerase II activity. Current use: It is under study for cancer treatment. (NCI)]]> CQS AB NCI]]> Benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(5-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)- SY NCI]]> CQS PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044381]]> Chloroquinoxaline Sulfonamide C983 983 primitive C0050393 Acarbose Pharmacologic Substance Carbohydrate Bay g 5421 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)]]> Acarbose PT NCI]]> Bay g 5421 Acarbose C984 984 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0050406 Aceglatone Organic Chemical Aceglatone PT NCI]]> NCI A B-glucuronidase inhibitor which may act as a chemopreventive agent in colon carcinogenesis. (NCI)]]> Aceglatone C985 985 primitive C0050559 Acitretin Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical acitretin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046118]]> Soriatane BR NCI]]> (All-E)-9-(4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid SY NCI]]> Neotigason FB NCI]]> Etretin BR NCI]]> Acitretin PT NCI]]> Ro-10-1670 CN NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used in cancer prevention that belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids. It is also used in the treatment of psoriasis.]]> Ro-10-1670 Neotigason (All-E)-9-(4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid Etretin Soriatane MSH2002_06_01 An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.]]> Acitretin C986 986 primitive Organic Chemical C0050560 Antibiotic Acivicin U-42126 CN NCI]]> NSC 163501 CN NCI]]> Acivicin SY DTP NSC0163501]]> Acivicin PT NCI]]> AT-125 CN NCI]]> CSP2002 USP lists as an antineoplastic agent; inhibits glutamine amidotransferases in the purine pathway.]]> AT-125 NSC 163501 Acivicin U-42126 Acivicin C987 987 primitive C0050561 Antibiotic Aclacinomycin Antibiotic Aclacinomycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> NCI Anthracycline aromatic polyketide antibiotics from Streptomyces galilaeus having antitumor activity. (NCI)]]> Aclacinomycins Aclacinomycin Antibiotic C988 988 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0050565 Organic Chemical Acodazole acodazole hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Acodazole PT NCI]]> acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-[(7-methyl-1H-imidazo[4, 5-f]quinolin-9-yl)amino]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) SY NCI]]> Acodazole SY DTP NSC0305884]]> CAS 55435659 CN NCI]]> Acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-[(7-methyl-1H-imidazo[4, 5-f]quinolin-9-yl)amino]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) SY DTP NSC0305884]]> acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-[(7-methyl-1H-imidazo[4, 5-f]quinolin-9-yl)amino]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) NSC 305884 CAS 55435659 Acodazole Acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-[(7-methyl-1H-imidazo[4, 5-f]quinolin-9-yl)amino]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride (9CI) 1H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, acetamide deriv acodazole hydrochloride 1H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, acetamide deriv SY NCI]]> NSC 305884 CN NCI]]> Acodazole C989 989 primitive C0050668 Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Activin (Recombinant) Activin SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.]]> Activin NCI Dimeric growth factors of the TGF family with effects on a range of cell types in addition to promoting FSH release in gonadal sites. Composed of two of the subunits of inhibin, the isoforms A and B.]]> Activin (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> Activin (Recombinant) C990 990 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0050854 Organic Chemical Corynebacterium granulosum P40 Corynebacterium granulosum P40 PT NCI]]> Adjuvant P40 SY NCI]]> NCI Bacterial extract, a non-specific immune-modulator in development as maintenance adjunct immunotherapy following surgery in treating patients with breast cancer, colon cancer, or melanoma. (NCI)]]> Adjuvant P40 Corynebacterium granulosum P40 C991 991 primitive C0050892 Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance ATL Derived Factor (Recombinant) ATL Derived Factor (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> NCI ATL Derived Factor (thioredoxin) appears to be a cytokine as well as an oxidoreductase involved in redox reactions through reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide, catalyzing dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. It is ubiquitous, found in many organisms from plants and bacteria to mammals, and appears to have multiple substrates, including ribonuclease, choriogonadotropins, coagulation factors, glucocorticoid receptor, and insulin. ATL Derived Factor augments expression of the IL2R, TAC (IL2R/P55). (from OMIM 187700, Swiss-Prot P10599, and NCI)]]> NCI Adult T-cell Leukemia derived factor: Human thioredoxin. A cytokine.]]> ATL Derived Factor (Recombinant) C992 992 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0050962 Monobenzone monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone SY NCI]]> Monobenzone PT NCI]]> monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone Monobenzone Monobenzyl ether hydroquinone Hydroquinone monobenzyl ether Monobenzone SY DTP NSC0033918]]> Hydroquinone monobenzyl ether SY DTP NSC0033918]]> Monobenzyl ether hydroquinone SY DTP NSC0033918]]> Monobenzone C993 993 primitive C0051047 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance AL721 egg lecithin lipids SY NCI]]> AL721 PT NCI]]> NCI an antiviral agent consisting of "active lipids in a ratio of 7 to 2 to 1". a trademarked name for egg lipids in a ratio of seven parts neutral lipids, two parts phosphatidyl-choline (purified lecithin), and one part phosphatidylethanolamine]]> egg lecithin lipids AL721 C994 994 primitive Pharmacologic Substance C0051066 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein 153353 L-Alanosine NSC 153353 CN NCI]]> ALANOSINE SY DTP NSC0529469]]> L-2-Amino-3-(hydroxynitrosoamino)propionic Acid SY NCI]]> L-2-Amino-3-[(N-nitroso)hydroxylamino]propionic acid SY DTP NSC0529469]]> L-Alanosine PT NCI]]> 3-(Hydroxynitrosoamino)-L-alanine SY NCI]]> L-2-Amino-3-(hydroxynitrosoamino)propionic Acid L-2-Amino-3-[(N-nitroso)hydroxylamino]propionic Acid L-2-Amino-3-[(N-nitroso)hydroxylamino]propionic acid L-ALANOSINE NSC 153353 NCI An antitumor analogue of aspartic acid. Inhibits de novo synthesis of adenosine. L-Alanosine is converted into a metabolite which is the most potent known inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase.]]> L-ALANOSINE PT NCI]]> L-2-Amino-3-[(N-nitroso)hydroxylamino]propionic Acid SY NCI]]> Alanosine SY NCI]]> 3-(Hydroxynitrosoamino)-L-alanine ALANOSINE Alanosine L-Alanosine C995 995 primitive C0051162 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Alizapride Alizapride PT NCI]]> NCI an antiemetic pyrrolidine]]> Alizapride C996 996 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0051207 Allocolchicine Allocolchicine SY DTP NSC0406042]]> Allocolchicine PT NCI]]> NCI An antimitotic agent that binds to tubulin and inhibit tubulin polymerization and arrest proliferation of tumor cells. (NCI)]]> Allocolchicine Allocolchicine C997 997 primitive C0051405 Lipid Alpha-Linolenic Acid Biologically Active Substance Alpha-Linolenic Acid PT NCI]]> ALA .alpha.-Linolenic acid NCI Women with high levels of alpha-linolenic acid in their adipose breast tissue have a 60% lower risk of breast cancer than women with low levels of the nutrient. The fatty acid levels served as a biologic marker of past fatty acid intake. (from Eur J Cancer 2000;36:335-340)]]> .alpha.-Linolenic acid SY DTP NSC0002042]]> ALA AB NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins.]]> Alpha-Linolenic Acid C998 998 primitive Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0051427 Metyrosine methyl-tyrosine SY NCI]]> MK-781 CN NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)]]> L-588357-0 Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine Demser MK-781 Metirosine methyl-tyrosine Metyrosine PT NCI]]> Demser BR NCI]]> Metirosine SY NCI]]> L-588357-0 CN NCI]]> Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine SY NCI]]> Metyrosine C999 999 primitive 308847 Amonafide Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical C0051733 C1882 Nafidimide SY NCI]]> Nafidimide SY DTP NSC0308847]]> Benzisoquinolinedione SY NCI]]> Nafidimide NCI a new imide derivative of naphthalic acid.]]> Benzisoquinolinedione SY DTP NSC0308847]]> Amonafide SY DTP NSC0308847]]> Amonafide PT NCI]]> Amonafide Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> AMONAFIDE PT NCI]]> 1H-benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione, 5-amino-2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) SY NCI]]> BIDA AB NCI]]> NSC-308847 M-FA-142 Benzisoquinolinedione BIDA Amonafide Hydrochloride Amonafide AMONAFIDE 1H-benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione, 5-amino-2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) NSC-308847 CN NCI]]> M-FA-142 CN NCI]]> Amonafide C1000 1000 primitive Amphiregulin (Recombinant) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0051755 Pharmacologic Substance Amphiregulin (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> NCI Amphiregulin is a heparin-binding, heparin-inhibited member of the epidermal growth factor family and an autocrine growth factor for human keratinocytes. It seems to play an important role in mammary epithelial cell growth regulation. It shows overexpression in various tumors. It is encoded by the AREG gene.]]> Amphiregulin (Recombinant) C1001 1001 primitive C0051764 Atvogen Pharmacologic Substance Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Poly(Inosinic Acid) Poly(Cytidylic(12), Uridylic)Acid SY NCI]]> Poly(I).Poly(c12,U) SY NCI]]> NCI Ampligen is the drug poly I: poly C12U, which is a specific synthetic form of mismatched double-stranded ribonucleic acid where uridylic acid (U) substitutions in the polycytidylic acid chain create periodic regions of non-hydrogen bonding in the helical configuration. It has potent, antiviral effects and probably works by inducing interferon production. (In Vivo 1994; 8(4):587-91)]]> Poly(I).Poly(c12,U) Ampligen Poly(Inosinic Acid) Poly(Cytidylic(12), Uridylic)Acid Ampligen BR NCI]]> Ampligen SY DTP NSC0616524]]> Atvogen PT NCI]]> Atvogen C1002 1002 primitive Angiogenin (Recombinant) Biologically Active Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0051844 Pharmacologic Substance Angiogenin (Recombinant) PT NCI]]> NCI The cellular and molecular events that result in neovascularization can be elicited by a variety of tissue-produced mediators. One of these, Angiogenin, is an exceedingly potent mediator of new blood vessel formation. Angiogenin is expressed in many cells. Angiogenin is a homologue of pancreatic ribonuclease. The ribonucleolytic active site of Angiogenin is critical for angiogenic activity; a second essential site binds to cellular receptors. (from OMIM 105850 and NCI)]]> Angiogenin (Recombinant) C1003 1003 primitive C0051936 Organic Chemical Antibiotic Ansamycin Antibiotic ansamycins PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046677]]> Ansamycins Ansamycin Antibiotics NCI-GLOSS A group of anticancer drugs that belongs to the family of drugs called antineoplastic antibiotics.]]> Ansamycin Antibiotics SY NCI]]> Ansamycin Antibiotic PT NCI]]> Ansamycins SY NCI]]> Ansamycin Antibiotic C1004 1004 primitive Antineoplaston A10 C0052080 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antineoplaston A10 PT NCI]]> NCI Synthethetic peptide and amino acid derivatives that form a defense against cancer by inducing differentiation in neoplastic cells. Current use: development of treatment for brain and breast tumors. (NCI)]]> 3-Phenylacetylamino-2,6-piperidinedione 3-phenylacetylamino-2, 6-piperidinedione 3-Phenylacetylamino-2,6-piperidinedione SY DTP NSC0619130]]> 3-phenylacetylamino-2, 6-piperidinedione SY NCI]]> Antineoplaston A10 C1005 1005 primitive 706363 Arsenic Trioxide C0052416 Pharmacologic Substance Inorganic Chemical arsenic trioxide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046018]]> ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (Trisenox) PT NCI]]> Arsenic Trioxide PT NCI]]> CAS 1327-53-3 CN NCI]]> CAS 1327-53-3 Arsenous Oxide Arsenous Acid Anhydride Arsenic Sesquioxide ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (Trisenox) Arsenic (III) Oxide Arsenous Acid NSC-706363 Trisenox White Arsenic NCI Has shown response in ATRA resistant Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in certain cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called antineoplastics.]]> Trisenox BR NCI]]> Arsenous Acid SY NCI]]> Arsenic (III) Oxide SY NCI]]> Arsenic Sesquioxide SY NCI]]> NSC-706363 CN NCI]]> Arsenous Oxide SY NCI]]> Arsenous Acid Anhydride SY NCI]]> White Arsenic SY NCI]]> Arsenic Trioxide C1006 1006 primitive Ossirene Organic Chemical C0052457 Pharmacologic Substance Ossirene PT NCI]]> AS101 AS 101 AS 101 SY DTP NSC0002023]]> AS-101 CN NCI]]> NCI Ossirene is a synthetic tellurium compound that has been reported to induce production of cytokines (eg IL-1, IL-2, TNF, CSF) in vitro. In preclinical studies, AS-101 exhibits a radioprotective effect]]> AS-101 IVX-Q-101 AS101 CN NCI]]> IVX-Q-101 CN NCI]]> Ossirene C1007 1007 primitive C0052754 Pharmacologic Substance Azapicyl Organic Chemical P-2292 CN NCI]]> 2-acetylhydrazide-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid SY NCI]]> 1-acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine SY NCI]]> CAS 17433-31-7 CN NCI]]> NSC-68626 SY DTP NSC0068626]]> NSC 68626 2-acetylhydrazide-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid CAS 17433-31-7 Azapicyl 1-acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine 1-Acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine NSC-68626 P-2292 NSC 68626 SY DTP NSC0068626]]> Azapicyl PT NCI]]> 1-Acetyl-2-picolinoylhydrazine SY DTP NSC0068626]]> NSC 68626 CN NCI]]> Azapicyl SY DTP NSC0068626]]> Azapicyl C1008 1008 primitive Azauridine Triacetate C0052757 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Triacetyl-6-azauridine SY NCI]]> Triacetyl-6-azauridine SY DTP NSC0067239]]> Triacetyl 6-azauridine SY DTP NSC0067239]]> SKI 28426 CN NCI]]> 2-(2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-as-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione SY NCI]]> 6-Azauridine triacetate SY DTP NSC0067239]]> Azauridine triacetate SY DTP NSC0067239]]> SKI 28426 SY DTP NSC0067239]]> Triacetyl-6-azuridine SY NCI]]> Triacetyl-6-azauridine Triacetyl 6-azuridine Triacetyl 6-azauridine Triacetyl-6-azuridine Triazure NCI a drug used in the treatment of psoriasis]]> Triacetyl 6-azuridine SY NCI]]> Triazure SY NCI]]> Triazure SY DTP NSC0067239]]> CB-304 Azauridine triacetate 6-Azauridine triacetate 6-Azauridine Triacetate 2-(2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-as-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 2',3',4'-azauridine triacetate Azaribine CB 304 SKI 28426 Triacetyl-6-azuridine SY DTP NSC0067239]]> CB-304 CN NCI]]> Azaribine SY NCI]]> 6-Azauridine Triacetate SY NCI]]> 2',3',4'-azauridine triacetate SY NCI]]> Azauridine Triacetate PT NCI]]> CB 304 SY DTP NSC0067239]]> Azauridine Triacetate C1009 1009 primitive C0052794 Ethylenimine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Ethylimine SY NCI]]> Azirane SY NCI]]> Azacyclopropane SY NCI]]> Dimethyleneimine SY NCI]]> Ethylimine Dimethyleneimine Aziridine Azacyclopropane Aminoethylene Azirane CAS 151-56-4 Ethyleneimine Dimethylenimine CSP2002 saturated, 3-membered organic ring system with 1 nitrogen heteroatom.]]> Aziridine SY NCI]]> Aminoethylene SY NCI]]> CAS 151-56-4 CN NCI]]> Ethylenimine PT NCI]]> Dimethylenimine SY NCI]]> Ethyleneimine SY NCI]]> Ethylenimine C1010 1010 primitive Nafazatrom Organic Chemical C0053025 Pharmacologic Substance Nafazatrom PT NCI]]> 1-(2-(beta-naphthyloxy)ethyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one Bay g 6575 3H-pyrazol-3-one,2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(2-(2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl Bay-g 6575 NCI An antithrombotic and antimetastatic agent having a pyrazolone functionality that inhibits peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes, heart homogenate, and low-density lipoproteins. (NCI)]]> Bay-g 6575 CN NCI]]> Bay g 6575 CN NCI]]> 3H-pyrazol-3-one,2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(2-(2-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl SY NCI]]> 1-(2-(beta-naphthyloxy)ethyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one SY NCI]]> Nafazatrom C1011 1011 primitive C0053065 Beauvericin Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Beauvericin PT NCI]]> NCI A cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. It causes apoptosis in insect, murine and to human cells. (NCI)]]> Beauvericin C1012 1012 primitive Benzodiazepine Organic Chemical C0053218 Pharmacologic Substance Benzodiazepine PT NCI]]> NCI Drugs from this chemical class are used for their central nervous system depressant properties including sedation, facilitation of sleep, seizure control, general anesthesia, anxiolytic, amnestic, and for detoxification from similar (cross tolerant) drugs]]> Benzodiazepine C1013 1013 primitive C0053230 Benznidazole Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Ro-7-1051 CN NCI]]> 2-Nitro-N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-1-acetamide N-benzyl-2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide N-Benzyl-2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide Benznidazole Radanil Ro-7-1051 Benznidazole PT NCI]]> N-Benzyl-2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide SY DTP NSC0299972]]> N-benzyl-2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide SY NCI]]> NCI A nitroimidazole derivative having an antiprotozoal activity by interfering with parasite protein biosynthesis, influencing cytokines production and stimulating host phagocytosis. Current use: trypanosomiasis treatment. (NCI)]]> Radanil BR NCI]]> 2-Nitro-N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-1-acetamide SY NCI]]> Benznidazole SY DTP NSC0299972]]> Benznidazole C1014 1014 primitive Verteporfin Organic Chemical C0053236 Pharmacologic Substance Visudyne BR NCI]]> Verteporfin PT NCI]]> NCI Approved for photodynamic therapy of age-related macular degeneration.]]> Visudyne Benzoporphyrin Derivative Monoacid Ring A BPD-MA BPD-MA AB NCI]]> Benzoporphyrin Derivative Monoacid Ring A SY NCI]]> Verteporfin C1015 1015 primitive C0053355 Ubenimex Antibiotic Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein [S-(R*,S*)]-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-L-leucine SY NCI]]> [S-(R*,S*)]-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-L-leucine N-[(2S,3R)-4-phenyl-3-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-L-leucine Bestatin L-Leucine, N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-, [S-(R*,S*)]- NK 421 [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine NCI An aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase inhibitor. A biological response modifier that exhibits direct antileukemic effects against human leukemic cell lines through the induction of apoptosis.]]> Bestatin SY NCI]]> Bestatin SY DTP NSC0265489]]> L-Leucine, N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)-, [S-(R*,S*)]- SY DTP NSC0265489]]> [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine SY NCI]]> NK 421 CN NCI]]> N-[(2S,3R)-4-phenyl-3-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-L-leucine SY NCI]]> Ubenimex PT NCI]]> Ubenimex C1016 1016 primitive Beta Carotene Pharmacologic Substance C0053396 Vitamin beta carotene PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045328]]> CAROTENE, BETA .beta.-Carotene Solatene CAROTENE, BETA SY DTP NSC0062794]]> .beta.-Carotene SY DTP NSC0062794]]> Beta Carotene PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)]]> NCI-GLOSS A vitamin A precursor. Beta carotene belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids.]]> Solatene BR NCI]]> Solatene SY DTP NSC0062794]]> Beta Carotene C1017 1017 primitive C0053444 Glucuronidase Inhibitor Pharmacologic Substance beta-Glucuronidase Inhibitors SY NCI]]> beta-D-Glucuronidase Inhibitors beta-Glucuronidase Inhibitors NCI A chemopreventive compound that inhibits beta-glucuronidase and prevents hydrolysis of their glucuronides. Examples are calcium D-glucarate and saccharolactone. (NCI)]]> beta-D-Glucuronidase Inhibitors SY NCI]]> Glucuronidase Inhibitor PT NCI]]> Glucuronidase Inhibitor C1018 1018 primitive Klebsiella pneumoniae Glycoprotein Pharmacologic Substance C0053640 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein RU 41740 CN NCI]]> NCI An immunostimulant glycoprotein extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae.]]> RU 41740 Biostim Biostim BR NCI]]> Klebsiella pneumoniae Glycoprotein PT NCI]]> Klebsiella pneumoniae Glycoprotein C1019 1019 primitive 337766 Bisantrene C2504 Pharmacologic Substance Antibiotic Organic Chemical C0053776 Zantrene FB NCI]]> NSC-337766 CN NCI]]> Bisantrene PT NCI]]> 9,10,Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde SY NCI]]> 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde Bis(2-imidazolin-2-yl)hydrazone SY NCI]]> Orange Crush Zantrene NCI a novel intercalating cytotoxic agent under investigation as an anticancer agent.]]> NSC 337766 SY DTP NSC0337766]]> CL 216942 SY DTP NSC0337766]]> Bisantrene Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> BISANTRENE HCL PT NCI]]> ADCA AB NCI]]> ADAH AB NCI]]> BISANTRENE HCL ADCA ADAH 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde Bis(2-imidazolin-2-yl)hydrazone 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxakdehyde Bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] 9,10,Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde Bisantrene Dihydrochloride NSC-337766 CL-216942 CL 216942 Bisantrene Hydrochloride NSC 337766 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxakdehyde Bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] SY NCI]]> Bisantrene Dihydrochloride SY NCI]]> CL-216942 CN NCI]]> Orange Crush SY NCI]]> Bisantrene C1020 1020 primitive Bismuth Subsalicylate C0053792 Inorganic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Pepto-Bismol BR NCI]]> Bismuth Subsalicylate PT NCI]]> Pepto-Bismol Bismuth Subsalicylate C1021 1021 primitive C0053879 Pharmacologic Substance Batanopride Organic Chemical Batanopride PT NCI]]> BMY-25801 CN NCI]]> BMY-25801 NCI A serotonin antagonist having antiemetic properties. (NCI)]]> Batanopride C1022 1022 primitive Emitefur C0053902 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance emitefur PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045578]]> 3-[[3-(Ethoxymethyl)-5-fluoro-3.6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H0-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid 6-(Benzoyloxy)-3-cyano-2-pyridinyl Ester SY NCI]]> 3-[3-(6-Benzoyloxy-3-cyrano-2-pyridyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl]-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> 3-[[3-(Ethoxymethyl)-5-fluoro-3.6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H0-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid 6-(Benzoyloxy)-3-cyano-2-pyridinyl Ester CAS 110690-43-2 Ethoxymethyl-5-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid, 6-(Benzoyloxy)-3-cyano-2-pyridinyl Ester BOF-A2 3-[3-(6-Benzoyloxy-3-cyrano-2-pyridyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl]-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil (2) m-[[3-(Ethoxymethyl)-5-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid, 2-Ester with 2,6-Dihydroxynicotinonitrile Benzoate (Ester) Last-F BOF-A2 CN NCI]]> (2) m-[[3-(Ethoxymethyl)-5-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid, 2-Ester with 2,6-Dihydroxynicotinonitrile Benzoate (Ester) SY NCI]]> CAS 110690-43-2 CN NCI]]> Emitefur PT NCI]]> Ethoxymethyl-5-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-2,6-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]carbonyl]benzoic Acid, 6-(Benzoyloxy)-3-cyano-2-pyridinyl Ester SY NCI]]> Last-F FB NCI]]> Emitefur C1023 1023 primitive C0054066 Organic Chemical Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potassium Antibiotic Augmentin BR NCI]]> Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potassium PT NCI]]> Augmentin MSH2002_06_01 A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate (see AMOXICILLIN), an aminopenicillin, and potassium clavulanate (see CLAVULANIC ACID), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, used to treat a broad-spectrum of bacterial infections, especially resistant strains.]]> Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Potassium C1024 1024 primitive Bropirimine C0054150 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance U-54,461 CN NCI]]> Remisar BR NCI]]> Bropirimine PT NCI]]> 4-Pyrimidinol, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- SY DTP NSC0149027]]> 4-Pyrimidinol, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- SY NCI]]> Remisar Bropirimine ABPP 4-Pyrimidinol, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- CAS 56741-95-8 U-54,461 NCI An oral immunostimulant that causes the body to produce interferon and other substances.]]> Bropirimine SY DTP NSC0149027]]> ABPP SY DTP NSC0149027]]> 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- SY NCI]]> ABPP AB NCI]]> CAS 56741-95-8 CN NCI]]> Bropirimine C1025 1025 primitive C0054160 Organic Chemical Bruceantin Antibiotic [11Beta,12alpha,15beta(E)]-15-[(3,4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2,16-dioxopicras-3-en-21-oic Acid Methyl Ester SY NCI]]> Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, Methyl Ester,[11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E)] SY NCI]]> Picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, methyl ester [11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E]- SY DTP NSC0165563]]> NSC-165563 CN NCI]]> BRUCEANTIN SY DTP NSC0165563]]> NSC 165563 CAS 41451756 BRUCEANTIN Bruceantin NCI bruceantin turned out to be unsatisfactory in fighting leukemia cells, and in 1986 the National Cancer Institute stopped its testing of the drug, which had reached phase I clinical trials. Isolated from a shrub.]]> NSC 165563 SY DTP NSC0165563]]> CAS 41451756 CN NCI]]> Bruceantin SY DTP NSC0165563]]> Bruceantin PT NCI]]> 2H-3, 11c-(Epoxymethano)phenanthro[10,1-bc]pyran, Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid Derivative [11Beta,12alpha,15beta(E)]-15-[(3,4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2,16-dioxopicras-3-en-21-oic Acid Methyl Ester Picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, methyl ester, [11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E)]- Picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, methyl ester [11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E]- Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid, 15-[(3,4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11, 12-trihydroxy-2,16-dioxo-, Methyl Ester, (11.beta.,12.alpha,15.beta.(E)) Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, Methyl Ester,[11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E)] NSC-165563 2H-3, 11c-(Epoxymethano)phenanthro[10,1-bc]pyran, Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid Derivative SY NCI]]> Picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 15-[(3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-2, 16-dioxo-, methyl ester, [11.beta.,12.alpha.,15.beta.(E)]- SY DTP NSC0165563]]> Picras-3-en-21-oic Acid, 15-[(3,4-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)oxy]-13,20-epoxy-3,11, 12-trihydroxy-2,16-dioxo-, Methyl Ester, (11.beta.,12.alpha,15.beta.(E)) SY NCI]]> Bruceantin C1026 1026 primitive Bryostatin-1 Organic Chemical C0054173 339555 Pharmacologic Substance bryostatin 1 PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045630]]> Bryostatin-1 PT NCI]]> B705008K112 CN NCI]]> Bryostatin 1 SY NCI]]> CAS 83314016 CN NCI]]> Bryostatin-1 Bryostatin Bryostatin 1 NSC 339555 CSP2002 natural product with antineoplastic activity; derived from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritana.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used for its antitumor activity.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Phase 2 study of bryostatin-1 in stage IV breast cancer]]> NCI a ligand and modulator of protein kinase C]]> NSC 339555 CN NCI]]> B705008K112 CAS 83314016 Bryostatin PT NCI]]> B705008K112 SY DTP NSC0339555]]> Bryostatin 1 SY DTP NSC0339555]]> Bryostatin-1 C1027 1027 primitive C2512 C0054201 Pharmacologic Substance Budesonide Steroid budesonide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046151]]> Butacort FB NCI]]> (RS)-11beta,16alpha,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal w/ butyraldehyde SY NCI]]> Budecort SY NCI]]> Butacort SY NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A glucocorticoid used in the management of asthma, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic rhinitis.]]> NCI-GLOSS A steroid being studied as an anticancer drug. Budesonide is commonly used to treat asthma and rhinitis.]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Lung Rhinocort SY NCI]]> Rhinocort BR NCI]]> Pulmicort Turbuhaler SY NCI]]> Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,16,17-(butylidenebis(oxy))-11,21-dihydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)- SY NCI]]> Preferid FB NCI]]> Eltair SY NCI]]> Budecort (RS)-11beta,16alpha,17,21,-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal w/ butyraldehyde (RS)-11beta,16alpha,17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal w/ butyraldehyde Butacort Nasocort Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,16,17-(butylidenebis(oxy))-11,21-dihydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)- Pulmicort Turbuhaler Rhinocort NCI-GLOSS (try-am-SIN-oh-lone) A substance that is being studied for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer. It is an anti-inflammatory drug that is applied to the skin to relieve irritation, rashes, and infections. It belongs to the family of drugs called topical corticosteroids.]]> Preferid Eltair Budesonide PT NCI]]> Budecort FB NCI]]> (RS)-11beta,16alpha,17,21,-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal w/ butyraldehyde SY NCI]]> Eltair FB NCI]]> Pulmicort Turbuhaler BR NCI]]> Nasocort SY NCI]]> Preferid SY NCI]]> Budesonide C1028 1028 primitive Butein Pharmacologic Substance C0054245 Organic Chemical Butein PT NCI]]> 2',3,4,4'-Tetrahydroxy-chalcone NCI A flavonoid obtained from the seed of Cyclopia subternata. It is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis. (NCI)]]> 2',3,4,4'-Tetrahydroxy-chalcone SY NCI]]> Butein C1029 1029 primitive 326231 C0054252 Pharmacologic Substance Buthionine Sulfoximine Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein buthionine sulfoximine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045163]]> Buthionine Sulfoximine PT NCI]]> Butanoic Acid, 2-Amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)- SY NCI]]> L-BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE PT NCI]]> L-Buthionine sulfoximine SY DTP NSC0326231]]> 2-Amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl) Butanoic Acid SY NCI]]> Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)- SY DTP NSC0326231]]> Buthionine Sulphoximine Butanoic Acid, 2-Amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)- 2-Amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl) Butanoic Acid BSO Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)- L-BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE L-Buthionine sulfoximine S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-S-butylsulfoximine S-(n-Butyl)homocysteine Sulfoximine NSC-326231 L-Buthionine Sulfoximine MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7)]]> CSP2002 used as a thiol depleter and inhibitor of the enzyme gamma glutamylcysteine synthase.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that may help prevent resistance to some anticancer drugs.]]> S-(n-Butyl)homocysteine Sulfoximine SY NCI]]> S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-S-butylsulfoximine SY NCI]]> NSC-326231 CN NCI]]> L-Buthionine Sulfoximine SY NCI]]> Buthionine Sulphoximine SY NCI]]> BSO AB NCI]]> Buthionine Sulfoximine C1030 1030 primitive Butocin Organic Chemical C0054258 Pharmacologic Substance butocine SY NCI]]> benin spofa SY NCI]]> N-(5-(6-purinylthio)valeryl)glycine ethyl ester SY NCI]]> benin SY NCI]]> NSC-172755 CN NCI]]> Butocin SY DTP NSC0172755]]> Butocin PT NCI]]> Butocine Benin Butocin N-(5-(6-purinylthio)valeryl)glycine ethyl ester benin spofa benin butocine NCI A synthetic oxytocin, for injection.]]> Butocine SY DTP NSC0172755]]> NSC-172755 Benin SY DTP NSC0172755]]> Butocin C1031 1031 primitive 351521 C0054332 Organic Chemical Piritrexim Pharmacologic Substance C1682 piritrexim PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045276]]> NSC-351521 CN NCI]]> BW 301U SY DTP NSC0351521]]> Piritrexim isethionate SY DTP NSC0351521]]> Piritrexim PT NCI]]> 2,4-Diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine SY NCI]]> BW-301U CN NCI]]> 2,4-Diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine BW-301U BW 301U 6-[(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine NSC-351521 Piritrexim Isethionate NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug.]]> Piritrexim Isethionate SY NCI]]> 6-[(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine SY NCI]]> Piritrexim C1032 1032 primitive Cactinomycin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Antibiotic C0054404 Cactinomycin SY DTP NSC0018268]]> Actinomycin C SY DTP NSC0018268]]> CACTINOMYCIN SY DTP NSC0018268]]> ACTINOMYCIN C SY DTP NSC0018268]]> Actinomycin C BR NCI]]> Cactinomycin PT NCI]]> CACTINOMYCIN Actinomycin C ACTINOMYCIN C Cactinomycin Cactinomycin C1033 1033 primitive CL053563 Pharmacologic Substance Caffeine, Citrated Organic Chemical Caffeine, Citrated PT NCI]]> Caffeine, Citrated C1034 1034 primitive Heparin Calcium Carbohydrate Pharmacologic Substance C0054452 Heparin Calcium PT NCI]]> Calciparine BR NCI]]> Calciparine Heparin Calcium C1035 1035 primitive C0054506 Antibiotic Calicheamicin Gamma 1I Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Calicheamicin Gamma 1I PT NCI]]> NCI Calicheamicin gamma 1I is a bacterial product that is a prominent member of the enediyne class of antitumor antibiotics. Calicheamicin gamma 1I binds to DNA, causing double-stranded breaks, and cells exposed to it eventually become apoptotic. (from Chem Biol 1994;1:57-66)]]> Calicheamicin Gamma 1I C1036 1036 primitive Canola Oil Food Lipid C0054599 Canola Oil PT NCI]]> NCI Vegetable oil developed from rapeseed plant. Current use: cooking and industrial use. (NCI)]]> Canola Oil C1037 1037 primitive C0054633 Pharmacologic Substance Caracemide Organic Chemical NSC 253272 CN NCI]]> Caracemide PT NCI]]> CAS 81424-67-1 CN NCI]]> Acetamide, N-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0253272]]> Acetamide, N-[(Methylamino)carbonyl]-N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-(9CI) SY NCI]]> N-Acetyl-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)-N'-methylurea SY NCI]]> NCI no activity in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. (from Invest New Drugs 1996;14:409-13)]]> CAS 81424-67-1 Acetamide, N-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]- (9CI) Acetamide, N-[(Methylamino)carbonyl]-N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-(9CI) N-Acetyl-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)-N'-methylurea NSC 253272 Caracemide C1038 1038 primitive Carbogen Inorganic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0054692 carbogen PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045415]]> NCI-GLOSS An inhalant of oxygen and carbon dioxide that increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to the effects of radiation therapy.]]> Carbogen PT NCI]]> Carbogen C1039 1039 primitive C0054727 Pharmacologic Substance Carbovir Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Carbovir SY DTP NSC0614846]]> NCI an anti-HIV agent]]> Carbovir PT NCI]]> (+ -)-Carbovir SY DTP NSC0614846]]> NCI Carboxycinnamic Acid Bishydroxamide]]> (+ -)-Carbovir Carbovir Carbovir C1040 1040 primitive Carzinophilin C0054841 Organic Chemical Carzinophilin PT NCI]]> CARZINOPHILIN SY DTP NSC0020088]]> CARZINOPHILIN NCI An antitumor antibiotic that is produced by actinomycetes and inhibits DNA synthesis by causing interstrand DNA cross-linkages. (NCI)]]> Carzinophilin C1041 1041 primitive C0055003 Pharmacologic Substance Cefepime Organic Chemical Antibiotic cefepime PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045032]]> Maxipime BR NCI]]> NCI A semi-synthetic, broad spectrum, fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic which inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by interfering with the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis which ultimately causes the bacterial to lyse. Current use: treat a wide variety of gram-negative and positive bacterial infection. (NCI)]]> Pyrrolidinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))- Maxipime NCI-GLOSS A drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called cephalosporin antibiotics.]]> Cefepime PT NCI]]> Pyrrolidinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))- SY NCI]]> Cefepime C1042 1042 primitive Cetirizine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0055147 Zyrtec BR NCI]]> Zyrtec MSH2002_06_01 A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.]]> Cetirizine PT NCI]]> Cetirizine C1043 1043 primitive C0055205 Pharmacologic Substance CGP-6809 Organic Chemical ethyl-6-deoxy-3,5-di-O-methyl-6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside] SY NCI]]> CGP-6809 PT NCI]]> 6-deoxy-3,5 di-O-methyl 6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside SY NCI]]> EDMN AB NCI]]> NCI a water-soluble nitrosourea]]> EDMN 6-deoxy-3,5 di-O-methyl 6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside ethyl-6-deoxy-3,5-di-O-methyl-6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alpha-D-glucofuranoside] CGP-6809 C1044 1044 primitive Fadrozole Hydrochloride Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0055226 Fadrozole SY NCI]]> CGS-16949A CN NCI]]> Fadrozole Hydrochloride PT NCI]]> Arensin SY NCI]]> Fadrozole Afema Arensin CGS-16949A NCI 4-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroimidazo(1,5-a)pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile. A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer. (MSH99)]]> Afema SY NCI]]> Fadrozole Hydrochloride C1045 1045 primitive C0055261 Organic Chemical Chamomile Biologically Active Substance Chamomile SY DTP NSC0083244]]> Chamomile PT NCI]]> Chamomile Chamomile C1046 1046 primitive Chaparrinone Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0055268 Picras-3-ene-2,16-dione, 11,20-epoxy-1,11,12-trihydroxy-, (1beta,11beta,12alpha)- SY NCI]]> Chaparrinone SY DTP NSC0288754]]> NCI A quassinoid fraction of the root barks of Ailanthus integrifolia, species calycina, inhibiting protein synthesis and having antitumor activity. (NCI)]]> Chaparrinone Picras-3-ene-2,16-dione, 11,20-epoxy-1,11,12-trihydroxy-, (1beta,11beta,12alpha)- Chaparrinone PT NCI]]> Chaparrinone C1047 1047 primitive C0055377 Pharmacologic Substance Chlornaphazine Organic Chemical Chlornaphazine SY DTP NSC0062209]]> Chlornaphazine NCI An alkylating antineoplastic agent no longer used in the United States, because it induces chromosomal aberration and causes cancer. (NCI)]]> Chlornaphazine PT NCI]]> Chlornaphazine C1048 1048 primitive Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0055390 Sulfonated Aluminum Phthalocyanine PT NCI]]> Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine PT NCI]]> AlSPc AB NCI]]> Non-Sulfonated Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine SY NCI]]> Aluminum Sulfonated Phthalocyanine SY NCI]]> NCI A rhodamine-based dye used as a photosensitizing agent in cytotoxic photodynamic therapy. (NCI)]]> Non-Sulfonated Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Aluminum Sulfonated Phthalocyanine AlSPc Sulfonated Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine C1049 1049 primitive C0055465 Pharmacologic Substance Chlorozotocin Carbohydrate Antibiotic NSC-178248 CN NCI]]> D-Glucose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0178248]]> D-glucose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- (9CI) SY NCI]]> D-Glucopyranose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- SY DTP NSC0178248]]> CZT AB NCI]]> 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose SY NCI]]> CAS 54749905 CN NCI]]> D-Glucose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- (9CI) D-Glucopyranose Chlorozotocin CAS 54749905 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(D-glucos-2-yl)urea CZT Chlorozotocyna D-Glucopyranose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- D-glucopyranose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy NSC 178248 D-glucose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy- (9CI) DCNU NSC-178248 NSC 178248 SY DTP NSC0178248]]> DCNU SY DTP NSC0178248]]> DCNU AB NCI]]> D-glucopyranose, 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy SY NCI]]> D-Glucopyranose SY NCI]]> Chlorozotocyna SY NCI]]> Chlorozotocin PT NCI]]> 2-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose SY NCI]]> 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(D-glucos-2-yl)urea SY NCI]]> Chlorozotocin SY DTP NSC0178248]]> Chlorozotocin C1050 1050 primitive CI-921 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance C0055687 NSC-343499 CN NCI]]> CI-921 SY DTP NSC0343499]]> 4-Acridinecarboxamide,9-((2-methoxy-4-((methylsulfonyl)amino)phenyl)amino-N,5-dimethyl SY NCI]]> NCI an amsacrine analog]]> Amsalog 4-Acridinecarboxamide,9-((2-methoxy-4-((methylsulfonyl)amino)phenyl)amino-N,5-dimethyl CI-921 NSC-343499 CI-921 PT NCI]]> Amsalog SY NCI]]> CI-921 C1051 1051 primitive C0055729 Pharmacologic Substance Cilostazol Organic Chemical Pletal BR NCI]]> Pletal NCI A phosphodiestrase III inhibitor for treating stable intermittent claudication, a severe pain, aching or cramping in the legs that occurs with walking, due to atherosclerosis. (from FDA Talk Paper)]]> Cilostazol PT NCI]]> Cilostazol C1052 1052 primitive CL 246738 Organic Chemical C0055843 Pharmacologic Substance CL 246738 PT NCI]]> NCI An immunomodulator, 3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy) acridine trihydrochloride, used in a phase I study for possible immunostimulatory effects in colorectal cancer. (NCI)]]> 3,6-bis-(2-piperidinoethoxyl)acridine trihydrochloride CL 246,738 CL 246,738 CN NCI]]> 3,6-bis-(2-piperidinoethoxyl)acridine trihydrochloride SY NCI]]> CL 246738 C1053 1053 primitive C0055849 Pharmacologic Substance Zeniplatin Inorganic Chemical Zeniplatin PT NCI]]> CL 286,558 NCI A third-generation, water-soluble platinum compound. Current use: in development for solid tumor treatment. (NCI)]]> CL 286,558 CN NCI]]> Zeniplatin C1054 1054 primitive Clarithromycin C784 C0055856 Antibiotic Carbohydrate clarithromycin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045449]]> 6-O-Methylerythromycin Abbott-56268 Biaxin MSH2002_06_01 A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.]]> CSP2002 semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; derivative of erythromycin.]]> NCI-GLOSS An antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called macrolides.]]> 6-O-Methylerythromycin SY NCI]]> Abbott-56268 SY NCI]]> Biaxin PT NCI]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Multiple Myeloma Clarithromycin SY DTP NSC0643733]]> Biaxin BR NCI]]> Clarithromycin PT NCI]]> Clarithromycin C1055 1055 primitive C0055966 Immunologic Factor OGX-011 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein TRPM-2 Antisense SY NCI]]> Antisense Clusterin Antisense testosterone-repressed prostate message 2 TRPM-2 Antisense CSP2002 a widely distributed glycoprotein with a diverse set of biologic actions, the most prominent of which is its ability to promote cell interactions; another unique feature is its induction at times of tissue injury and remodeling.]]> NCI A mixed-backbone oligonucleotide inhibiting the expression of TRPM-2 (Clusterin), causing sensitization of tumor cells to standard anticancer therapy. OGX-011 (TRPM-2 Antisense Oligonucleotide or Clusterin Antisense Oligonucleotide) has been in clinical trials for prostate cancer.]]> CSP2002 secreted protein from Sertoli cells.]]> Antisense Clusterin SY NCI]]> Antisense testosterone-repressed prostate message 2 SY NCI]]> OGX-011 PT NCI]]> Antisense TRPM-2 Antisense TRPM-2 SY NCI]]> OGX-011 C1056 1056 primitive Copovithane Pharmacologic Substance C0056285 Organic Chemical Copovithane PT NCI]]> NCI a synthetic polymer (copolymer of 1,3-bis(methylaminocarboxyl)-2-methylenepropanecarbamate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone) which acts as a nonspecific immune modulator. (from J Invest Surg 1989;2:423-9 and Am J Clin Oncol 1987;10:139-40)]]> CPV BAY I 7433 BAY I 7433 CN NCI]]> CPV AB NCI]]> Copovithane C1057 1057 primitive 63984 C756 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Antibiotic Cordycepin C0056331 cordycepin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045536]]> 3'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate 3'-Deoxyadenosine 3'-dA-CE Phosphoramidite Cordycepine 3-dAdenosine 9-Cordyceposidoadenine Kordicepin NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to a family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.]]> NCI An antibiotic, analogue of ribonucleotide, which inhibits mRNA synthesis. (NCI)]]> 3-dAdenosine SY NCI]]> 3'-dA-CE Phosphoramidite SY NCI]]> Cordycepine SY NCI]]> Kordicepin SY NCI]]> 9-Cordyceposidoadenine SY NCI]]> 3'-Deoxyadenosine SY NCI]]> 3'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate SY NCI]]> Cordycepin PT NCI]]> CORDYCEPIN SY DTP NSC0063984]]> Cordycepin C1058 1058 primitive Cortisone Acetate C0056391 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Cortone SY DTP NSC0009703]]> Cortone Cortisone acetate Cortogen Cortone Acetate Cortone acetate NCI The acetate salt of Cortisone. (NCI)]]> Cortone acetate SY DTP NSC0049420]]> Cortone BR NCI]]> Cortogen BR NCI]]> Cortisone acetate SY DTP NSC0049420]]> Cortisone Acetate PT NCI]]> Cortone Acetate BR NCI]]> Cortogen SY DTP NSC0009703]]> Cortisone Acetate C1059 1059 primitive C0056855 Steroid Cyproterone Acetate Pharmacologic Substance cyproterone acetate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046077]]> Chloro-6-hydroxy-17 Alpha Methylene-1 Alpha, 2 Alpha Pregnadiene-4,6 Dione-3, 20 Acetate Androcur Andro-Diane 6-Chloro-1b,2b-dihydro-17a-hydroxy-3'H-cyclopropa[1,2]pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione Acetate 3'H-Cyclopropa(1,2)pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione, 17-(Acetyloxy)-6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-, (1beta,2beta)- CyPat Cyprostat Dianette Diane Cyprone Cyproteronazetat Cyproteroni Acetas SH 714 SH-714 MSH2002_06_01 An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.]]> NCI-GLOSS A synthetic hormone being studied for treatment of hot flashes in men with prostate cancer who have had both testicles removed by surgery.]]> SH 714 SY DTP NSC0081430]]> Diane FB NCI]]> Cyproterone Acetate PT NCI]]> Cyprostat FB NCI]]> Cyprone FB NCI]]> CyPat AB NCI]]> Chloro-6-hydroxy-17 Alpha Methylene-1 Alpha, 2 Alpha Pregnadiene-4,6 Dione-3, 20 Acetate SY NCI]]> Androcur SY DTP NSC0081430]]> Androcur FB NCI]]> Andro-Diane FB NCI]]> Dianette FB NCI]]> Cyproteroni Acetas SY NCI]]> Cyproteronazetat SY NCI]]> 6-Chloro-1b,2b-dihydro-17a-hydroxy-3'H-cyclopropa[1,2]pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione Acetate SY NCI]]> 3'H-Cyclopropa(1,2)pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione, 17-(Acetyloxy)-6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-, (1beta,2beta)- SY NCI]]> SH-714 CN NCI]]> SH-714 SY DTP NSC0081430]]> Cyproterone Acetate C1060 1060 primitive Daidzein C0057090 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Daidzein PT NCI]]> 4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone 4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone SY NCI]]> NCI An isoflavone extract from soy, which is an inactive analog of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. It has antioxidant and phytoestrogenic properties. Current use: may reduce the risk of certain hormone-dependent cancers; manage menopause symptoms, and osteoporosis. (NCI)]]> Daidzein C1061 1061 primitive C0057158 Pharmacologic Substance Daunorubicin-DNA Complex Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Daunorubicin-DNA Complex PT NCI]]> Daunomycin-DNA Complex DNR-DNA complex DNR-DNA complex SY NCI]]> Daunomycin-DNA Complex SY NCI]]> Daunorubicin-DNA Complex C1062 1062 primitive Duborimycin Organic Chemical C0057159 Antibiotic Duborimycin PT NCI]]> Duborimycin C1063 1063 primitive C0057256 Defensins Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Immunologic Factor Defensins PT NCI]]> CSP2002 family of cysteine rich, 29-35 amino acid, natural antibiotic peptides.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity. Based on the disulfide pairing of their characteristic six cysteine residues, they are divided into ALPHA-DEFENSINS and BETA-DEFENSINS.]]> Defensins C1064 1064 primitive Defibrotide Pharmacologic Substance C0057257 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide defibrotide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046709]]> Defibrotide PT NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug under study for the prevention of veno-occlusive disease, a rare complication of high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation in which small veins in the liver become blocked.]]> Defibrotide C1065 1065 primitive C0057545 Desmethylmisonidazole Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Organic Chemical SR-1530 CN NCI]]> Desmethylmisonidazole PT NCI]]> Desmethylmisonidazole SY DTP NSC0261036]]> Demethylmisonidazole SY NCI]]> Demethylmisonidazole SY DTP NSC0261036]]> Ro 05-9963 CN NCI]]> SR-1530 Demethylmisonidazole Desmethylmisonidazole Ro 05-9963 NCI a radiosensitizer]]> Desmethylmisonidazole C1066 1066 primitive Detorubicin Organic Chemical C0057578 Antibiotic Diethoxy-,2-(4-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenyl)-2-oxoethyl ester,(2S-cis) Acetic Acid SY NCI]]> Detorubicin PT NCI]]> NCI an antineoplastic antibiotic]]> 14-Diethoxyacetoxydaunorubicin Diethoxy-,2-(4-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-2,5,12-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenyl)-2-oxoethyl ester,(2S-cis) Acetic Acid 14-Diethoxyacetoxydaunorubicin SY NCI]]> Detorubicin C1067 1067 primitive C0057598 Dexamethasone Acetate Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Solurex LA BR NCI]]> Dexasone LA BR NCI]]> Dalalone DP BR NCI]]> Dectancyl FB NCI]]> Decadron LA BR NCI]]> Dalalone LA BR NCI]]> Dexamethasone acetate SY DTP NSC0039471]]> Dectancyl SY DTP NSC0034521]]> Dectancyl Dalalone LA Dalalone DP Decadron LA Dexasone LA Dexamethasone acetate Solurex LA NCI The acetate salt form of Dexamethasone. (NCI)]]> Dexamethasone Acetate PT NCI]]> Dexamethasone Acetate C1068 1068 primitive Anguidine Organic Chemical C0057671 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate SY DTP NSC0141537]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3, 4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0177378]]> 3.Alpha,4.Beta, 15-triol, 12, 13-epoxy-,4, 15-diacetate (8CI) SY NCI]]> 3, 4-Diacetoxyscirpen-15-ol SY DTP NSC0283150]]> NSC-141537 CN NCI]]> 4, 15-Diacetoxyscirpen-3-ol SY NCI]]> ANGUIDINE SY DTP NSC0141537]]> Anguidine PT NCI]]> NSC-141537 Diacetoxyscirpenol DAS Anguidin ANGUIDINE 4.Beta, 15-diacetoxy-3.alpha-hydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene 4, 15-Diacetoxyscirpen-3-ol 3.Alpha,4.Beta, 15-triol, 12, 13-epoxy-,4, 15-diacetate (8CI) 3, 4-Diacetoxyscirpen-15-ol Trichothec-9-ene-3,4, 15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate SY NCI]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3,4, 15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate SY DTP NSC0141537]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4, 15-diacetate SY DTP NSC0177378]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0141537]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3,4, 15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0141537]]> Trichothec-9-ene-3, 4, 15-triol, 12, 13-epoxy-, 4, 15-diacetate (3.alpha, 4.beta)-(9CI) SY NCI]]> MM 4462 CN NCI]]> Diacetoxyscirpenol SY NCI]]> DAS AB NCI]]> MM 4462 Trichothec-9-ene-3, 4, 15-triol, 12, 13-epoxy-, 4, 15-diacetate (3.alpha, 4.beta)-(9CI) Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4, 15-diacetate Trichothec-9-ene-3,4, 15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) Trichothec-9-ene-3, 4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) Trichothec-9-ene-3,4, 15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,15-triol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate, (3.alpha.,4.beta.)- (9CI) NCI A fungal toxin]]> Anguidin SY NCI]]> 4.Beta, 15-diacetoxy-3.alpha-hydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene SY NCI]]> Anguidine C1069 1069 primitive C0057767 Dibenzo (A,L) Pyrene Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene SY DTP NSC0090324]]> Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene Dibenzo (A,L) Pyrene PT NCI]]> Dibenzo (A,L) Pyrene C1070 1070 primitive Iproplatin Pharmacologic Substance C0057856 Inorganic Chemical Platinum, dichlorodihydroxybis(2-propanamine)-, (oc-6-33)- SY DTP NSC0256927]]> (OC-6-33)-dichlorodihydroxybis(2-propanamine)platinum SY NCI]]> CHIP AB NCI]]> Platinum, dichlorodihydroxybis(2-propanamine)-, (oc-6-33)- (OC-6-33)-dichlorodihydroxybis(2-propanamine)platinum JM-9 CHIP NCI An inorganic alkylating platinum complex which inhibits DNA synthesis by causing both intra and interstrand DNA cross-linkages. Current use: Similar to Cisplatin with slight differences in response rate for certain type of cancers. (NCI)]]> JM-9 CN NCI]]> Iproplatin PT NCI]]> Iproplatin C1071 1071 primitive C0058031 Organic Chemical Porfimer Sodium Pharmacologic Substance porfimer sodium PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045291]]> Porfimer Sodium PT NCI]]> CL-184116 CN NCI]]> DHE AB NCI]]> Photofrin II SY NCI]]> Dihematoporphyrin Ester SY NCI]]> Photofrin II SY DTP NSC0603062]]> Porfimer SY NCI]]> dihematoporphyrin ether SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046110]]> DHE CL-184116 Photofrin Photofrin II Porfimer NCI-GLOSS Used in photodynamic therapy, a drug that is absorbed by tumor cells; when exposed to light, it becomes active and kills the cancer cells.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used in photodynamic therapy that is absorbed by tumor cells. When absorbed by cancer cells and exposed to light, photofrin becomes active and kills the cancer cells.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that is also used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called photosensitizing agents.]]> MSH2002_06_01 The purified component of HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE, it consists of a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins. It is used in photodynamic therapy (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION); to treat malignant lesions with visible light and experimentally as an antiviral agent. It is the first drug to be approved in the use of photodynamic therapy in the United States.]]> Dihematoporphyrin Ether Dihematoporphyrin Ester photofrin SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046105]]> Photofrin BR NCI]]> Dihematoporphyrin Ether SY NCI]]> Porfimer Sodium C1072 1072 primitive 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine C0058187 Organic Chemical UDMH SY DTP NSC0060517]]> UDMH AB NCI]]> 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine PT NCI]]> Dimazine SY NCI]]> Dimazine SY DTP NSC0060517]]> UDMH 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Dimazine NCI A known colorless carcinogen liquid compound having a pungent odor. Current use: Industrial and agricultural uses such as jet fuel, herbicides, chemical reagents and absorbents. (NCI)]]> 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine SY DTP NSC0060517]]> 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine C1073 1073 primitive C0058272 Pharmacologic Substance Dimethylbusulfan Organic Chemical Dimethylmyleran SY NCI]]> Dimethylmyleran SY DTP NSC0023890]]> Dimethyl-Myleran SY NCI]]> DMM AB NCI]]> Dimethyl-Myleran Dimethyl Myleran DMM Dimethylmyleran Dimethylbusulfan PT NCI]]> Dimethyl Myleran SY NCI]]> Dimethylbusulfan C1074 1074 primitive Dinoprost Tromethamine C0058310 Eicosanoid Pharmacologic Substance Prostin F2 alpha SY NCI]]> Dinoprost Tromethamine PT NCI]]> Prostin F2 alpha Dinoprost tromethamine SY DTP NSC0196515]]> Dinoprost tromethamine Dinoprost Tromethamine C1075 1075 primitive C0058725 Pharmacologic Substance Doxorubicin-DNA Complex Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Doxorubicin-DNA Complex PT NCI]]> Adriamycin-DNA Complex SY NCI]]> Adriamycin-DNA Complex Doxorubicin-DNA Complex C1076 1076 primitive Dromostanolone C0058753 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Drostanolone SY NCI]]> Drostanolone SY DTP NSC0026198]]> Dromostanolone PT NCI]]> 2.alpha.-Methyldihydrotestosterone SY DTP NSC0026198]]> 2 Alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone SY NCI]]> Dromostanolone SY DTP NSC0026198]]> Drostanolone Dromostanolone 2 Alpha-methylandrostan-17 beta-ol-3-one 2 Alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone 2 Alpha-5 alpha-17 beta-17-hydroxy-2-methyl-androstan-3-one 17 Beta-hydroxy-2 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one 2.alpha.-Methyldihydrotestosterone 5.alpha.-Androstan-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-2.alpha.-methyl- NCI A synthetic anabolic steroid derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that is an estrogen antagonist and may be used as a palliative treatment in advanced breast cancer. (NCI)]]> 5.alpha.-Androstan-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-2.alpha.-methyl- SY DTP NSC0026198]]> 2 Alpha-5 alpha-17 beta-17-hydroxy-2-methyl-androstan-3-one SY NCI]]> 17 Beta-hydroxy-2 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one SY NCI]]> 2 Alpha-methylandrostan-17 beta-ol-3-one SY NCI]]> Dromostanolone C1077 1077 primitive C0058758 Pharmacologic Substance Dromostanolone Propionate Organic Chemical Permastril SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Masterone SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Masteron FB NCI]]> Emdisterone SY DTP NSC0012198]]> 2 Alpha-Methyldihydrotestosterone Propionate SY NCI]]> Masterid FB NCI]]> Masteril FB NCI]]> 2-Alpha-Methyldihydrotestosterone Propionate SY NCI]]> Compound 32379 SY NCI]]> NSC-12198 CN NCI]]> Masterone FB NCI]]> Masteril SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Masterid SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Emdisterone SY NCI]]> Drostanolone propionate SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Drostanolone Propionate SY NCI]]> Dromostanolone Propionate PT NCI]]> Drolban BR NCI]]> 2 Alpha-Methyldihydrotestosterone Propionate 2.alpha.-Methyldihydrotestosterone propionate Drolban Drostanolone propionate Masterid NSC-12198 Masterone Permastril Permastril FB NCI]]> Masteron Masteril Emdisterone Drostanolone Propionate Compound 32379 2-Alpha-Methyldihydrotestosterone Propionate 2.alpha.-Methyldihydrotestosterone propionate SY DTP NSC0012198]]> Dromostanolone Propionate C1078 1078 primitive Brequinar Sodium C0877869 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Sodium 6-Fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarboxylate SY NCI]]> NSC-368390 CN NCI]]> Brequinar Sodium PT NCI]]> Brequinar sodium SY DTP NSC0368390]]> DUP785 CN NCI]]> NCI Sodium salt of brequinar, an immunosuppresive drug active on t-cells. It is an inhibitor of the intracellular enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, required for de novo synthesis of pyrimidines.]]> NSC-368390 DUP785 Brequinar sodium Sodium 6-Fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarboxylate Brequinar Sodium C1079 1079 primitive C0058837 Antibiotic Dynemicin A Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Dynemicin A PT NCI]]> NCI An anthracycline antibiotic produced by Actinomycetes that binds to the minor groove of DNA, by intercalation that results in DNA double-strand breaks, leading to apoptosis. (NCI)]]> Dynemicin A C1080 1080 primitive Elsamitrucin C0059041 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Elsamitrucin PT NCI]]> Elsamicin A BR NCI]]> Benzo(h)(1)benzopyrano(5,4,3-cde)(1)ebnzopyran-5,12-dione,10((2-O-(2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl SY NCI]]> Elsamicin A Benzo(h)(1)benzopyrano(5,4,3-cde)(1)ebnzopyran-5,12-dione,10((2-O-(2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-1-methyl NCI Elsamitrucin is a novel actinomycete fermentation product that induces single-strand breaks in DNA and also inhibits topoisomerase I and II. (from J Clin Oncology, Vol 17, 1999: 1397)]]> BMY-28090 CN NCI]]> BMY-28090 Elsamitrucin C1081 1081 primitive C0059079 Pharmacologic Substance Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics Organic Chemical Lidocaine-Prilocaine Eutectic Mixture SY NCI]]> Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics PT NCI]]> EMLA BR NCI]]> NCI A topical anesthetic cream, containing lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%, that provides neuralgia pain relief by causing loss of cutaneous sensation through reversible blockade of conduction in nerve fibers. (NCI)]]> EMLA Lidocaine-Prilocaine Eutectic Mixture Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics C1082 1082 primitive Enocitabine C0059364 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance Enocitabine SY DTP NSC0239336]]> Enocitabine PT NCI]]> Enocitabine NCI A purine antimetabolite converted to Cytarabine in the body. Current use: in combination with other chemo agents to treat of leukaemias. (NCI)]]> Enocitabine C1083 1083 primitive C0059385 Immunologic Factor Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A PT NCI]]> SEA AB NCI]]> NCI Staphylococcal enterotoxin A. A superantigen and member of a family of genetically related proteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. An extremely potent activator of T lymphocytes when presented on MHC class II antigens.]]> SEA Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A C1084 1084 primitive Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B C0059386 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Immunologic Factor Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B PT NCI]]> SEB AB NCI]]> SEB NCI Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The prototype superantigen; a member of a family of genetically related proteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. An extremely potent activator of T lymphocytes when presented on MHC class II antigens.]]> Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B C1085 1085 primitive C0059387 Immunologic Factor Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C PT NCI]]> SEC AB NCI]]> NCI Staphylococcal enterotoxin C. A superantigen and member of a family of genetically related proteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. An extremely potent activator of T lymphocytes when presented on MHC class II antigens.]]> SEC Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C C1086 1086 primitive Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 C0059390 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Immunologic Factor Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 PT NCI]]> TSST-1 AB NCI]]> TSST-1 NCI Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. A superantigen with the potential to suppress plasma cell differentiation and antibody responsiveness. Potent pyrogen, induces T lymphocyte proliferation, requiring interleukin 1 release from macrophages, suppresses immunoglobulin production, enhances endotoxin shock, and enhances hypersensitivity skin reactions. Causes staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS).]]> Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 C1087 1087 primitive C0059403 Pharmacologic Substance EO9 Organic Chemical EO9 PT NCI]]> 3-hydroxymethyl-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2-(1H-indole-4,7-dione) prop-beta-en-alpha-ol SY NCI]]> NCI A bioreductive prodrug when activated is an alkylating agent and may have cytotoxic effects in hypoxic tumor cells Current use: in development for treatment of solid tumors. (NCI)]]> 3-hydroxymethyl-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2-(1H-indole-4,7-dione) prop-beta-en-alpha-ol EO9 C1088 1088 primitive Epigallocatechin Gallate C2588 C0059438 C10374 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Tea catechin SY NCI]]> EGCG PT NCI]]> EPIGALLOCATECHINGALLATE SY NCI]]> Epigallocatechin gallate SY NCI]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Skin (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate SY NCI]]> EGCG AB NCI]]> Epigallocatechin Gallate PT NCI]]> NCI A phenolic antioxidant found in a number of plants such as green and black tea. It inhibits cellular oxidation and prevents free radical damage to cells. It is under study as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. (NCI)]]> EGCG (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate EPIGALLOCATECHINGALLATE Epigallocatechin gallate Tea catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate C1089 1089 primitive C0059457 Steroid Epitiostanol Pharmacologic Substance Epitiostanol SY DTP NSC0194684]]> Epitiostanol PT NCI]]> Epitiostanol NCI An androgenic anabolic steroid having potent anti-estrogenic effect, which inhibits the progression of estrogen-stimulated cancers such as breast cancer. (NCI)]]> Epitiostanol C1090 1090 primitive Estradiol Valerate C0059623 Pharmacologic Substance Steroid Estradiol Valerate PT NCI]]> Estradiol Valerate C1091 1091 primitive C0059668 Steroid Estrone-Sulfate Pharmacologic Substance Estrone-Sulfate PT NCI]]> NCI An aqueous substance that is the sulfate salt form of estrone. (NCI)]]> Estrone-Sulfate C1092 1092 primitive Etanidazole 684681 301467 C0059682 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance etanidazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045213]]> SR-2508 PT NCI]]> Etanidazole PT NCI]]> EF-5 CN NCI]]> SR-2508 CN NCI]]> 2-Nitro-imidazole Derivative SY NCI]]> Etanidazole SY DTP NSC0301467]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that increases the effectiveness of radiation therapy.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that is used to plan cancer treatment by measuring oxygen levels in tumor cells.]]> EF5 2-Nitro-imidazole Derivative EF-5 SR-2508 MSH2002_06_01 A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Hypoxia detection agent; two phase I CTEP-sponsored studies]]> EF5 SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045970]]> Etanidazole C1093 1093 primitive C0059874 Pharmacologic Substance Etoposide Phosphate Organic Chemical Etoposide Phosphate PT NCI]]> Etopophos BR NCI]]> NCI A phosphate salt form of Etoposide, a podophyllotoxin derivative. (NCI)]]> Etopophos Etoposide Phosphate C1094 1094 primitive Fludarabine C0059985 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance fludarabine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045200]]> Fludarabine MQ CADSR]]> 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine SY NCI]]> 2-Fluoro-9-beta-arabinofuranosyladenine SY NCI]]> Fludarabine PT NCI]]> FLUDB AB CADSR]]> 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoro-9H-purin-6-amine SY NCI]]> 2-Fluorovidarabine SY NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> 2-Fluorovidarabine 2-Fluoro-9-beta-arabinofuranosyladenine 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 9-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoro-9H-purin-6-amine FLUDB CSP2002 nucleoside analog used alone or in combination with other agents to treat various cancers, especially leukemia.]]> Fludarabine C1095 1095 primitive C0700599 Pharmacologic Substance Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine Organic Chemical Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine PT NCI]]> Pyrimethamine Sulfadoxine SY NCI]]> Fansidar SY DTP NSC0618943]]> Fansidar BR NCI]]> Fansidar Pyrimethamine Sulfadoxine NCI an antimalarial agent]]> Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine C1096 1096 primitive Fazarabine Pharmacologic Substance C0060103 C682 281272 Organic Chemical fazarabine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045302]]> Fazarabine PT NCI]]> 1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine SY NCI]]> Ara AC SY DTP NSC0281272]]> 1,3, 5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-Amino-1-beta-D- arabinofuranosyl- (9CI) SY NCI]]> 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine SY DTP NSC0281272]]> CAS 65886-71-7 CI NCI]]> NSC 281272 CN NCI]]> Kymarabine SY DTP NSC0281272]]> CAS 65886-71-7 Ara AC 1-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine 1-Beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine Kymarabine NSC 281272 CSP2002 5 azacytosine arabinoside; USP lists as an antineoplastic agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antimetabolites.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Inhibits DNA methylation and DNA synthesis]]> 1,3, 5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-Amino-1-beta-D- arabinofuranosyl- (9CI) 1,3, 5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-.beta.-D- arabinofuranosyl- (9CI) Kymarabine SY NCI]]> Fazarabine SY DTP NSC0281272]]> Ara AC AB NCI]]> 1,3, 5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-.beta.-D- arabinofuranosyl- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0281272]]> Fazarabine C1097 1097 primitive 713563 C2610 Steroid Pharmacologic Substance Exemestane C0060116 exemestane PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045445]]> Aromasin BR NCI]]> Exemestane (Aromasin) PT NCI]]> FCE-24304 CN NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug used to decrease estrogen production and suppress the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors.]]> Aromasin Exemestane (Aromasin) FCE-24304 NCI CMAP Definition: Phase III/application submitted 1999]]> Exemestane PT NCI]]> Exemestane SY DTP NSC0713563]]> Exemestane C1098 1098 primitive Fenretinide 374551 C0060197 C2396 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance fenretinide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045233]]> all-trans-N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide SY NCI]]> all-trans-N-4'-hydroxyretinanilide SY NCI]]> all-trans-4'-hydroxyretinanilide SY DTP NSC0374551]]> 4-Hydroxyphenylretinamide SY NCI]]> FENRETINIDE (4-HPR) PT NCI]]> Fenretinide SY DTP NSC0374551]]> McN-R-1967 SY NCI]]> N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide SY DTP NSC0374551]]> all-trans-N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide all-trans-4'-hydroxyretinanilide all-trans-N-4'-hydroxyretinanilide MSH2002_06_01 A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.]]> CSP2002 N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide; a synthetic retinoid used orally as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in men and in women at risk of developing breast cancer; also effective as an antineoplastic agent.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug being studied for cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.]]> (DCP_has_Target_Organ) Breast RWJ-16434 SY NCI]]> N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide SY NCI]]> McN-R-1967 Fenretinide All-trans-4'-Hydroxyretinanilide 4-HPR 4-(all-trans-retino-yl)aminophenol 4-Hydroxyphenylretinamide FENRETINIDE (4-HPR) HPR-4 N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide RWJ-16434 N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide SY NCI]]> HPR-4 SY NCI]]> Fenretinide PT NCI]]> All-trans-4'-Hydroxyretinanilide SY NCI]]> 4-HPR PT NCI]]> 4-HPR AB NCI]]> 4-(all-trans-retino-yl)aminophenol SY NCI]]> Fenretinide C1099 1099 primitive C0060389 Steroid Finasteride Pharmacologic Substance finasteride PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045336]]> Prostide FB NCI]]> Pro-Cure FB NCI]]> Propeshia FB NCI]]> Finasteride PT NCI]]> MK 906 CN NCI]]> Proscar BR NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to reduce the amount of male hormone (testosterone) produced by the body.]]> Urprosan Chibro-Proscar Finastid Proscar Propecia Pro-Cure MK 906 Propeshia Prostide MSH2002_06_01 An orally active TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.]]> Urprosan FB NCI]]> Propecia BR NCI]]> Finastid FB NCI]]> Chibro-Proscar FB NCI]]> Finasteride C1100 1100 primitive Cefixime Antibiotic C0060400 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Cefixime PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.]]> Cefixime C1101 1101 primitive C0060441 Pharmacologic Substance Flavone Acetic Acid Organic Chemical NSC 347512 CN NCI]]> Flavone Acetic Acid PT NCI]]> CAS 87626-55-9 CN NCI]]> 4H-1-Benzopyran-8-acetic acid, 4-oxo-2-phenyl- SY DTP NSC0347512]]> LM 975 CN NCI]]> NCI A promising new anti-cancer drug for use against slow growing, solid tumors. FAA functions differently from other anti-cancer agents in that it seems to interfere with blood supply to the tumor.]]> Flavone-8-Acetic Acid Flavone acetic acid 4H-1-Benzopyran-8-acetic acid, 4-oxo-2-phenyl- FAA 4H-1-benzopyran-8-acetic Acid, 4-Oxo-2-phenyl CAS 87626-55-9 LM 975 NSC 347512 Flavone-8-Acetic Acid SY NCI]]> Flavone acetic acid SY DTP NSC0347512]]> FAA AB NCI]]> 4H-1-benzopyran-8-acetic Acid, 4-Oxo-2-phenyl SY NCI]]> Flavone Acetic Acid C1102 1102 primitive Fludarabine Phosphate 312887 C0060483 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance fludarabine-5'-monophosphate SY NCI]]> Fludarabine Phosphate PT NCI]]> FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE PT NCI]]> 2-F-ara-AMP AB NCI]]> CAS 75607679 CN NCI]]> 9H-purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl) SY NCI]]> 9H-Purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)- SY DTP NSC0312887]]> Beneflur FB NCI]]> Fludara BR NCI]]> 9H-Purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)- Beneflur Fludara FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE CAS 75607679 NSC-312887 fludarabine-5'-monophosphate NCI The phosphate salt form of Fludarabine. (NCI)]]> NSC-312887 CN NCI]]> 9H-purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl) 2-F-ara-AMP Fludarabine Phosphate C1103 1103 primitive C0060486 Steroid Fludrocortisone Pharmacologic Substance fludrocortisone PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045199]]> Fludrocortisone PT NCI]]> Florinef BR NCI]]> Fludrocortisone Acetate SY NCI]]> Florinef acetate SY DTP NSC0015186]]> Fludrocortisone acetate SY DTP NSC0015186]]> NCI-GLOSS A synthetic corticosteroid. It is used to replace steroid hormones normally produced by the adrenal gland.]]> Florinef Florinef Acetate Fludrocortisone Acetate Fludrocortisone SY DTP NSC0011318]]> Florinef SY DTP NSC0011318]]> Florinef Acetate SY NCI]]> Fludrocortisone C1104 1104 primitive Fluosol-DA C0060574 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Fluosol-DA PT NCI]]> NCI a perfluorocarbon. a blood substitute in trials for the treatment of severe anemia]]> Fluosol-DA C1105 1105 primitive C0060692 Pharmacologic Substance Diethylstilbestrol Diphosphate Hormone Stilphostrol SY DTP NSC0010481]]> Stilbestrol Diphosphate SY NCI]]> Honvol FB NCI]]> Fosfestrol BR NCI]]> DESP AB NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol 4,4'-Diphosphoric Ester SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbestryl Diphosphate SY NCI]]> Honvan FB NCI]]> Stilboestrol Diphosphate SY NCI]]> DESP Diethylstilbestrol 4,4'-Diphosphoric Ester Fosfestrol Honvan Stilboestrol Diphosphate Stilbestrol Diphosphate Stilphostrol NCI The phosphate salt form of Diethylstilbestrol. (NCI)]]> Stilphostrol BR NCI]]> ST-52 Honvol Fosfestrol Sodium Phosphoestrolum Diethylstilbestryl Diphosphate Diethyldihydroxystilbene Diphosphate CAS-130-80-3 (E)-4,4'-(1,2-ethenediyl)-bisphenol bis(dihydrogen phosphate) Alpha,alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol Diphosphoric Acid Ester ST-52 FB NCI]]> Fosfestrol Sodium Phosphoestrolum SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol Diphosphate PT NCI]]> Diethyldihydroxystilbene Diphosphate SY NCI]]> CAS-130-80-3 CN NCI]]> Alpha,alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol Diphosphoric Acid Ester SY NCI]]> (E)-4,4'-(1,2-ethenediyl)-bisphenol bis(dihydrogen phosphate) SY NCI]]> Diethylstilbestrol Diphosphate C1106 1106 primitive Fotemustine C0060696 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance diethyl[1-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]ethyl]phosphonate SY NCI]]> Muphoran FB NCI]]> 1-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoureido]ethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester SY NCI]]> [1-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosamino]-carbonyl]amino]ethyl]phosphonic acid diethyl ester SY NCI]]> NCI Fotemustine is a clinically used DNA-alkylating nitrosourea]]> S 10036 CN NCI]]> Fotemustine PT NCI]]> diethyl[1-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]ethyl]phosphonate Muphoran 1-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosoureido]ethylphosphonic acid diethyl ester [1-[[[(2-chloroethyl)nitrosamino]-carbonyl]amino]ethyl]phosphonic acid diethyl ester S 10036 Fotemustine C1107 1107 primitive C0060836 Organic Chemical Fumonisin B1 Hazardous or Poisonous Substance Macrofusine SY NCI]]> Fumonisin B1 SY DTP NSC0629151]]> Fumonisin B(1) SY NCI]]> FB1 AB NCI]]> Fumonisin B1 PT NCI]]> NCI A mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme. It is a contaminant of cereals, especially corn. It has been epidemiologically linked to high incidence of human esophageal cancer in South Africa and China and to hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models.]]> Fumonisin B(1) FB1 Fumonisin B1 Macrofusine Fumonisin B1 C1108 1108 primitive Gabapentin Organic Chemical C0060926 Pharmacologic Substance NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a treatment for relieving hot flashes in women with breast cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called anticonvulsants.]]> Neurontin 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic Acid gabapentin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045039]]> 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic Acid SY NCI]]> NCI An anticonvulsant structurally related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but does not bind with GABA receptors. The exact mechanism of action is unknown. Current use: management of epilepsy, pain, mania, depression and anxiety disorders. (NCI)]]> Gabapentin PT NCI]]> Neurontin BR NCI]]> Gabapentin C1109 1109 primitive 15200 C218 Inorganic Chemical Gallium Nitrate Pharmacologic Substance C0061008 gallium nitrate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045202]]> NSC-15200 Ganite WR-135675 NCI-GLOSS A drug that lowers blood calcium. Used as treatment for hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) and for cancer that has spread to the bone (bone metastases).]]> NSC-15200 CN NCI]]> Gallium nitrate SY DTP NSC0015200]]> GALLIUM NITRATE PT NCI]]> WR-135675 CN NCI]]> Gallium Nitrate PT NCI]]> Ganite BR NCI]]> Gallium Nitrate C1110 1110 primitive Ganglioside GD2 C0061104 Lipid Immunologic Factor Ganglioside GD2 PT NCI]]> GD2 ganglioside NCI Disiaganlioside (GD2) is a carbohydrate specific antigen that is found on many types of tumors including small-cell lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and melanoma antigen.]]> GD2 ganglioside SY NCI]]> Ganglioside GD2 C1111 1111 primitive C0061132 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Gastrin Releasing Peptide (Therapeutic) Pharmacologic Substance Gastrin Releasing Peptide (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> GRP (Therapeutic) CSP2002 mammalian homolog of bombesin; widely distributed in GI tract and CNS; also expressed in fetal lung tissue and by small cell lung carcinomas.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the stomach, the neuropeptide stimulates release of gastrin from the G CELLS.]]> NCI Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is the mammalian homologue of amphibian bombesin and helps regulate gastric acid secretion and motor function; it is widely distributed in the GI tract and CNS, as well as in fetal lung tissue and in small cell lung carcinomas. GRP stimulates release of gastrin from the G cells in the stomach and increases plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, and insulin. GRP functions in a neurotransmitter-like fashion. In the fetus, a larger form of GRP acts as a hormone and exerts growth factor-like activity on many organs, aiding in development.]]> GRP (Therapeutic) AB NCI]]> Gastrin Releasing Peptide (Therapeutic) C1112 1112 primitive Geldanamycin C0061179 Organic Chemical Antibiotic Geldanamycin PT NCI]]> NCI An ansamycin antibiotic]]> GELDANAMYCIN CAS 30562-34-6 CAS 30562-34-6 CN NCI]]> GELDANAMYCIN SY DTP NSC0122750]]> Geldanamycin C1113 1113 primitive C0061202 Organic Chemical Genistein genistein PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046107]]> Genestein Genisteol Prunetol NCI-GLOSS An isoflavone found in soy products. Soy isoflavones are being studied to see if they help prevent cancer.]]> CSP2002 trihydroxyisoflavone; phytoestrogen found in soy based foods; may have cancer chemoprotective activity.]]> MSH2002_06_01 An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE and topoisomerase-II (DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE II); activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 phase arrest in human and murine cell lines.]]> NCI An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase-II activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 phase arrest in human and murine cell lines. Genistein has been used as a chemopreventive agent in prostate cancer.]]> Prunetol SY NCI]]> Genisteol SY NCI]]> Genistein SY DTP NSC0036586]]> Genestein SY NCI]]> 5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one SY NCI]]> 4',5, 7-Trihydroxyisoflavone SY DTP NSC0036586]]> 4',5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone SY NCI]]> GENISTEIN SY DTP NSC0036586]]> Genistein PT NCI]]> Genisteol SY DTP NSC0036586]]> 5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 4',5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone 4',5, 7-Trihydroxyisoflavone Prunetol SY DTP NSC0036586]]> Genistein C1114 1114 primitive Glaucarubolone C0061299 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Glaucarubolone SY DTP NSC0126764]]> NCI A polycyclic lactone quassinoid fraction extracted from seeds of Hannoa undulata. It is under study for both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against of breast and lung cancer metastases. (NCI)]]> Glaucarubolone GLAUCARUBOLONE Glaucarubolone PT NCI]]> GLAUCARUBOLONE SY DTP NSC0126764]]> Glaucarubolone C1115 1115 primitive C0061472 Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine Glutamic Acid Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Muriamic SY DTP NSC0009239]]> Acidulin Acidoride Glutamic acid hydrochloride Glutamic Acid Hydrochloride Muriamic MSH2002_06_01 A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.]]> Muriamic BR NCI]]> Acidulin BR NCI]]> Acidoride BR NCI]]> Acidoride SY DTP NSC0009239]]> Glutamic Acid PT NCI]]> Acidulin SY DTP NSC0009239]]> Glutamic Acid Hydrochloride SY NCI]]> Glutamic acid hydrochloride SY DTP NSC0009239]]> Glutamic Acid C1116 1116 primitive Glycosylphosphatidylinositol C0061688 Biologically Active Substance Lipid Glycosylphosphatidylinositol PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They act to anchor proteins or polysaccharides to cell membranes.]]> Glycosylphosphatidylinositol C1117 1117 primitive C0061751 Pharmacologic Substance Glycyrrhizin Organic Chemical Glycyrrhizin SY DTP NSC0234419]]> Glycyrrhizin PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.]]> Glycyrrhizin Glycyrrhizin C1118 1118 primitive Gossypol Acetic Acid C0061824 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Gossypol Acetic Acid PT NCI]]> NCI A compound containing acetic acid and gossypol, an extract from cottonseed having male anti-fertility, anti-viral, and anti-cancer properties. It induces apoptosis through the inhibition of protein kinase C. (NCI)]]> Gossypol Acetic Acid C1119 1119 primitive C0061851 Pharmacologic Substance Ondansetron Organic Chemical ondansetron PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045309]]> GR 38032F GR-C507/75 Zofran GR-C507/75 CN NCI]]> Zofran BR NCI]]> Zofran SY DTP NSC0665799]]> MSH2002_06_01 A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiemetics.]]> GR 38032F CN NCI]]> Ondansetron PT NCI]]> Ondansetron C1120 1120 primitive Halofuginone C0062095 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Halofuginone SY DTP NSC0713205]]> Halofuginone NCI A type-specific inhibitor of collagen. Can halt or slow tumor progression in vivo, possibly by inhibiting angiogenesis by blocking extracellular matrix formation, inhibiting collagenase type IV activity by inducing apoptosis, or by inhibiting H19 gene expression.]]> Halofuginone PT NCI]]> Halofuginone C1121 1121 primitive C0062143 Pharmacologic Substance HC-Toxin Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein HC-Toxin PT NCI]]> NCI A host-specific toxin from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum. An inhibitor of histone deacetylase, it is a cyclic tetrapeptide containing an epoxide alpha-amino acid. Inhibition of histone deacetylase is sensitive to mercaptoethanol treatment.]]> Cyclo(D-Pro-L-Ala-D-Ala-L-Aeo) Cyclic(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-eta-oxo-L-alpha-aminooxiraneoctanoyl-D-prolyl) Cyclic(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-eta-oxo-L-alpha-aminooxiraneoctanoyl-D-prolyl) SY NCI]]> Cyclo(D-Pro-L-Ala-D-Ala-L-Aeo) SY NCI]]> HC-Toxin C1122 1122 primitive Hepatocyte Growth Factor (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein C0062534 Biologically Active Substance Pharmacologic Substance Scatter Factor SY NCI]]> Hepatopoietin HGF HGF/SF Scatter Factor Hepatocyte Growth Factor (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Hepatopoietin SY NCI]]> NCI Hepatocyte Growth Factor is also known as Scatter Factor and Hepatopoeitin A, a multifunctional growth factor that regulates cell growth and cell motility. Through its receptor c-met, HGF is a potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocytes and endothelial cells and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types, including renal tubular epithelial cells, epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes. A single chain precursor is cleaved to 70 kD and 30kD chains that are linked by one disulfide bond. Both the single chain and cleaved form are active. (DCB-CB)]]> CSP2002 newly identified and characterized growth factor; involved in regulating cell migration.]]> MSH2002_06_01 Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-MET.]]> HGF AB NCI]]> HGF/SF AB NCI]]> Hepatocyte Growth Factor (Therapeutic) C1123 1123 primitive C0062540 Pharmacologic Substance Hepsulfam Organic Chemical Sulfamic acid, 1,7-heptanediyl ester SY DTP NSC0329680]]> HEPSULFAM 1,7-Heptanediyl Ester Sulfamic Acid CAS 96892-57-8 NSC 329680 Hepsulfam PT NCI]]> NSC 329680 CN NCI]]> 1,7-Heptanediyl Ester Sulfamic Acid SY NCI]]> Sulfamic acid, 1,7-heptanediyl ester NCI Hepsulfam is a bisulfamic ester which is similar in structure to busulfan and is believed to act as a bifunctional alkylator inducing both DNA-DNA and DNA-protein crosslinks.]]> HEPSULFAM SY DTP NSC0329680]]> CAS 96892-57-8 CN NCI]]> Hepsulfam C1124 1124 primitive Herbimycin C0062565 Antibiotic Organic Chemical Herbimycin PT NCI]]> Herbimycin A NCI An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces Hygroscopicus that has anti-angiogenic activity and inhibits protein tyrosine kinase, inducing apoptosis. (NCI)]]> Herbimycin A PT NCI]]> Herbimycin C1125 1125 primitive C0062641 Pharmacologic Substance Hexamethylene Bisacetamide Organic Chemical Hexamethylene bisacetamide SY DTP NSC0095580]]> Hexamethylene Bisacetamide PT NCI]]> NCI Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a polar-planar compound that strongly induces terminal differentiation in several tumor cell lines. Its precise mechanism of action is unknown.]]> Hexamethylene bisacetamide HMBA HMBA SY DTP NSC0095580]]> HMBA AB NCI]]> Hexamethylene Bisacetamide C1126 1126 primitive Haemophilus influenzae B Vaccine Pharmacologic Substance C2678 C0062703 722399 Immunologic Factor PedvaxHIB BR NCI]]> Haemophilus influenzae B Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-OMP) Haemophilus b oligosaccharide conjugate vacccine ActHIB Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine Hib TITER vaccine HibTITER PedvaxHIB NCI An active immunizing vaccine made from purified Haemophilus influenza type B capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to a carrier protein. Current use: prevent infection by Haemophilus influenza type B bacteria. (NCI)]]> Hib TITER vaccine PT NCI]]> Haemophilus influenzae B Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-T) Haemophilus influenzae B Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-OMP) SY NCI]]> Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine SY NCI]]> ActHIB BR NCI]]> Haemophilus influenzae B Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-T) SY NCI]]> Haemophilus b oligosaccharide conjugate vacccine SY NCI]]> Haemophilus influenzae B Vaccine PT NCI]]> HibTITER BR NCI]]> Haemophilus influenzae B Vaccine C1127 1127 primitive 141633 C0062941 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Homoharringtonine C1540 homoharringtonine PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045216]]> Ceflatonin Cephalotaxine, 4-Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (Ester) Cephalotaxine, 4-methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (ester), [3(R)]- (9CI) Cephalotaxine, 4-Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (Ester), [3(R)]- (9CI) NSC 141633 Ceflatonin BR NCI]]> Cephalotaxine, 4-Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (Ester), [3(R)]- (9CI) SY NCI]]> Cephalotaxine, 4-methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (ester), [3(R)]- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0141633]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the plant alkaloid family of drugs.]]> NSC 141633 CN NCI]]> Cephalotaxine, 4-Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate (Ester) SY NCI]]> Homoharringtonine PT NCI]]> Homoharringtonine C1128 1128 primitive Leflunomide C0063041 C562 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical leflunomide PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045436]]> 4-Isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-Methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- Arava SU101 NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that works by inhibiting a cancer cell growth factor. Also called SU101.]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that works by inhibiting a cancer cell growth factor. Also called leflunomide.]]> NCI CMAP Definition: Kinase Inhibitor]]> SU101 CN NCI]]> Leflunomide PT NCI]]> 4-Isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-Methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- SY NCI]]> Leflunomide SY DTP NSC0677411]]> Arava BR NCI]]> SU101 SY NCI-GLOSS CDR0000046000]]> SU101 SY NCI]]> Leflunomide C1129 1129 primitive C0063067 Organic Chemical Hydrazine Sulfate Pharmacologic Substance hydrazine sulfate PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044283]]> Sehydrin NCI-GLOSS A substance that has been studied as a treatment for cancer and as a treatment for cachexia (body wasting) associated with advanced cancer.]]> NCI A substance that has been studied as a treatment for cancer and as a treatment for cachexia (body wasting) associated with advanced cancer. (NCI-GLOSS)]]> NCI Hydrazine sulfate is an anti-cachexia drug which acts to reverse the metabolic processes of debilitation and weight loss in cancer and secondarily acts to stabilize or regress tumors. Hydrazine sulfate is a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. (from Syracuse Cancer Research Institute)]]> Sehydrin FB NCI]]> Hydrazine Sulfate PT NCI]]> Hydrazine Sulfate C1130 1130 primitive Hydroxyl Radical C0063146 Inorganic Chemical Hydroxyl Radical PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.]]> CSP2002 OH., a neutral, highly reactive, toxic free radical commonly found in biological systems.]]> Hydroxyl Radical C1131 1131 primitive C0063322 Pharmacologic Substance Tropisetron Organic Chemical Tropisetron PT NCI]]> ICS 205-930 NCI an antiemetic agent]]> ICS 205-930 CN NCI]]> Tropisetron C1132 1132 primitive IMREG-1 C0063442 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance IMREG-1 PT NCI]]> IMREG 1 SY NCI]]> IMREG 1 NCI IMREG-1 is a leukocyte-derived immunomodulator isolated from serum of HIV- negative individuals. An experimental anti-AIDS drug.]]> IMREG-1 C1133 1133 primitive C0063444 Organic Chemical ImuVert Pharmacologic Substance Serratia Marcescens Extract SY NCI]]> Serratia Marcescens Extract NCI a biological response modifier produced from the bacterium Serratia marcescens]]> ImuVert PT NCI]]> ImuVert C1134 1134 primitive Indicine-N-Oxide C0063465 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance NSC 132319 SY DTP NSC0132319]]> Butanoic Acid, 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)- (2,3,5, 7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl) Methyl Ester, N-Oxide,(1R-(1.alpha.,7(2R*,3S*),7a.beta))-(9CI) 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)butanoic Acid (2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)methyl Ester N-Oxide Butanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)- (2,3,5, 7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl) methyl ester, N-oxide, (1R-(1.alpha.,7(2R*,3S*),7a.beta))-(9CI) Indicine, N-oxide CAS 41708763 Indicine N-oxide NSC 132319 NCI A plant alkaloid]]> NSC 132319 CN NCI]]> 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)butanoic Acid (2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)methyl Ester N-Oxide SY NCI]]> Butanoic Acid, 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)- (2,3,5, 7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl) Methyl Ester, N-Oxide,(1R-(1.alpha.,7(2R*,3S*),7a.beta))-(9CI) SY NCI]]> CAS 41708763 CN NCI]]> Indicine-N-Oxide PT NCI]]> Indicine, N-oxide SY DTP NSC0132319]]> Butanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)- (2,3,5, 7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl) methyl ester, N-oxide, (1R-(1.alpha.,7(2R*,3S*),7a.beta))-(9CI) SY DTP NSC0132319]]> Indicine N-oxide SY DTP NSC0132319]]> Indicine-N-Oxide C1135 1135 primitive C0063491 Pharmacologic Substance Indole-3-Carbinol Organic Chemical indole-3-carbinol PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000044969]]> Indole-3-Carbinol PT NCI]]> NCI A glucosinolate antioxidant found in cruciferous vegetables that acts as a chemopreventive agent by scavenging of free radicals from cellular oxidation and stimulation of natural detoxifying enzymes in the body. (NCI)]]> NCI-GLOSS A substance that is being studied as a cancer prevention drug. It is found in cruciferous vegetables.]]> 1H-indole-3-methanol I3C I3C AB NCI]]> 1H-indole-3-methanol SY NCI]]> Indole-3-Carbinol C1136 1136 primitive Inosine Dialdehyde C0063555 Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide Pharmacologic Substance diglycolaldehyde, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-.alpha.'-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl) SY NCI]]> 9H-Purine-9-acetaldehyde, .alpha.-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R,R)- (8CI) Diglycoaldehyde NSC 118994 Inosine dialdehyde IdA Diglycolaldehyde, .alpha.-(hydroxymethyl)-.alpha.'-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)- Inox Wy-5321 diglycolaldehyde, alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-.alpha.'-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl) 9H-purine-9-acetaldehyde, alpha-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R-(R*, R*))- (9CI) 9H-purine-9-acetaldehyde, alpha-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R,R)- (8CI) 9H-Purine-9-acetaldehyde, .alpha.-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R-(R*, R*))- (9CI) NCI A purine antimetabolite which is substituted for guanine in the DNA minor groove and alters the nucleic acid affinity to the peptide, interfering with DNA synthesis. (NCI)]]> Wy-5321 CN NCI]]> NSC 118994 CN NCI]]> Inox SY DTP NSC0118994]]> Inosine Dialdehyde PT NCI]]> Diglycolaldehyde, .alpha.-(hydroxymethyl)-.alpha.'-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)- SY DTP NSC0118994]]> 9H-purine-9-acetaldehyde, alpha-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R-(R*, R*))- (9CI) SY NCI]]> 9H-purine-9-acetaldehyde, alpha-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R,R)- (8CI) SY NCI]]> Inosine dialdehyde SY DTP NSC0118994]]> IdA AB NCI]]> Diglycoaldehyde SY NCI]]> 9H-Purine-9-acetaldehyde, .alpha.-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R-(R*, R*))- (9CI) SY DTP NSC0118994]]> 9H-Purine-9-acetaldehyde, .alpha.-(1-formyl-2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-, (R,R)- (8CI) SY DTP NSC0118994]]> Inox SY NCI]]> NSC 118994 SY DTP NSC0118994]]> Inosine Dialdehyde C1137 1137 primitive C0063817 Organic Chemical Iopromide Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid Iopromide PT NCI]]> NCI A contrast medium.]]> Iopromide C1138 1138 primitive Itraconazole Organic Chemical C0064113 Antibiotic itraconazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045161]]> NCI-GLOSS A drug used to prevent or treat fungal infections. It belongs to the family of drugs called antifungal agents.]]> MSH2002_06_01 One of the triazole ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes resulting in impairment of ERGOSTEROL synthesis. It has been used against histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis and aspergillosis.]]> CSP2002 orally active antimycotic; structurally related to ketoconazole.]]> Sporanox Itraconazole PT NCI]]> Sporanox BR NCI]]> Itraconazole C1139 1139 primitive 713762 C0064332 Pharmacologic Substance Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin C1278 keyhole limpet hemocyanin PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045403]]> KLH KLH AB NCI]]> NCI-GLOSS KLH. One of a group of drugs called immune modulators, given as a vaccine to help the body respond to cancer.]]> Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin PT NCI]]> Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin C1140 1140 primitive KW-2149 Organic Chemical C0064443 Antibiotic KW-2149 PT NCI]]> KW 2149 NCI An analog of Mitomycin C]]> KW 2149 CN NCI]]> KW-2149 C1141 1141 primitive 609974 C2524 Pharmacologic Substance Organic Chemical Carboxyamidotriazole C0064494 carboxyamidotriazole PT NCI-GLOSS CDR0000045379]]> Carboxy-Amino-Imidazole (CAI) CAI 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxamide, 5-amino-1-((3,5-dichloro-4(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)methyl) L651582 Carboxyamido-triazole NSC-609974 NCI CMAP Definition: Inhibits Ca2+ influx through non- voltage-gated Ca2+ channels]]> NCI-GLOSS An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors.]]> NCI a signal transduction inhibitor, which blocks angiogenesis by inhibiting calcium influx]]> NSC-609974 CN NCI]]> CAI AB NCI]]> 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxamide, 5-amino-1-((3,5-dichloro-4(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)methyl) SY NCI]]> CAI PT NCI]]> L651582 CN NCI]]> Carboxyamido-triazole SY NCI]]> Carboxy-Amino-Imidazole (CAI) PT NCI]]> Carboxyamidotriazole PT NCI]]> Carboxyamidotriazole C1142 1142 primitive Lavendustin A C0064695 Organic Chemical Pharmacologic Substance Lavendustin A SY DTP NSC0678027]]> 5-(((2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl)((2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)amino)-2-hydroxy Benzoic Acid Benzoic acid, 5-[[(2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl][(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-hydroxy - Lavendustin A Benzoic acid, 5-[[(2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl][(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-hydroxy - SY DTP NSC0678027]]> 5-(((2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl)((2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)amino)-2-hydroxy Benzoic Acid SY NCI]]> Lavendustin A PT NCI]]> NCI A compound isolated from strains of Streptomyces griseolavendus that may exert antitumor activity by inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase and tubulin polymerization. (NCI)]]> Lavendustin A C1143 1143 primitive C0064839 Pharmacologic Substance Leukoregulin (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Leukoregulin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A glycoprotein of 50 kDa secreted by activated natural killer lymphocytes. Leukoregulin shows tumor growth inhibitory activity and enhances membrane permeability and the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by tumors cells without affecting these processes in normal cells. (from Cytokines Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia)]]> NCI Leukoregulin is a glycoprotein lymphokine secreted by activated natural killer lymphocytes. Leukoregulin can up regulate the expression of hyaluronan and PTGS2, the inflammatory cyclooxygenase. Leukoregulin shows tumor growth inhibitory activity and enhances membrane permeability and the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by tumors cells without affecting these processes in normal cells. (from OMIM 602994 and NCI)]]> Leukoregulin (Therapeutic) C1144 1144 primitive Nafarelin C0064906 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Synrelina FB NCI]]> RS-94991298 Nafarelin Acetate Synarela Synrelina MSH2002_06_01 This GONADORELIN analog has been used in the treatment of central precocious puberty and endometriosis.]]> RS-94991298 CN NCI]]> Nafarelin Acetate SY NCI]]> 6-D-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-GnRH SY NCI]]> Nafarelin PT NCI]]> 6-D-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-GnRH Synarel Synarela FB NCI]]> Synarel BR NCI]]> Nafarelin C1145 1145 primitive C0064971 Pharmacologic Substance Lignans Organic Chemical Lignans PT NCI]]> MSH2002_06_01 A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)]]> Lignan NCI The two most studied groups of phytoestrogens are the lignans (products of intestinal microbial breakdown of compounds found in whole grains, fibers, flax seeds and many fruits and vegetables) and the isoflavones (found in soybeans and other legumes). (http://www.tmc.tulane.edu/ecme/eehome/)]]> Lignan SY DTP NSC0093090]]> Lignans C1146 1146 primitive Lonidamine Organic Chemical C0065175 Pharmacologic Substance Lonidamine PT NCI]]> Doridamina FB NCI]]> NCI an indazole carboxylic acid derivative that interferes with the multidrug resistance mechanism. a radiosensitizer and antiparasitic agent]]> Doridamina AF 1890 Diclondazolic Acid Diclondazolic Acid SY NCI]]> AF 1890 CN NCI]]> Lonidamine C1147 1147 primitive C0065337 Pharmacologic Substance Biologically Active Substance Interleukin-16 (Therapeutic) Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Lymphocyte Chemoattractant Factor SY NCI]]> Interleukin-16 IL-16 Lymphocyte Chemoattractant Factor MSH2002_06_01 Cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication.]]> NCI Cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication. (MSH98)]]> Interleukin-16 SY NCI]]> IL-16 AB NCI]]> Interleukin-16 (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> Interleukin-16 (Therapeutic) C1148 1148 primitive Lymphotactin (Therapeutic) C0065349 Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance Lymphotactin SY NCI]]> Lymphotactin (Therapeutic) PT NCI]]> NCI A recombinant chemokine of human lymphotactin which is produced by activated progenitor T cells and characterized by specific chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. Current use: May be used for cancer immunotherapy. (NCI)]]> Lymphotactin Lymphotactin (Therapeutic) C1149 1149 primitive C0065461 Pharmacologic Substance Maalox Inorganic Chemical Maalox PT NCI]]> NCI An antacid consisting of either a single agent (Calcium Carbonate) or combination of agents (Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide). Some formulations contain an anti-gas agent (Simethicone). Current use: Ingredient in palliative cancer therapy, heartburn and acid indigestion management. (NCI)]]> Maalox <